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awapuni were underwater with residents evacuating to higher ground peaked at 5 8m in 1940 the māori battalion was formed in palmerston north and trained at the showgrounds now arena manawatu in 1942 linton army camp was established after the war the city s growth was rapid in 1949 the city s boundaries had extended to include milson and kelvin grove 22 in 1953 the boundaries would further extend to include awapuni 22 which in the same year was again flooded by the manawatū river along with hokowhitu it was the largest flood since 1902 although work had started in 1926 it was not until 1959 the milson deviation of the north island main trunk was opened this meant future trains would pass to the north of the city instead of through the square later in 1963 the railway station at tremaine avenue opens the last trains passed through the square in 1964 in 1961 the highbury was added to the council area 22 in 1963 massey university college of manawatu was formed by the amalgamation of the massey agricultural college with the palmerston north university college in 1964 it became massey university an autonomous tertiary learning institution with the power to grant its own degrees in 1967 city boundaries were again extended to include land in aokautere kelvin grove milson amberley westbrook and awapuni as part of future growth for the next 25 years 22 in 1969 volunteers established the esplanade scenic railway at victoria esplanade the railway features a 2 2 km 1 4 mi miniature railway track offering 20 minute rides through native bush 23 in 1970 the new zealand rugby museum was established and a tribute to the founding father of rugby in new zealand charles munro was opened at massey university cenotaph and clock tower in the centre of the square in 1971 a competition to design a civic building for the vacant railway land at the square was won by wellington architects maurice and john patience the resulting building was finished in 1979 in 1976 the manawatu and oroua rivers flooded 24 hour rainfall records in feilding and palmerston north were exceeded and some residents from both locations were evacuated in 1977 palmerston north city council celebrated its centenary of municipal government the queen and the duke of edinburgh are among visitors to palmerston north on 1 november 1989 new zealand local government authorities were reorganised palmerston north city boundaries were extended to include ashhurst linton and turitea through amalgamation of parts of the former kairanga county oroua county and ashhurst town council on 1 july 2012 bunnythorpe longburn part of the area around kairanga and an area around ashhurst were transferred from the manawatū district to palmerston north city 24 25 geography edit looking northeast towards the ruahine range from anzac park manawatu river from anzac cliffs although the land palmerston north is situated on is bounded by the lofty ruahine and tararua ranges in the east and south respectively the city has a predominantly flat appearance the occasional rise in elevation occurs further away from the river and is especially pronounced in the north and northeast and also on the south side of the river the typical urban area elevation ranges between 20 and 40 metres 65 130 ft above sea level the highest point is 760 metres 2 493 ft above sea level this is in the tararua ranges south east of scotts road 26 the lowest point is 10 metres 33 ft above sea level this is at the river bank near te puna road incidentally both these locations are in the south west of the city by linton there are 5 54 square kilometres 1 369 acres dedicated to public reserves the length of the manawatū river within the city boundary is 29 9 kilometres 18 6 mi and its tributary at ashhurst the pohangina is 2 6 kilometres 1 6 mi administrative divisions edit palmerston north city consists of the following populated places i e suburbs towns localities settlements communities hamlets etc the template below col begin is being considered for deletion see templates for discussion to help reach a consensus aokautere ashhurst awapuni bunnythorpe cloverlea fitzherbert highbury hokowhitu kelvin grove linton longburn milson palmerston north central papaioea roslyn takaro terrace end turitea west end westbrook whakarongo climate edit palmerston north s climate is temperate köppen cfb with warm summer afternoon temperatures of 20 22 c 72 f in summer and 12 c 54 f in winter on average temperatures rise above 25 c 77 f on 20 days of the year annual rainfall is approximately 960 mm 37 8 in with rain occurring approximately 5 of the time there are on average 200 rain free days each year 27 in the ranges that flank the city there is often sustained wind especially in spring much of this land is within the city boundaries and these ranges have the reputation of providing the most consistent wind in the country 28 close to the city is the largest electricity generating series of wind farms in the southern hemisphere with 286 turbines in the tararua and ruahine ranges providing power for approximately 50 000 homes climate data for palmerston north 1991 2020 normals extremes 1928 present month jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec year record high c f 32 5 90 5 33 0 91 4 31 3 88 3 28 4 83 1 25 6 78 1 20 9 69 6 19 6 67 3 22 8 73 0 22 4 72 3 26 2 79 2 28 7 83 7 31 7 89 1 33 0 91 4 mean maximum c f 28 3 82 9 28 0 82 4 26 9 80 4 23 6 74 5 20 8 69 4 17 9 64 2 16 7 62 1 17 5 63 5 19 6 67 3 21 3 70 3 24 1 75 4 26 3 79 3 29 3 84 7 mean daily maximum c f 22 6 72 7 23 2 73 8 21 6 70 9 18 7 65 7 16 0 60 8 13 5 56 3 12 9 55 2 13 8 56 8 15 1 59 2 16 5 61 7 18 3 64 9 20 9 69 6 17 8 64 0 daily mean c f 17 9 64 2 18 4 65 1 16 7 62 1 14 0 57 2 11 7 53 1 9 4 48 9 8 8 47 8 9 5 49 1 11 0 51 8 12 5 54 5 14 0 57 2 16 5 61 7 13 4 56 1 mean daily minimum c f 13 1 55 6 13 6 56 5 11 7 53 1 9 2 48 6 7 3 45 1 5 2 41 4 4 7 40 5 5 2 41 4 6 8 44 2 8 4 47 1 9 7 49 5 12 1 53 8 8 9 48 0 mean minimum c f 5 8 42 4 7 1 44 8 4 5 40 1 1 8 35 2 0 6 30 9 1 6 29 1 2 0 28 4 1 1 30 0 0 4 31 3 0 8 33 4 2 7 36 9 5 7 42 3 2 8 27 0 record low c f 0 5 32 9 0 0 32 0 1 5 29 3 3 6 25 5 3 9 25 0 6 9 19 6 6 7 19 9 6 0 21 2 3 9 25 0 3 6 25 5 2 1 28 2 0 0 32 0 6 9 19 6 average rainfall mm inches 58 7 2 31 68 6 2 70 57 4 2 26 83 6 3 29 87 2 3 43 95 5 3 76 87 5 3 44 83 5 3 29 89 0 3 50 96 3 3 79 86 3 3 40 89 9 3 54 983 5 38 71 average rainy days 1 0 mm 8 2 6 8 7 3 9 1 10 4 12 0 11 6 12 7 11 8 12 4 9 9 10 2 122 4 average relative humidity 77 2 78 1 80 7 80 9 85 7 87 8 87 4 84 9 78 9 80 5 77 2 76 6 81 3 mean monthly sunshine hours 207 3 186 5 184 1 146 3 116 0 91 3 110 9 126 1 130 4 139 1 163 4 170 3 1 771 7 mean daily daylight hours 14 7 13 6 12 3 11 0 9 9 9 3 9 6 10 6 11 8 13 2 14 4 15 0 12 1 percentage possible sunshine 45 49 48 44 38 33 37 38 37 34 38 37 40 source 1 niwa climate data 29 30 source 2 weather spark 31 demographics edit palmerston north territorial authority edit palmerston north city covers 394 74 km 2 152 41 sq mi 4 and had an estimated population of 90 500 as of june 2025 5 with a population density of 229 people per km 2 this comprises 81 200 people in the palmerston north urban area 3 350 people in the ashhurst urban area and 5 950 people in the surrounding settlements and rural area historical population for the territorial authority year pop p a 1996 76 000 2001 75 900 0 03 2006 77 727 0 48 2013 80 079 0 43 2018 84 639 1 11 2023 87 090 0 57 source 32 33 34 palmerston north city had a population of 87 090 in the 2023 new zealand census an increase of 2 451 people 2 9 since the 2018 census and an increase of 7 011 people 8 8 since the 2013 census there were 42 453 males 44 166 females and 471 people of other genders in 31 776 dwellings 35 4 1 of people identified as lgbtiq the median age was 35 7 years compared with 38 1 years nationally there were 16 899 people 19 4 aged under 15 years 19 401 22 3 aged 15 to 29 37 125 42 6 aged 30 to 64 and 13 665 15 7 aged 65 or older 34 largest groups of overseas born residents 36 nationality population 2018 england 2 748 india 1 539 china 1 440 australia 1 155 south africa 903 philippines 693 fiji 528 united states 468 samoa 441 malaysia 390 people could identify as more than one ethnicity the results were 73 8 european pākehā 20 7 māori 5 9 pasifika 14 4 asian 1 7 middle eastern latin american and african new zealanders melaa and 2 4 other which includes people giving their ethnicity as new zealander english was spoken by 95 7 māori language by 5 0 samoan by 1 0 and other languages by 14 2 no language could be spoken by 2 2 e g too young to talk new zealand sign language was known by 0 9 the percentage of people born overseas was 21 8 compared with 28 8 nationally religious affiliations were 31 9 christian 2 2 hindu 1 8 islam 1 1 māori religious beliefs 1 1 buddhist 0 5 new age 0 1 jewish and 1 6 other religions people who answered that they had no religion were 52 8 and 7 0 of people did not answer the census question of those at least 15 years old 13 860 19 7 people had a bachelor s or higher degree 37 113 52 9 had a post high school certificate or diploma and 15 489 22 1 people exclusively held high school qualifications the median income was 40 800 compared with 41 500 nationally 6 591 people 9 4 earned over 100 000 compared to 12 1 nationally the employment status of those at least 15 was that 35 859 51 1 people were employed full time 9 570 13 6 were part time and 2 154 3 1 were unemployed 34 population density in the 2023 census palmerston north urban area edit palmerston north s urban area covers 77 05 km 2 29 75 sq mi 4 and had an estimated population of 81 200 as of june 2025 5 with a population density of 1 054 people per km 2 historical population for the urban area year pop p a 2013 72 345 2018 76 281 1 07 2023 78 021 0 45 source 37 the urban area had a population of 78 021 in the 2023 new zealand census an increase of 1 740 people 2 3 since the 2018 census and an increase of 5 676 people 7 8 since the 2013 census there were 37 860 males 39 717 females and 441 people of other genders in 28 620 dwellings 38 4 3 of people identified as lgbtiq the median age was 35 3 years compared with 38 1 years nationally there were 14 958 people 19 2 aged under 15 years 17 955 23 0 aged 15 to 29 32 868 42 1 aged 30 to 64 and 12 243 15 7 aged 65 or older 37 people could identify as more than one ethnicity the results were 72 1 european pākehā 21 1 māori 6 3 pasifika 15 5 asian 1 8 middle eastern latin american and african new zealanders melaa and 2 3 other which includes people giving their ethnicity as new zealander english was spoken by 95 5 māori language by 5 2 samoan by 1 0 and other languages by 15 0 no language could be spoken by 2 2 e g too young to talk new zealand sign language was known by 0 9 the percentage of people born overseas was 22 7 compared with 28 8 nationally religious affiliations were 31 9 christian 2 4 hindu 2 0 islam 1 2 māori religious beliefs 1 2 buddhist 0 5 new age 0 1 jewish and 1 7 other religions people who answered that they had no religion were 52 3 and 6 9 of people did not answer the census question of those at least 15 years old 12 585 20 0 people had a bachelor s or higher degree 33 063 52 4 had a post high school certificate or diploma and 14 070 22 3 people exclusively held high school qualifications the median income was 39 900 compared with 41 500 nationally 5 601 people 8 9 earned over 100 000 compared to 12 1 nationally the employment status of those at least 15 was that 31 872 50 5 people were employed full time 8 481 13 4 were part time and 2 007 3 2 were unemployed 37 governance edit palmerston north city council edit main article palmerston north city council palmerston north civic administration building palmerston north is governed by a city council consisting of the mayor and 15 councillors elected on a citywide basis 39 in 2017 the council voted to create a māori ward but the decision was overturned by a city wide referendum in may 2018 40 in 2021 palmerston north city council decided to establish māori and general wards under the local electoral māori wards and māori constituencies amendment act 2021 41 starting in 2022 there is a māori ward called te pūao ward with two councillors and a general ward called te hirawanui ward with 13 councillors 41 before the 2016 election councillors were elected representing one of five city wards but palmerston north s electoral wards were abolished by the local government commission in 2013 the 2013 election also saw the single transferable vote stv system introduced replacing first past the post fpp name affiliation if any notes grant smith independent mayor of palmerston north debi marshall lobb independent deputy mayor brent barrett green party councillor roly fitzgerald independent councillor rachel bowen independent councillor mark arnott independent councillor vaughan dennison independent councillor kaydee zabelin green party councillor lew findlay independent councillor pat handcock independent councillor leonie hapeta independent councillor lorna johnson labour party councillor billy meehan independent councillor orphée mickalad independent councillor karen naylor independent councillor william wood independent councillor 42 43 the council s functions are broken down into six units planning customer finance people performance infrastructure and chief executive 44 the chief executive is waid crockett who replaced heather shotter in 2022 45 horizons manawatū whanganui regional council edit main article horizons regional council palmerston north is the seat of the council for electoral and regional representation purposes palmerston north city constitutes the palmerston north constituency and is represented by 4 councillors central governance edit palmerston north is covered by two general electorates and one māori electorate the palmerston north electorate covers the palmerston north urban area north of the manawatū river the rangitīkei electorate covers the remainder of the territorial authority including the palmerston north urban area south of the manawatū river 46 since the 2023 general election the electorates have been held by tangi utikere of the labour party and suze redmayne of the national party respectively 47 the te tai hauaūru māori electorate held by debbie ngarewa packer of the te pāti māori party covers palmerston north 47 justice edit the palmerston north courthouse in main street east is a combined district and high court and serves the city and surrounding area 48 economy edit palmerston north has a modelled gross domestic product gdp of 8 041 million in the year to march 2024 1 9 of new zealand s national gdp the gdp per capita was 87 899 the sixth highest of all territorial authorities 49 major sectors include wholesale trade professional scientific and technical services public administration and safety health care and social assistance and education and training 50 according to the 2023 census around 51 800 peop...
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