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d that adopting the technology could further lower carbon dioxide emissions since 3d printing creates localized production thus reducing the need to transport products and the emissions associated 241 am could also allow consumers to create their own replacement parts to fix purchased products to extend the lifespan of purchased products 242 by making only the bare structural necessities of products additive manufacturing also has the potential to make profound contributions to lightweighting 238 the use of these lightweight components would allow for reductions in the energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of vehicles and other forms of transportation 243 a case study on an airplane component made using additive manufacturing for example found that the use of the component saves 63 of relevant energy and carbon dioxide emissions over the course of the product s lifetime 244 however the adoption of additive manufacturing also has environmental disadvantages firstly am has a high energy consumption compared to traditional processes this is due to its use of processes such as lasers and high temperatures for product creation 245 secondly despite additive manufacturing reducing up to 90 of waste compared to subtractive manufacturing am can generate waste that is non recyclable 246 for example there are issues with the recyclability of materials in metal am as some highly regulated industries such as aerospace often insist on using virgin powder in the creation of safety critical components 238 additive manufacturing has not yet reached its theoretical material efficiency potential of 97 but it may get closer as the technology continues to increase productivity 247 despite the drawbacks research and industry are making further strides to support am s sustainability some large fdm printers that melt high density polyethylene hdpe pellets may also accept sufficiently clean recycled material such as chipped milk bottles in addition these printers can use shredded material from faulty builds or unsuccessful prototype versions thus reducing overall project wastage and materials handling and storage the concept has been explored in the recyclebot 248 there are also industrial efforts to produce metal powder from recycled metals 249 see also manufacturing portal 3d bioprinting 3d concrete printing 3d food printing 3d manufacturing format 3d printer cabinet 3d printing marketplace 3d printing speed 3d printing in india astroprint bambu lab bubblegram cloud manufacturing computer numeric control construction 3d printing delta robot fdm printing file formats fraunhofer competence field additive manufacturing fusion3 health and safety hazards of 3d printing homing mechanical moving a mechanical system to a reference position common start up procedure in 3d printers laser cutting limbitless solutions list of 3d printer manufacturers list of 3d printing software list of common 3d test models list of emerging technologies list of notable 3d 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