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the (215), and (126), user (58), gui (57), #interface (54), for (45), with (39), graphical (37), #interfaces (30), computer (28), retrieved (28), system (26), are (25), windows (24), was (22), guis (22), edit (21), which (21), desktop (20), based (19), command (19), from (18), wimp (18), this (17), line (17), devices (17), such (17), information (16), window (16), other (16), use (15), archived (15), interaction (14), design (14), text (13), history (13), systems (13), apple (13), used (13), users (13), xerox (12), microsoft (12), may (11), computers (11), machine (11), applications (11), that (11), can (11), elements (11), many (11), operating (10), software (10), manager (10), com (10), post (10), environment (10), also (10), icons (10), mobile (9), wayback (9), graphics (9), 2011 (9), not (9), usually (9), main (9), available (8), environments (8), display (8), application (8), visual (8), wikipedia (7), using (7), all (7), human (7), personal (7), virtual (7), 2022 (7), original 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thus most current guis have largely common idioms an apple lisa 1983 demonstrating the lisa office system lisaos which featured apple computer s first commercially available gui popularization edit hp lx system manager running on a hp 200lx the early 1980s saw growing interest in guis the apple lisa was released in 1983 but was expensive and commercially unsuccessful individual applications for many platforms presented their own gui variants 27 despite the gui s advantages many reviewers questioned the value of the entire concept 28 citing hardware limits and problems in finding compatible software in 1984 apple introduced the macintosh via the 1984 television commercial during super bowl xviii 29 with allusions to george orwell s novel nineteen eighty four the goal of the commercial was to make people think about computers identifying the user friendly interface as a personal computer which departed from prior business oriented systems 30 and becoming a signature representation of apple products 31 the 1985 atari st shipped with the gem gui from digital research which was also published for ms dos the amiga 1000 was released the same year though not widely available until 1986 with the workbench graphical desktop this interface ran as a separate task meaning it was very responsive and unlike other guis of the time it did not freeze up when a program was busy windows 95 accompanied by an extensive marketing campaign 32 was a major success in the marketplace at launch and shortly became the most popular desktop operating system 33 in 2007 with the iphone 34 and later in 2010 with the introduction of the ipad 35 apple popularized the post wimp style of interaction for multi touch screens and those devices were considered to be milestones in the development of mobile devices 36 37 the guis familiar to most people as of the mid late 2010s are windows macos and the x window system interfaces for desktop and laptop computers and android apple s ios symbian blackberry os windows phone windows 10 mobile tizen webos and firefox os for handheld smartphone devices 38 39 comparison to other interfaces edit people said it s more of a right brain machine and all that i think there is some truth to that i think there is something to dealing in a graphical interface and a more kinetic interface you re really moving information around you re seeing it move as though it had substance and you don t see that on a pc the pc is very much of a conceptual machine you move information around the way you move formulas elements on either side of an equation i think there s a difference andrew fluegelman on the macintosh 1985 40 command line interfaces edit a modern command line interface cli since the commands available in command line interfaces can be many complex operations can be performed using a short sequence of words and symbols custom functions may be used to facilitate access to frequent actions command line interfaces are more lightweight as they only recall information necessary for a task for example no preview thumbnails or graphical rendering of web pages this allows greater efficiency and productivity once many commands are learned 4 but reaching this level takes some time because the command words may not be easily discoverable or mnemonic also using the command line can become slow and error prone when users must enter long commands comprising many parameters or several different filenames at once however windows icons menus pointer wimp interfaces present users with many widgets that represent and can trigger some of the system s available commands guis can be made quite hard when dialogs are buried deep in a system or moved about to different places during redesigns also icons and dialog boxes are usually harder for users to script wimps extensively use modes as the meaning of all keys and clicks on specific positions on the screen are redefined all the time command line interfaces use modes only in limited forms such as for current directory and environment variables most modern operating systems provide both a gui and some level of a cli although the guis usually receive more attention gui wrappers edit this section does not cite any sources please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed june 2026 learn how and when to remove this message gui wrappers find a way around the command line interface versions cli of typically linux and unix like software applications and their text based uis or typed command labels while command line or text based applications allow users to run a program non interactively gui wrappers atop them avoid the steep learning curve of the command line which requires commands to be typed on the keyboard by starting a gui wrapper users can intuitively interact with start stop and change its working parameters through graphical icons and visual indicators of a desktop environment for example applications may also provide both interfaces and when they do the gui is usually a wimp wrapper around the command line version this is especially common with applications designed for unix like operating systems the latter used to be implemented first because it allowed the developers to focus exclusively on their product s functionality without bothering about interface details such as designing icons and placing buttons designing programs this way also allows users to run the program in a shell script three dimensional graphical user interface edit this section is about uniquely software 3d uis for both software and hardware 3d input output devices see 3d uis many environments and games use the methods of 3d graphics to project 3d gui objects onto the screen the use of 3d graphics has become increasingly common in mainstream operating systems ex windows aero and aqua macos to create attractive interfaces termed eye candy which includes for example the use of drop shadows underneath windows and the cursor or for functional purposes only possible using three dimensions for example user switching is represented by rotating a cube with faces representing each user s workspace and window management is represented via a rolodex style flipping mechanism in windows vista see windows flip 3d in both cases the operating system transforms windows on the fly while continuing to update the content of those windows the gui is usually wimp based although occasionally other metaphors surface such as those used in microsoft bob 3dwm file system navigator file system visualizer 3d mailbox 41 42 and gophervr zooming zui is a related technology that promises to deliver the representation benefits of 3d environments without their usability drawbacks of orientation problems and hidden objects in 2006 hillcrest labs introduced the first zui for television 43 other innovations include the menus on the playstation 2 the menus on the xbox sun s project looking glass metisse which was similar to project looking glass 44 bumptop where users can manipulate documents and windows with realistic movement and physics as if they were physical documents croquet os which is built for collaboration 45 and compositing window managers such as enlightenment and compiz augmented reality and virtual reality also make use of 3d gui elements 46 in science fiction edit 3d guis have appeared in science fiction literature and films even before certain technologies were feasible or in common use 47 in prose fiction 3d guis have been portrayed as immersible environments coined as william gibson s cyberspace and neal stephenson s metaverse and avatars the 1993 american film jurassic park features silicon graphics 3d file manager file system navigator a real life file manager for unix operating systems the film minority report has scenes of police officers using specialized 3d data systems see also edit apple computer inc v microsoft corp console user interface computer icon distinguishable interfaces general graphics interface software project gui tree human factors and ergonomics look and feel natural user interface ncurses object oriented user interface organic user interface rich web application skeuomorph text entry interface transportable applications environment user experience design user interface design vector based graphical user interface notes edit ˈ ɡ uː i 1 2 goo ee ˈ dʒ iː j uː aɪ jee yoo eye 3 references edit wells john 2009 longman pronunciation dictionary 3rd ed pearson longman isbn 978 1 4058 8118 0 how to pronounce gui in english cambridge dictionary retrieved 2020 04 03 gui merriam webster com dictionary merriam webster oclc 1032680871 retrieved 2024 12 07 1 2 command line vs gui computer hope retrieved 2020 04 03 the gui versus the command line which is better part 1 microsoft com operations microsoft learn 2007 03 12 retrieved 2024 01 30 the gui versus the command line which is better part 2 microsoft com operations microsoft learn 2007 03 26 retrieved 2024 01 30 graphical user interface sciencedaily retrieved 2019 05 09 levy steven graphical user interface gui britannica com retrieved 2019 06 12 gui pc magazine encyclopedia pcmag com retrieved 2019 06 12 greg wilson 2006 off with their huds rethinking the heads up display in console game design gamasutra archived from the original on january 19 2010 retrieved february 14 2006 gui definition linux information project october 1 2004 retrieved 12 november 2008 chrome www catb org retrieved 2020 04 03 nielsen jakob january 29 2012 browser and gui chrome nngroup archived from the original on august 25 2012 retrieved may 20 2012 martinez wendy l 2011 02 23 graphical user interfaces graphical user interfaces wiley interdisciplinary reviews computational statistics 3 2 119 133 doi 10 1002 wics 150 s2cid 60467930 bisson giselle the viewtouch restaurant system what is a graphical user interface gui ionos digitalguide 14 september 2020 retrieved 2022 02 25 babich nick 30 may 2020 mobile ux design list view and grid view medium retrieved 4 september 2021 van dam a 2000 beyond wimp ieee computer graphics and applications 20 50 51 doi 10 1109 38 814559 reality based interaction a framework for post wimp interfaces lieberman henry a creative programming environment remixed mit media lab cambridge salha nader aesthetics and art in the early development of human computer interfaces archived 2020 08 07 at the wayback machine october 2012 smith david 1975 pygmalion a creative programming environment the first guis xerox star user interface demonstration 1982 visicorp visi on the visi on product was not intended for the home user it was designed and priced for high end corporate workstations the hardware it required was quite a bit for 1983 it required a minimum of 512k of ram and a hard drive 5 megs of space a windows retrospective pc magazine jan 2009 ziff davis january 2009 magic desk i for commodore 64 sandberg diment erik 1984 12 25 value of windowing is questioned the new york times friedman ted october 1997 apple s 1984 the introduction of the macintosh in the cultural history of personal computers archived from the original on october 5 1999 friedman ted 2005 chapter 5 1984 electric dreams computers in american culture new york university press isbn 978 0 8147 2740 9 retrieved october 6 2011 grote patrick october 29 2006 review of pirates of silicon valley movie dotjournal com archived from the original on november 7 2006 retrieved january 24 2014 washington post august 24 1995 with windows 95 s debut microsoft scales heights of hype washington post retrieved november 8 2013 computers timeline of computer history computer history museum www computerhistory org retrieved 2017 04 02 mather john imania ryerson review of journalism february 19 2007 retrieved february 19 2007 the ipad could finally spark demand for the hitherto unsuccessful tablet pc eaton nick the ipad tablet pc market defined archived 2011 02 01 at the wayback machine seattle post intelligencer 2010 bright peter ballmer and microsoft still doesn t get the ipad ars technica 2010 the ipad s victory in defining the tablet what it means infoworld 2011 07 05 hanson cody w 2011 03 17 chapter 2 mobile devices in 2011 library technology reports 47 2 11 23 issn 0024 2586 what is a graphical user interface definition and faqs omnisci omnisci com retrieved 2022 01 26 erokan dennis may 1985 andrew fluegelman pc talk and beyond microtimes pp 19 26 retrieved 2025 03 12 3d mailbox 3 dimensional email software bring e mail to life email just got cool and fun 3dmailbox com archived from the original on 2019 07 21 retrieved 2022 07 14 3d mailbox download com 14 february 2017 retrieved 2022 07 14 macworld com november 11 2006 dan moren ces unveiled ny 07 point and click coming to set top boxes archived 2011 11 08 at the wayback machine metisse new looking glass alternative 29 june 2004 retrieved 2 july 2020 smith david a kay alan raab andreas reed david p croquet a collaboration system architecture pdf croquetconsortium org archived from the original pdf on 2007 09 27 retrieved 2022 09 17 the efforts at xerox parc under the leadership of alan kay that drove the development of powerful bit mapped display based user interfaces was key in some ways all we are doing here is extending this model to 3d and adding a new robust object collaboration model purwar sourabh 2019 03 04 designing user experience for virtual reality vr applications medium retrieved 2022 05 06 dayton tom object oriented guis are the future openmct blog archived from the original on 10 august 2014 retrieved 23 august 2012 external links edit look up graphical user interface in wiktionary the free dictionary wikimedia commons has media related to graphical user interfaces evolution of graphical user interface in last 50 years by raj lal the men who really invented the gui at the wayback machine archived 2011 08 16 by clive akass graphical user interface gallery screenshots of various guis marcin wichary s guidebook graphical user interface gallery over 5500 screenshots of gui application and icon history the real history of the gui at the wayback machine archived 2004 03 09 by mike tuck in the beginning was the command line at the wayback machine archived 2009 06 05 by neal stephenson 3d graphical user interfaces at the wayback machine archived 2017 08 29 pdf by farid benhajji and erik dybner department of computer and systems sciences stockholm university topological analysis of the gibbs energy function liquid liquid equilibrium correlation data including a thermodinamic review and a graphical user interface gui for surfaces tie lines hessian matrix analysis university of alicante reyes labarta et al 2015 18 innovative ways to use information visualization across a variety of fields archived 2024 06 20 at the wayback machine by ryan erwin digital marketing specialist cllax 2022 05 v t e desktop environments and window managers based on x or wayland desktop environments comparison gtk based budgie cinnamon g...
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