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umber of pages in the source displays preceded by pp unless no pp yes hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens for example pp 3 1 3 15 use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of pages without processing it and use hyphen to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended pages 3 hyphen 1 ndash 3 hyphen 15 alternatively use at like this at pp 3 1 ndash 3 15 alias pp no pp set to yes y or true to suppress the p or pp notations where this is inappropriate for example where page front cover or pages passim or at for sources where a page number is not available such as in digital books inappropriate or insufficient this parameter accepts any text but you are normally encouraged to use one out of section sec column col paragraph para track act scene canto book part folio stanza back cover liner notes indicia colophon dust jacket verse for digital books that do not have pages use the at parameter to provide information that would facilitate finding the referenced material in a digital format for print books for page p or pages pp ideally use page or pages possibly in conjunction with no pp yes instead for hours minutes and seconds ideally use minutes or time instead for quote page and quote pages used in conjunction with quote see here identifiers not to be confused with anchor id a unique identifier used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable wikilink or use an external link template as applicable for example id ncj 255676 will append ncj 255676 at the end of the citation you can use templates such as id ncj 255676 to append ncj 255676 instead the following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value using multiple values or other text will break the link and or invalidate the identifier in general the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier e g rfc 822 or pmc 345678 arxiv arxiv identifier for example arxiv hep th 9205027 before april 2007 or arxiv 0706 0001 april 2007 december 2014 or arxiv 1501 00001 since january 2015 do not include extraneous file extensions like pdf or html aliases eprint asin amazon standard identification number if first character of asin value is a digit use isbn because this link favours one specific distributor include it only if standard identifiers are not available example asin b00005n5pf aliases asin asin tld asin top level domain for amazon sites other than the us valid values ae au br ca cn de es fr in it jp mx nl pl sa se sg tr uk aliases none bibcode bibcode used by a number of astronomical data systems for example 1974aj 79 819h aliases none biorxiv biorxiv id as in the entire doi e g 10 1101 078733 for http biorxiv org content early 2016 10 01 078733 or https doi org 10 1101 078733 10 1101 2020 07 24 220400 for https doi org 10 1101 2020 07 24 220400 aliases none citeseerx deprecated citeseerx id a string of digits and dots found in a citeseerx url e g 10 1 1 176 341 for https citeseerx ist psu edu viewdoc summary doi 10 1 1 176 341 aliases none doi digital object identifier for example 10 1038 news070508 7 it is checked to ensure it begins with 10 aliases doi supports accept this as written markup to indicate valid dois using a non standard format see below doi broken date date a valid doi was found to be non working inactive at https doi org use the same format as other dates in the article aliases none eissn international standard serial number for the electronic media of a serial publication eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen but not an en dash or a space example eissn 1557 2986 aliases eissn supports accept this as written markup to indicate valid eissns using a non standard format see below hdl handle system identifier for digital objects and other resources on the internet example hdl 20 1000 100 aliases hdl isbn international standard book number for example 978 0 8126 9593 9 see wikipedia isbn and isbn overview hyphens in the isbn are optional but preferred use the isbn actually printed on or in the book use the 13 digit isbn beginning with 978 or 979 when it is available if only a 10 digit isbn is printed on or in the book use it isbns can be found on the page with the publisher s information usually the back of the title page or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not isbns for sources with the older 9 digit sbn system use sbn do not convert a 10 digit isbn to 13 digit by just adding the 978 prefix the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the isbn invalid this parameter should hold only the isbn without any additional characters it is checked for length invalid characters anything other than numbers spaces and hyphens with x permitted as the last character in a 10 digit isbn and the proper check digit aliases isbn use the format isbn template within the parameter in the form isbn format isbn 9780812695939 if you are unsure of how any particular isbn should be hyphenated as the pattern varies by country and publisher supports accept this as written markup to indicate valid isbns using a non standard format see below ismn international standard music number for example 979 0 9016791 7 7 hyphens or spaces in the ismn are optional use the ismn actually printed on or in the work this parameter should hold only the ismn without any additional characters it is checked for length invalid characters anything other than numbers spaces and hyphens and the proper check digit aliases ismn issn international standard serial number eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen but not an en dash or a space example issn 2049 3630 aliases issn supports accept this as written markup to indicate valid issns using a non standard format see below jfm jahrbuch über die fortschritte der mathematik do not include jfm in the value example jfm 53 0144 01 aliases jfm jstor jstor reference number for example jstor 3793107 aliases jstor lccn library of congress control number when present alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case and without a space example lccn 79 57364 or lccn 2004042477 or lccn e09001178 aliases lccn mr mathematical reviews example mr 630583 aliases mr oclc oclc number for looking up publications in the worldcat union catalog example oclc 9355469 aliases oclc ol open library identifier do not include ol in the value example ol 7030731m aliases ol osti office of scientific and technical information example osti 4367507 aliases osti pmc pubmed central use article number for open repository full text of a journal article e g pmc 345678 do not include pmc in the value see also the pmid parameter below these are two different identifiers aliases pmc pmc embargo date date that pmc goes live if this date is in the future then pmc is not linked until that date aliases none pmid pubmed use unique identifier example pmid 17322060 see also the pmc parameter above these are two different identifiers aliases pmid rfc request for comments example rfc 3143 aliases rfc sbn standard book number example sbn 356 02201 3 aliases sbn supports accept this as written markup to indicate valid sbns using a non standard format see below ssrn social science research network example ssrn 1900856 aliases ssrn s2cid semantic scholar corpus id example s2cid 37220927 aliases s2cid zbl zentralblatt math example zbl 0472 53010 for zbmath search results like jfm 35 0387 02 use jfm 35 0387 02 aliases zbl in very rare cases identifiers are published which do not follow their defined standard format or use non conforming checksums these would typically cause an error message to be shown do not alter them to match a different checksum in order to suppress the error message some identifiers doi eissn isbn issn and sbn support a special accept this as written markup which can be applied to disable the error checking as param value if the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third party source correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message for some identifiers it is possible to specify the access status using the corresponding param access parameter for cite journal some identifiers specifying free resources will automatically be linked to the title when url and title link are not used to specify a different link target this behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for title link to manually select a specific source title link pmc or title link doi for auto linking or to disable the feature title link none it is not necessary to specify a url to a link identical to a link also produced by an identifier the url parameter or title link can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or a convenience link to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible subscription or registration required shortcut wp urlaccess wp urlaccess citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in wikipedia as documented in verifiability access to sources as a courtesy to readers and other editors editors should signal restrictions on access to material provided via the external links included in a citation these levels describe requirements or constraints related to accessing and viewing the cited material they are not intended to indicate the ability to reuse or the copyright status of the material since that status is not relevant to verifying claims in articles four access levels can be used access indicator for named identifiers free the source is free to read for anyone access indicators for url holding parameters registration a free registration with the provider is required to access the source even if a limited preview abstract or review may still be available without registration limited free access is subject to limited trial and a subscription is normally required subscription the source is only accessible via a paid subscription with the provider of the source paywall as there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation each value is attributed to a specific external link access indicators for url holding parameters see also wp conlink online sources linked by url article url chapter url contribution url entry url map url and section url are presumed to be free to read when they are not free to read editors should mark those sources with the matching access indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation because the sources linked by these url holding parameters are presumed to be free to read they are not marked as free if the registration limited subscription access to the source goes dead and is no longer available then remove the access indicator parameter and add archive url and archive date values if possible url holding and access indicator parameters url access allowed keywords url url access registration limited subscription article url article url access chapter url chapter url access contribution url contribution url access entry url entry url access map url map url access section url section url access for example this cites a web page that requires registration but not subscription cite web url https example com nifty_data php url access registration date 2021 04 15 title nifty example data which renders as nifty example data 2021 04 15 access indicator for named identifiers shortcut wp doiaccess wp doiaccess links inserted by named identifiers are presumed to lie behind a paywall or registration barrier exceptions listed below when they are free to read editors should mark those sources with the matching access indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation to be clear these should be flagged when the databases themselves host the free document not merely a link to another database that hosts them for example the following citation has 3 identifiers a doi a pmcid and a pmid velmovitsky pedro elkind kirolos merna alencar paulo leatherdale scott cowan donald morita plinio pelegrini 2024 leveraging mhealth technologies for public health jmir public health and surveillance 10 e49719 doi 10 2196 49719 pmc 11427850 pmid 39265164 clicking on the doi takes you to a page where the full paper is freely accessible so flagging with doi access free is appropriated the pmcid link also takes you to a page where the full paper is freely accessible and is likewise automatically flagged as free as virtually all pmcid links are free the pmid link however only takes you to a page that contains links to free versions of the paper the doi link and the pmcid link but does not host a free version itself therefore it is not flagged as free named identifier and access indicator parameters identifier access allowed keywords bibcode bibcode access free doi doi access hdl hdl access jstor jstor access ol ol access osti osti access ssrn ssrn access s2cid s2cid access some named identifiers are always free to read for those named identifiers there are no access indicator parameters the access level is automatically indicated by the template these named identifiers are arxiv biorxiv citeseerx medrxiv pmc rfc for an embargoed pmc that will become available in the future see pmc embargo date when the sources linked by these named identifier parameters are not presumed to carry a free to read full text for instance because they re just abstracting services host paywalled reviews or give only basic information about the source they may not be marked as limited registration or subscription those named identifiers are asin asin tld issn e issn isbn ismn jfm lccn mr oclc pmid sbn zbl tracking of free dois the template is able to recognize known free to read doi registrants based on a list in module citation cs1 configuration once a free registrant is identified the 10 xxxx part of the doi associated with the registrant can be added to the list under local function build_free_doi_registrants_table if doi access free is not set it will place the page in category cs1 maint unflagged free doi which is routinely cleared by user citation bot the template is also able to recognize known free to read journals assuming they have a clear 10 xxxx yyyy doi pattern once that pattern is identified it can be added to module citation cs1 configuration under local extended_registrants_t with the format xxxx yyyy if there are multiple journals with the same doi prefix they can be grouped together with the format xxxx yyyy zzzz if you add a free registrant free journal to the lists in module citation cs1 configuration leave a note at user talk citation bot so the bot knows about it quote quote relevant text quoted from the source displays enclosed in quotes when supplied the citation terminator a period by default is suppressed so the quote must include ter...
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