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use move the cursor so that when you type what you type will appear immediately after the open parenthesis character and immediately before the f of f21 note however that you might not have f21 you might be transposing numbers from a different cell that is perfectly okay 29 type shift 4 to put a dollar sign after the open parenthesis character now use the arrow keys to move the cursor to the right so that the next character you type will come immediately after the and immediately before the q21 or whatever cellname you have type shift 4 again to put another dollar sign immediately after the nobody said to press enter yet do not press enter not yet 30 the dollar sign before the f21 makes it so the f will not change the dollar sign before the q21 makes it so the q will not change that s what we want because the bls numbers we are using start in column f for january and end in column q for december if the explanation doesn t make sense stick with me anyway it ll make sense when you see it happen 31 now that you have typed in the two dollar signs we are done modifying the formula do not press enter as before you have to press and hold down the ctrl key and the shift key with those keys pressed press and release the enter key then release all the keys your curly braces should come back 32 now we need to do 1914 so with cells b4 through b15 still selected press ctrl c to copy the formula then click on cell c5 one row down and one column to the right of the transposed january 1913 number with cell c5 selected press ctrl v to paste the formula we copied 33 you can check your work if you want but if you do make sure not to change which cells are selected 34 in this image you can see that we are using cpi values from cells f22 through q22 there are dollar signs there so what you see is f22 and q22 actually those start and end cells are one row down from f21 and q21 where the 1913 numbers are that s good that means we got the 1914 cpi numbers 35 now without changing the selection of cells press ctrl x to cut them out of column c click on the cell in column b that is next to jan 1914 in column a and with that one cell selected press ctrl v to paste the cpi values for 1914 in place where we want them 36 oh i just noticed for the first image i used the cpiai ods file i started with but for the rest of the images i used the temp cpiai ods file that i m using to help me write this post oh well 37 again do not change the selection of cells press ctrl c to copy the formula that gives you the 1914 values point to the cell that is one row down and one row to the right of the january 1914 cpi value in my example point to cell c17 click on that cell and press ctrl v to paste in the formula for the 1915 values now without changing the selection press ctrl x to cut out the formula click on the cell that will hold the january 1915 value and press ctrl v to paste the formula into all the months of 1915 38 at this point it has become easy to transpose the next line read item 37 again if you missed it but there is one more consideration before you finish transposing your data 39 in the original bls data there is a blank line after 1915 there is a blank line every five years after 1915 and 1920 and 1925 and so on so when you copy the 1915 formula to create the 1916 formula you don t point to the cell that is one down and one to the right you point to the cell that is two down and one to the right by going down two you skip the blank line 40 and that s it ctrl c ctrl v ctrl x ctrl v the left hand barely moves the right hand selects cells with the mouse it goes quick much quicker than writing this post for example 41 by the way if you mess up just delete the cells that are wrong select the most recent year s numbers that are right and get back into the loop it seems there is an easier way for you to get the cpi numbers all in one column you can use the file i used i checked it over as much as i could stand and i don t see any errors in it the workbook contains three pages source the original bls textfile imported to the spreadsheet monthly all the data transposed into one column cfya change from year ago values calculated from the cpi u values if i forgot to delete it there is also a page named monthly prelim which you can ignore i stored the files at google docs three versions 1 the google docs version 2 the open office calc spreadsheet 3 an excel version created by open office hope this was a useful post posted by the arthurian at 4 00 am 0 comments labels spreadsheeting friday october 28 2011 now here s a trend that s easier to see us financial activities employment thousands since 1939 source ces5500000001 at bls posted by the arthurian at 12 00 pm 0 comments manufacturing employment trends us manufacturing employment thousands since 1939 source ces3000000001 at bls this time i eyeballed in four separate trends related post the skills shortage and reading a graph posted by the arthurian at 8 00 am 0 comments following up with alvin c warren on wednesday i quoted alvin warren from the yale law review the unlimited deduction for corporate interest payments originated in 1918 as a temporary measure designed to equalize the effects of the world war i excess profits tax i thought that was interesting so i went back to the jstor page and found this footnote congress thought it was only fair that interest on corporate indebtedness be fully deductible it s not the federal reserve that messed up our economy it s congress and the level of their economic analysis is it s only fair don t blame the fed for our economic troubles blame congress posted by the arthurian at 4 00 am 1 comments thursday october 27 2011 no sir three in a row yesterday all pointing out the debt bias created by the tax code specifically created by the corporate interest deduction a total of four articles considered all of them showing debt bias as a problem but here s something in the noon post i quote james surowiecki companies can write off all the interest on their debt but not things like dividend payments i complained that surowiecki seems to hint that maybe corporations should be able to write off both their dividend payments and their interest payments and i rejected that option for this post i went back and reviewed his article looking for more such hints but found none so that made me happy it s a good article here s the link again in the four o clock post i quoted alvin c warren who points out that no deduction whatsoever is permitted for dividend payments sounds to me like another hint look dividend payments are profit profit is the only part of business income that is taxed that s bad because it skews the playing field in favor of business spending and spending is the device that can generate inflation think about that the next time your utility company gets a price increase approved but it s also wrong because the rule is that profits are taxed you don t get to wiggle out of the rule by comparing dividends to interest costs pretending they re the same and coming down on the side of eliminating taxes on dividends that s changing the subject the subject is corporate interest costs are not taxed and the growth of debt that results from this and similar tax advantages focus on interest costs we ll talk about dividends later i don t know if alvin warren says any more about relieving corporations of the burden of paying tax on their profits jstor provides only the first page of his paper also in my four o clock i looked at pete davis s post just double checked it now he doesn t say anything that sounds to me like he s trying to get another tax break for corporations he s got a good clean statement on the problems created by a tax code that allows deductions for interest costs here s the link again and that leaves waldman my 8 am post i have trouble reading waldman because his paragraphs are too long to fit the space between my ears after the part that i quoted yesterday from his first paragraph waldman writes here s the case in brief see i thought the case in brief was the part i quoted yesterday and then he presents us with four long paragraphs and some medium length ones besides wading through that i get the impression waldman is making the case for the corporate interest cost tax deduction creditors and equityholders are fundamentally the same large scale investment is crucial to a modern economy and getting investors to trust strangers enough to give them their money is hard to overcome some of the trust issues the most nervous sort of investor bondholders are given the business equivalent of a doomsday device to enforce their claim on timely payments if of malice or misfortune a firm fails to pay out as promised bondholders can force a firm into bankruptcy fundamentally the right of bondholders to enforce their claims via bankruptcy is a legal convention we ve developed to encourage socially useful risk taking that partially externalizes the downside risks for some investors the existence of enforceable debt financing is a very good thing it s an essential element of the constellation of institutions by which we are able to fund large scale capital intensive projects without coercion thankfully waldman also says but any state meddling in capital structure ought to tilt the scales towards equity rather than debt financing oooh and this i like well said when firms pay stockholders every dollar an investor receives drops off the firm s balance sheet but when a bondholder receives the same dollar a us firm pays as little as 65 the other 35 is paid for by uncle sam in the form of a tax deduction again that s not altogether on point not for this post but i can t resist including it it s just that good and so we arrive at waldman s last paragraph thankfully a short one and the note that follows it so here s my proposal waldman writes put payments to stockholders and payments to bondholders on a level playing field eliminate the tax deduction for business interest payments i m not sure how much extra revenue this would net the treasury but by ending a perverse incentive for firms and eliminating a large subsidy to the wizards of debt it would pay off hugely in the form of a more stable corporate and financial environment stop after the second sentence here s waldman s proposal put payments to stockholders and payments to bondholders on a level playing field eliminate the tax deduction for business interest payments you might think that eliminating that deduction would bring extra revenue to the treasury but that s not our topic is it anyway the point here is to look at how the interest cost deduction twists and skews the natural economic forces and helps produce an economy burdened with debt an economy whose most successful industry is finance an economy that cannot avoid the crisis that comes when everyone suddenly realizes we have just too much debt i don t care about bringing extra revenue to the treasury plus it s off topic the topic is not how big to make government nor is the topic the federal debt and deficit not whether those are beneficial or harmful the topic is the corporate interest deduction and how it skews the economy so waldman says eliminate the tax deduction for business interest payments and then in the note waldman says another way to level the playing field between debt and equity financing would be to eliminate corporate taxation entirely i d be cool with that too see now he s writing in favor of the corporate interest cost tax deduction he is willing to trade the debt bias for an enhanced supply side bias perhaps waldman doesn t really understand that accumulating debt is the problem he s cool with accumulating debt and rather than focusing on the debt bias he drifts again to revenue considerations as long as it was accompanied by a tax increase elsewhere and then he complicates matters raising a veil of confusion whose incidence is at least as progressive as the corporate tax he ends his note by skewing the reader s heart and really if we are going to socialize the costs of our financial meltdown shouldn t we socialize it disproportionately to the people who gave it to us if you want to understand the economy keep your damn feelings out of it but anyway i m with waldman on this eliminate the tax deduction for business interest payments posted by the arthurian at 4 00 am 4 comments wednesday october 26 2011 and one from page five from the fifth page of google results see my two previous posts how the tax code encourages debt the new yorker the article is the debt economy by james surowiecki it starts with a quote from john kenneth galbraith one i think i recognize from a short history of financial euphoria so i felt like i had an in with the author and i liked the article before i got past the first sentence oh well here s just a small piece of surowiecki s article debt didn t get dangerously out of scale because the system was broken it got out of scale in part because the system worked the government doesn t make people go into debt of course it just nudges them in that direction individuals are able to write off all their mortgage interest up to a million dollars and companies can write off all the interest on their debt but not things like dividend payments this gives the system what economists call a debt bias agreed but this excerpt seems to hint that maybe corporations should be able to write off both their dividend payments and their interest payments no leave dividend payments as they are that s not the problem and make corporate interest payments taxable that will reduce the accumulation of private sector debt and that is what must be done in order to restore growth posted by the arthurian at 12 00 pm 2 comments and third in the google search results third on the list returned by google see my earlier post for numbers 1 and 2 was interfluidity eliminate the business interest tax deduction steve waldman writes eliminate the tax deductibility of interest payments by businesses debt financing externalizes the risks of business activity and magnifies social costs while equity financing concentrates risk among stockholders who signed up to bear it yet under current rules taxpayers literally pay firms to get rid of stockholders and take on ever more debt well said sir posted by the arthurian at 8 00 am 0 comments financial crisis was rooted in the corporate income tax interest deduction good title i borrowed it from capitalgainsandgames pete davis here s what davis wrote the corporate income tax deduction for interest produced a 6 4 tax rate on debt financed investments while the double taxation of equity income dividends and capital gains produced a 36 1 tax on equity financed investments according to this 2005 congressional budget office study borrow and spend to grow your business and you make money by paying your taxes use equity to grow your business and taxes cost you more than 36 something like that i can be sloppy as hell with the numbers...
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