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мокшень, banyumasan, मैथिली, मगही, latviešu, lietuvių, ລາວ, lingála, lombard, ladin, ligure, limburgs, luganda, lingua, franca, nova, лезги, lëtzebuergesch, latina, кыргызча, kernowek, kurdî, کٲشُر, къарачай, малкъар, 한국어, ಕನ್ನಡ, ភាសាខ្មែរ, қазақша, gĩkũyũ, kumoring, tyap, taqbaylit, qaraqalpaqsha, ქართული, jawa, patois, 日本語, italiano, medžuslovjansky, íslenska, ido, гӏалгӏай, ilokano, interlingue, indonesia, jaku, iban, interlingua, արեւմտահայերէն, հայերեն, magyar, kreyòl, ayisyen, hornjoserbsce, hrvatski, fiji, hindi, हिन्दी, עברית, hawaiʻi, 客家語, hak, ngî, hausa, gaelg, gungbe, farefare, ગુજરાતી, ghanaian, pidgin, hulontalo, गोंयची, कोंकणी, gõychi, konknni, avañe, گیلکی
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not add format information for the visually impaired department department regular department or section within the periodical or journal examples include communication editorial letter to the editor and review displays after title and is in plain text edition series volume edition when the publication has more than one edition for example 2nd revised and so forth appends the string ed after the field so edition 2nd produces 2nd ed does not display if a periodical field is defined series or version when the source is part of a series such as a book series or a journal where the issue numbering has restarted volume for one publication published in several volumes displays after the title and series fields volume numbers should be entered just as a numeral e g 37 volume values that are wholly digits wholly uppercase roman numerals or fewer than five characters will appear in bold any alphanumeric value of five or more characters will not appear in bold in rare cases publications carry both an ongoing volume and a year related value if so provide them both for example volume iv 10 publisher publisher name of publisher may be wikilinked 1 if relevant the publisher is the company organization or other legal entity that publishes the work being cited for self published works i e where the publisher is the same as the author or creator state publisher self published 2 do not use the publisher parameter for the name of a work e g a website book encyclopedia newspaper magazine journal etc if the name of the publisher changed over time use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source s publication corporate designations such as ltd inc or gmbh are not usually included this parameter is most commonly used for books and rarely for websites or periodicals although it may be used instead of work in some cases omit where the publisher s name is substantially the same as the name of the work for example the new york times co publishes the new york times newspaper so there is no reason to name the publisher displays after title place for news stories with a dateline the location where the story was written if the name of the location changed over time use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source s publication in earlier versions of the template this was the publication place and for compatibility will be treated as the publication place if the publication place parameter is absent see that parameter for further information alias location publication place geographical place of publication generally not wikilinked omit when the name of the work includes the publication place for example the boston globe the times of india displays after the title if the name of the publication place changed over time use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source s publication if only one of publication place place or location is defined it will be treated as the publication place and will show after the title if publication place and place or location are defined then place or location is shown before the title prefixed with written at and publication place is shown after the title publication date date of publication when different from the date the work was written if date or year is also defined and is different then publication date displays preceded by published and enclosed in parentheses following publisher if date or year is not defined publication date is displayed as date use the same format as other dates in the article do not wikilink via name of the content deliverer if different from publisher via is not a replacement for publisher but provides additional detail it may be used when the article is attributed to a different publication e g in yahoo news but cannot be traced when the content deliverer e g newsbank presents the source in a format different from the original when the url provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer where no url or doi is available e g ebsco host or if the deliverer requests attribution see the access level parameters to display access restrictions and the agency parameters if the original source is a news agency or wire service in source locations for audio and video material where a time stamp is relevant minutes time the event occurs in the source followed by minutes in or time time the event occurs in the source preceded by default text event occurs at time caption changes the default text displayed before time for written material where references to pages or other locations are relevant use only one of page pages or at page the number of a single page in the source that supports the content displays preceded by p unless no pp yes if hyphenated use hyphen to indicate this is intentional e g page 3 hyphen 12 otherwise several editors and semi automated tools will assume this was a misuse of the parameter to indicate a page range and will convert page 3 12 to pages 3 ndash 12 alias p or pages a range of pages in the source that supports the content separate using an en dash separate non sequential pages with a comma do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source displays preceded by pp unless no pp yes hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens for example pp 3 1 3 15 use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of pages without processing it and use hyphen to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended pages 3 hyphen 1 ndash 3 hyphen 15 alternatively use at like this at pp 3 1 ndash 3 15 alias pp no pp set to yes y or true to suppress the p or pp notations where this is inappropriate for example where page front cover or pages passim or at for sources where a page number is not available such as in digital books inappropriate or insufficient this parameter accepts any text but you are normally encouraged to use one out of section sec column col paragraph para track act scene canto book part folio stanza back cover liner notes indicia colophon dust jacket verse for digital books that do not have pages use the at parameter to provide information that would facilitate finding the referenced material in a digital format for print books for page p or pages pp ideally use page or pages possibly in conjunction with no pp yes instead for hours minutes and seconds ideally use minutes or time instead for quote page and quote pages used in conjunction with quote see here identifiers not to be confused with anchor id a unique identifier used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable wikilink or use an external link template as applicable for example id ncj 255676 will append ncj 255676 at the end of the citation you can use templates such as id ncj 255676 to append ncj 255676 instead the following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value using multiple values or other text will break the link and or invalidate the identifier in general the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier e g rfc 822 or pmc 345678 arxiv arxiv identifier for example arxiv hep th 9205027 before april 2007 or arxiv 0706 0001 april 2007 december 2014 or arxiv 1501 00001 since january 2015 do not include extraneous file extensions like pdf or html aliases eprint asin amazon standard identification number if first character of asin value is a digit use isbn because this link favours one specific distributor include it only if standard identifiers are not available example asin b00005n5pf aliases asin asin tld asin top level domain for amazon sites other than the us valid values ae au br ca cn de es fr in it jp mx nl pl sa se sg tr uk aliases none bibcode bibcode used by a number of astronomical data systems for example 1974aj 79 819h aliases none biorxiv biorxiv id as in the entire doi e g 10 1101 078733 for http biorxiv org content early 2016 10 01 078733 or https doi org 10 1101 078733 10 1101 2020 07 24 220400 for https doi org 10 1101 2020 07 24 220400 aliases none citeseerx deprecated citeseerx id a string of digits and dots found in a citeseerx url e g 10 1 1 176 341 for https citeseerx ist psu edu viewdoc summary doi 10 1 1 176 341 aliases none doi digital object identifier for example 10 1038 news070508 7 it is checked to ensure it begins with 10 aliases doi supports accept this as written markup to indicate valid dois using a non standard format see below doi broken date date a valid doi was found to be non working inactive at https doi org use the same format as other dates in the article aliases none eissn international standard serial number for the electronic media of a serial publication eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen but not an en dash or a space example eissn 1557 2986 aliases eissn supports accept this as written markup to indicate valid eissns using a non standard format see below hdl handle system identifier for digital objects and other resources on the internet example hdl 20 1000 100 aliases hdl isbn international standard book number for example 978 0 8126 9593 9 see wikipedia isbn and isbn overview hyphens in the isbn are optional but preferred use the isbn actually printed on or in the book use the 13 digit isbn beginning with 978 or 979 when it is available if only a 10 digit isbn is printed on or in the book use it isbns can be found on the page with the publisher s information usually the back of the title page or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not isbns for sources with the older 9 digit sbn system use sbn do not convert a 10 digit isbn to 13 digit by just adding the 978 prefix the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the isbn invalid this parameter should hold only the isbn without any additional characters it is checked for length invalid characters anything other than numbers spaces and hyphens with x permitted as the last character in a 10 digit isbn and the proper check digit aliases isbn use the format isbn template within the parameter in the form isbn format isbn 9780812695939 if you are unsure of how any particular isbn should be hyphenated as the pattern varies by country and publisher supports accept this as written markup to indicate valid isbns using a non standard format see below ismn international standard music number for example 979 0 9016791 7 7 hyphens or spaces in the ismn are optional use the ismn actually printed on or in the work this parameter should hold only the ismn without any additional characters it is checked for length invalid characters anything other than numbers spaces and hyphens and the proper check digit aliases ismn issn international standard serial number eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen but not an en dash or a space example issn 2049 3630 aliases issn supports accept this as written markup to indicate valid issns using a non standard format see below jfm jahrbuch über die fortschritte der mathematik do not include jfm in the value example jfm 53 0144 01 aliases jfm jstor jstor reference number for example jstor 3793107 aliases jstor lccn library of congress control number when present alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case and without a space example lccn 79 57364 or lccn 2004042477 or lccn e09001178 aliases lccn mr mathematical reviews example mr 630583 aliases mr oclc oclc number for looking up publications in the worldcat union catalog example oclc 9355469 aliases oclc ol open library identifier do not include ol in the value example ol 7030731m aliases ol osti office of scientific and technical information example osti 4367507 aliases osti pmc pubmed central use article number for open repository full text of a journal article e g pmc 345678 do not include pmc in the value see also the pmid parameter below these are two different identifiers aliases pmc pmc embargo date date that pmc goes live if this date is in the future then pmc is not linked until that date aliases none pmid pubmed use unique identifier example pmid 17322060 see also the pmc parameter above these are two different identifiers aliases pmid rfc request for comments example rfc 3143 aliases rfc sbn standard book number example sbn 356 02201 3 aliases sbn supports accept this as written markup to indicate valid sbns using a non standard format see below ssrn social science research network example ssrn 1900856 aliases ssrn s2cid semantic scholar corpus id example s2cid 37220927 aliases s2cid zbl zentralblatt math example zbl 0472 53010 for zbmath search results like jfm 35 0387 02 use jfm 35 0387 02 aliases zbl in very rare cases identifiers are published which do not follow their defined standard format or use non conforming checksums these would typically cause an error message to be shown do not alter them to match a different checksum in order to suppress the error message some identifiers doi eissn isbn issn and sbn support a special accept this as written markup which can be applied to disable the error checking as param value if the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third party source correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message for some identifiers it is possible to specify the access status using the corresponding param access parameter for cite journal some identifiers specifying free resources will automatically be linked to the title when url and title link are not used to specify a different link target this behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for title link to manually select a specific source title link pmc or title link doi for auto linking or to disable the feature title link none it is not necessary to specify a url to a link identical to a link also produced by an identifier the url parameter or title link can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or a convenience link to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible subscription or registration required shortcut wp urlaccess wp urlaccess citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in wikipedia as documented in verifiability access to sources as a courtesy to readers and other editors editors should signal restrictions on access to material provided via the external links included in a citation these levels describe requirements or constraints related to accessing and viewing the cited material they are not intended to indicate the ability to reuse or the copyright status of the material since that status is not relevant to verifying claims in articles four access levels can be used access indicator for named identifiers free the source is free to read for anyone access indicators for url holding parameters registration a free registration with the provider is required t...
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