Meta tags:
Headings (most frequently used words):
and, gorilla, contents, history, etymology, evolution, classification, characteristics, distribution, habitat, ecology, behaviour, intelligence, scientific, study, captivity, conservation, status, cultural, significance, see, also, references, external, links, diet, activities, nesting, interspecies, interactions, social, structure, reproduction, parenting, communication, tool, use, genome, sequencing, literature, cited,
Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (442), and (280), gorilla (246), gorillas (169), from (86), with (64), are (57), doi (51), their (51), #species (47), archived (47), lowland (46), have (42), for (41), original (41), mountain (40), western (36), retrieved (35), apes (35), that (34), pmid (33), they (31), also (29), human (28), eastern (27), was (26), other (26), male (26), great (25), been (24), wild (23), silverback (23), may (22), zoo (22), 2001 (22), september (21), female (20), males (20), his (20), females (20), this (19), genome (19), isbn (19), s2cid (19), between (19), live (19), years (19), use (18), conservation (18), bibcode (18), more (18), evolution (17), social (17), but (17), can (17), has (17), africa (16), primates (16), chimpanzees (16), ape (16), humans (16), 978 (16), two (16), groups (16), 2013 (16), when (16), not (16), while (16), all (15), history (15), group (15), journal (15), new (15), biology (15), first (15), than (15), beringei (14), robbins (14), each (14), one (14), which (14), national (13), individual (13), march (13), cambridge (13), 2011 (13), 2006 (13), 1002 (13), 2012 (13), such (13), subspecies (13), forests (13), about (12), october (12), list (12), day (12), study (12), ecology (12), university (12), press (12), american (12), 2025 (11), international (11), see (11), 2016 (11), gott (11), weir (11), january (11), 2021 (11), size (11), were (11), genus (11), tend (11), chimpanzee (10), orangutan (10), troglodytes (10), park (10), july (10), habitat (10), 2022 (10), iucn (10), captivity (10), pdf (10), pmc (10), adult (10), time (10), mothers (10), wikipedia (9), using (9), primate (9), pan (9), congo (9), common (9), survival (9), behavior (9), diet (9), endangered (9), into (9), scientific (9), range (9), population (9), many (9), will (9), age (9), them (9), around (9), both (9), after (9), infants (9), last (8), articles (8), republic (8), august (8), animal (8), relationships (8), silverbacks (8), april (8), june (8), 000 (8), young (8), 2005 (8), behaviour (8), 2008 (8), where (8), savage (8), communication (8), living (8), most (8), even (8), some (8), name (8), tools (8), troops (8), toggle (7), non (7), move (7), described (7), project (7), year (7), world (7), 2017 (7), african (7), 2018 (7), 1016 (7), man (7), face (7), including (7), interactions (7), eds (7), central (7), large (7), within (7), well (7), her (7), 111 (7), nest (7), troop (7), fruit (7), page (6), links (6), tree (6), pongo (6), hominoidea (6), via (6), natural (6), 2019 (6), 2009 (6), november (6), watts (6), stewart (6), mate (6), habitats (6), chaillu (6), february (6), who (6), knowledge (6), nature (6), captive (6), oldest (6), 1038 (6), molecular (6), 1996 (6), 1847 (6), tool (6), close (6), primatology (6), 2003 (6), bwindi (6), ranging (6), there (6), distribution (6), 600 (6), hanno (6), hair (6), became (6), 100 (6), used (6), although (6), now (6), feeding (6), months (6), offspring (6), sleep (6), called (6), diets (6), average (6), leaves (6), montane (6), view (5), contact (5), under (5), references (5), 2024 (5), mammals (5), orangutans (5), ancestor (5), related (5), family (5), museum (5), virunga (5), protection (5), external (5), yamagiwa (5), structure (5), mother (5), reproduction (5), 2023 (5), people (5), paul (5), what (5), red (5), 2014 (5), welfare (5), zoos (5), news (5), smith (5), society (5), virus (5), river (5), chest (5), 1007 (5), dominance (5), its (5), hand (5), long (5), like (5), those (5), recorded (5), different (5), sex (5), observed (5), further (5), found (5), later (5), until (5), during (5), known (5), half (5), areas (5), colour (5), vary (5), vegetation (5), ground (5), five (5), only (5), spend (5), multiple (5), nests (5), ranges (5), forest (5), subsection (5), contents (4), search (4), pages (4), december (4), short (4), life (4), old (4), homo (4), hominidae (4), status (4), language (4), extant (4), version (4), 2010 (4), 2004 (4), wildlife (4), specimens (4), diversity (4), kingdon (4), 122 (4), sicotte (4), perspective (4), three (4), 800 (4), pound (4), 1861 (4), leopard (4), positive (4), ebola (4), trade (4), four (4), effects (4), type (4), relationship (4), dies (4), hiv (4), boston (4), same (4), online (4), body (4), ajp (4), form (4), highly (4), current (4), comparative (4), sympatric (4), cameroon (4), physical (4), anthropology (4), eating (4), gabon (4), night (4), 1997 (4), century (4), blood (4), groves (4), english (4), 102 (4), shot (4), without (4), others (4), include (4), play (4), woman (4), several (4), since (4), usually (4), women (4), similar (4), death (4), individuals (4), published (4), thought (4), exist (4), behaviors (4), foraging (4), food (4), aggression (4), though (4), being (4), she (4), wrote (4), travel (4), article (4), few (4), swamp (4), considered (4), strong (4), bonds (4), depending (4), very (4), hands (4), end (4), classified (4), here (4), period (4), lasts (4), reaching (4), days (4), together (4), sometimes (4), however (4), 500 (4), 200 (4), weight (4), arm (4), hide (4), sidebar (4), privacy (3), wayback (3), failed (3), verification (3), 2020 (3), description (3), wikidata (3), 1852 (3), named (3), geoffroy (3), sub (3), saharan (3), gorillini (3), ncbi (3), homininae (3), hylobatidae (3), below (3), catarrhini (3), simiiformes (3), haplorhini (3), order (3), class (3), mammalia (3), phylum (3), chordata (3), kingdom (3), animalia (3), colo (3), community (3), bonobos (3), fictional (3), monkeys (3), monkey (3), research (3), fossey (3), bonobo (3), data (3), facts (3), photos (3), fund (3), video (3), taxonomy (3), 2007 (3), skull (3), web (3), 2015 (3), second (3), field (3), guide (3), kahekwa (3), infanticide (3), 183 (3), 182 (3), 339 (3), 317 (3), through (3), 521 (3), rule (3), 135 (3), york (3), equatorial (3), animals (3), indigenous (3), over (3), convention (3), out (3), auditory (3), enrichment (3), differences (3), science (3), aged (3), 483 (3), sequence (3), understanding (3), immunodeficiency (3), 444 (3), book (3), planet (3), evidence (3), wyman (3), habits (3), 124 (3), 1988 (3), act (3), 1987 (3), stable (3), taylor (3), goldsmith (3), multidisciplinary (3), marchant (3), nishida (3), societies (3), ajpa (3), tutin (3), lopé (3), reserve (3), impenetrable (3), 1995 (3), 227 (3), threats (3), genetics (3), populations (3), 1970 (3), 300 (3), wood (3), andrew (3), source (3), needed (3), indicate (3), rapid (3), unknown (3), part (3), powerful (3), compete (3), would (3), law (3), how (3), films (3), 120 (3), kong (3), attention (3), stories (3), story (3), baby (3), means (3), give (3), rarely (3), agreement (3), recent (3), researchers (3), listed (3), critically (3), variety (3), characteristics (3), exhibit (3), shown (3), stereotypic (3), heard (3), activities (3), higher (3), 1920s (3), next (3), read (3), sequencing (3), closest (3), relatives (3), addition (3), genes (3), gene (3), conducted (3), longer (3), explorer (3), near (3), back (3), thomas (3), fishing (3), simple (3), made (3), water (3), whilst (3), information (3), lives (3), make (3), herbs (3), intelligence (3), ones (3), conflicts (3), behaviours (3), frequently (3), periods (3), once (3), third (3), become (3), per (3), towards (3), typically (3), recently (3), access (3), friendly (3), staying (3), commonly (3), likely (3), natal (3), single (3), disambiguation (3), trees (3), loango (3), fruits (3), farther (3), home (3), less (3), pith (3), submontane (3), elevations (3), sea (3), level (3), 150 (3), west (3), sequences (3), tall (3), classification (3), gorillai (3), battel (3), haire (3), main (3), 128 (2), languages (2), table (2), legal (2), safety (2), policy (2), text (2), available (2), terms (2), site (2), agree (2), profit (2), organization (2), wikimedia (2), commons (2), 2026 (2), categories (2), unsourced (2), statements (2), lacking (2), reliable (2), dates (2), indefinitely (2), protected (2), taxa (2), genera (2), fauna (2), herbivorous (2), org (2), japan (2), united (2), open (2), wikispecies (2), portal (2), graecopithecus (2), hominini (2), nakalipithecus (2), ponginae (2), micropithecus (2), afrotarsiidae (2), altiatlasius (2), omomyidae (2), nonja (2), joe (2), jenny (2), willie (2), ozzie (2), louis (2), kokomo (2), koko (2), john (2), daniel (2), harambe (2), fatou (2), space (2), category (2), gibbon (2), bushmeat (2), nonhuman (2), rights (2), partnership (2), ban (2), sanctuary (2), center (2), galdikas (2), dian (2), tapanuli (2), bornean (2), sumatran (2), paniscus (2), pygmaeus (2), kamilah_ggo_v0 (2), gorgor6 (2), smithsonian (2), machine (2), factsheet (2), programme (2), look (2), free (2), publishing (2), dispersal (2), reproductive (2), kahuzi (2), 240 (2), 216 (2), 213 (2), choice (2), variation (2), system (2), mcneilage (2), 292 (2), 265 (2), virungas (2), fletcher (2), 153 (2), infant (2), czekala (2), assessment (2), stress (2), analysis (2), books (2), oclc (2), 306 (2), literature (2), cited (2), chicago (2), appellate (2), actions (2), courts (2), 125 (2), elephant (2), global (2), richard (2), covid (2), atlanta (2), bbc (2), kills (2), thanks (2), six (2), away (2), extinction (2), 197 (2), stoinski (2), visitor (2), wounding (2), rates (2), king (2), george (2), environment (2), housed (2), visitors (2), 107 (2), club (2), hdl (2), 169 (2), insights (2), aids (2), 1098 (2), sciences (2), origins (2), viruses (2), derived (2), van (2), times (2), review (2), victoria (2), 1086 (2), 417 (2), gaboon (2), cbs (2), breuer (2), observation (2), s41598 (2), 021 (2), 2021natsr (2), reports (2), signal (2), company (2), 1993 (2), interspecific (2), 1991 (2), 211 (2), 1983 (2), mist (2), intra (2), inter (2), cub (2), 2025cbio (2), 1989 (2), 1111 (2), jstor (2), 003 (2), behavioral (2), specific (2), mcgrew (2), 105059 (2), insect (2), role (2), fernandez (2), 1992 (2), composition (2), 1006 (2), jhev (2), miller (2), 919879 (2), weigl (2), educational (2), publishers (2), ostrofsky (2), arboreal (2), enough (2), zoological (2), 21st (2), need (2), develop (2), died (2), thompson (2), ssp (2), handedness (2), 166 (2), terrestrial (2), posture (2), santa (2), barbara (2), east (2), jungers (2), 108 (2), 1093 (2), molbev (2), michigan (2), williamson (2), t9404a136250858 (2), 2305 (2), rlts (2), threatened (2), t39994a115576640 (2), geographic (2), wilson (2), 005 (2), gibbons (2), based (2), linked (2), 185 (2), 119 (2), greek (2), γόριλλαι (2), round (2), parts (2), black (2), 3171832 (2), wwf (2), top (2), child (2), popular (2), men (2), entity (2), majority (2), percentage (2), phrase (2), occurs (2), metaphor (2), mixed (2), does (2), cannot (2), jungle (2), serve (2), 1933 (2), novel (2), featured (2), notably (2), escaped (2), taking (2), 1930 (2), mystery (2), culture (2), aggressive (2), carrying (2), anthropologist (2), noted (2), help (2), attacking (2), peoples (2), bulu (2), totems (2), still (2), ngi (2), 113 (2), creates (2), distinguish (2), least (2), ten (2), hunting (2), pregnant (2), birth (2), cultural (2), significance (2), efforts (2), concluded (2), governments (2), countries (2), killing (2), weak (2), threat (2), these (2), infected (2), closely (2), get (2), poaching (2), destruction (2), export (2), 316 (2), estimated (2), 104 (2), 105 (2), democratic (2), approach (2), increases (2), decreases (2), crowd (2), leading (2), music (2), feed (2), significantly (2), early (2), late (2), dna (2), gave (2), scientists (2), systematic (2), work (2), much (2), citation (2), trip (2), writer (2), mary (2), bradley (2), yerkes (2), brought (2), physician (2), missionary (2), obtained (2), naturalist (2), jeffries (2), liberia (2), staughton (2), previously (2), seen (2), termites (2), able (2), support (2), smaller (2), larger (2), lower (2), ready (2), often (2), result (2), occur (2), display (2), unique (2), legged (2), slapping (2), palms (2), primarily (2), dense (2), members (2), deep (2), suggest (2), confused (2), guerrilla (2), begin (2), hours (2), weaned (2), separate (2), important (2), stay (2), hour (2), making (2), eye (2), serves (2), then (2), preference (2), copulation (2), minutes (2), mature (2), cycle (2), before (2), parenting (2), fight (2), hierarchies (2), grooming (2), engage (2), rare (2), movements (2), subordinate (2), blackbacks (2), protect (2), leopards (2), own (2), disperse (2), silver (2), comes (2), maturity (2), blackback (2), uses (2), whether (2), insects (2), interspecies (2), construct (2), constructed (2), distributed (2), building (2), nesting (2), area (2), because (2), climbing (2), ants (2), eaten (2), eat (2), divided (2), differ (2), stems (2), small (2), another (2), elevation (2), cross (2), low (2), 250 (2), 130 (2), 264 (2), studies (2), anti (2), knuckle (2), walking (2), backs (2), varying (2), either (2), general (2), brown (2), facial (2), tallest (2), span (2), weights (2), weigh (2), spans (2), diverged (2), ago (2), bark (2), upon (2), superfamily (2), tribe (2), hairy (2), 1625 (2), vpon (2), goeth (2), expedition (2), encountered (2), whom (2), navigator (2), etymology (2), cover (2), tropical (2), appearance (2), upload (2), file (2), changes (2), edit (2), norsk (2), bahasa (2), беларуская (2), log (2), create (2), account (2), donate (2), menu (2), add, topic, mobile, cookie, statement, statistics, developers, code, conduct, contacts, disclaimers, additional, apply, you, registered, trademark, foundation, inc, creative, attribution, sharealike, license, rendered, parsoid, edited, utc, hidden, kartographer, extension, webarchive, template, microformats, dmy, semi, matches, isidore, saint, hilaire, https, index, php, title, oldid, 1372671781, yale, lux, czech, states, fast, gnd, authority, control, databases, 97178, paleobiology, database, 417969, 9592, nhmsys0000376721, nbn, 12100787, msw, 572837, itis, 1435397, irmng, 43579, inaturalist, 2436440, gbif, 1gorig, eppo, 42003, eol, 62smc, col, 4529, bold, adw, q36611, taxon, identifiers, paranthropus, sahelanthropus, orrorin, kenyanthropus, australopithecus, ardipithecus, hominina, chororapithecus, rudapithecus, pierolapithecus, hispanopithecus, dryopithecus, danuvius, anoiapithecus, dryopithecini, sivapithecus, meganthropus, lufengpithecus, khoratpithecus, indopithecus, gigantopithecus, ankarapithecus, ouranopithecus, buronius, yuanmoupithecus, symphalangus, nomascus, hylobates, hoolock, bunopithecus, turkanapithecus, simiolus, rukwapithecus, rangwapithecus, oreopithecus, nyanzapithecus, dendropithecus, dendropithecidae, samburupithecus, proconsul, otavipithecus, nacholapithecus, morotopithecus, masripithecus, kenyapithecus, kamoyapithecus, griphopithecus, equatorius, ekembo, afropithecus, theropithecus, soromandrillus, rungwecebus, procynocephalus, procercocebus, pliopapio, parapapio, paradolichopithecus, papio, mandrillus, macaca, lophocebus, gorgopithecus, dinopithecus, cercocebus, papionini, nanopithecus, miopithecus, erythrocebus, chlorocebus, cercopithecus, allochrocebus, allenopithecus, cercopithecini, cercopithecinae, trachypithecus, simias, semnopithecus, sawecolobus, rhinopithecus, rhinocolobus, pygathrix, procolobus, presbytis, piliocolobus, parapresbytis, paracolobus, nasalis, microcolobus, mesopithecus, libypithecus, kuseracolobus, dolichopithecus, colobus, cercopithecoides, colobinae, zaltanpithecus, victoriapithecus, prohylobates, nsungwepithecus, noropithecus, victoriapithecidae, alophe, cercopithecoidea, pliobates, plesiopliopithecus, laccopithecus, fanchangia, egarapithecus, crouzelia, barberapithecus, anapithecus, crouzeliidae, platodontopithecus, dionysopithecus, dionysopithecidae, pliopithecus, epipliopithecus, pliopithecidae, kapi, paidopithex, krishnapithecus, pliopithecoidea, propliopithecus, aegyptopithecus, propliopithecidae, talahpithecus, oligopithecus, catopithecus, oligopithecidae, saadanius, saguinus, micodon, mico, leontopithecus, leontocebus, cebuella, callithrix, callimico, callitrichidae, sapajus, saimiri, patasola, panamacebus, killikaike, dolichocebus, cebus, acrecebus, cebidae, stirtonia, solimoea, protopithecus, paralouatta, oreonax, mohanamico, lagothrix, chilecebus, cartelles, caipora, brachyteles, ateles, alouatta, atelidae, xenothrix, soriacebus, proteropithecia, plecturocebus, pithecia, nuciruptor, miocallicebus, mazzonicebus, insulacebus, homunculus, chiropotes, cheracebus, cebupithecia, carlocebus, callicebus, cacajao, antillothrix, pitheciidae, tremacebus, aotus, aotidae, lagonimico, branisella, canaanimico, szalatavus, perupithecus, parvimico, platyrrhini, ucayalipithecus, qatrania, parapithecus, apidium, abuqatrania, parapithecidae, serapia, proteopithecus, proteopithecidae, biretia, arsinoea, parapithecoidea, siamopithecus, pondaungia, myanmarpithecus, krabia, ganlea, bugtipithecus, amphipithecus, amphipithecidae, phenacopithecus, eosimias, bahinia, eosimiidae, afrotarsius, afrasia, phileosimias, nosmips, aseanpithecus, amamria, xanthorhysis, tarsius, oligotarsius, hesperotarsius, cephalopachus, carlito, tarsiidae, archicebus, tarsiiformes, tarkops, tarkadectes, tarka, tarkadectinae, yaquius, wyomomys, washakius, utahia, uintanius, stockia, steinius, shoshonius, rooneyia, ourayia, omomys, nesomomys, macrotarsius, loveina, jemezius, hemiacodon, gunnelltarsius, ekwiiyemakius, dyseolemur, diablomomys, chumashius, chipetaia, brontomomys, asiomomys, ageitodendron, omomyinae, walshina, trogolemur, tetonoides, tetonius, teilhardina, tatmanius, strigorhysis, sphacorhysis, pseudotetonius, gazinius, chlororhysis, aycrossia, arapahovius, anemorhysis, anaptomorphus, absarokius, anaptomorphinae, vectipithex, quercyloris, pseudoloris, paraloris, necrolemur, nannopithex, microchoerus, melaneremia, indusomys, microchoerinae, kohatius, bownomomys, altanius, tonda, sandra, sam, malaysia, austria, manis, ken, allen, karta, karen, martin, chantek, bonnie, azy, alba, meng, abang, toto, trudy, titus, timmy, snowflake, shabani, samson, pogo, pattycake, ndume, nico, mumba, michael, max, massa, jumoke, jambo, ivan, guy, gargantua, charles, bokito, bobo, binti, jua, babec, alfred, washoe, viki, travis, sultan, sarah, santino, sami, rita, peter, panpanzee, pankun, oliver, nim, chimpsky, fred, muggs, moja, mitumba, marquis, chimps, macaco, tião, lucy, loulis, little, mama, lana, kasakela, julius, mendi, jinx, jimmy, jiggs, ham, gua, gregoire, enos, cheeta, bubbles, pierre, brassau, bonzo, azalea, ayumu, panbanisha, nyota, kanzi, notable, yowie, yeti, yeren, mythic, humanoids, bigfoot, kinshasa, declaration, personhood, archaeology, borneo, iowa, learning, elgin, ian, redmond, lone, drøscher, nielsen, smits, gladys, kalema, zikusoka, neanderthal, jane, goodall, biruté, lesser, sapiens, tapanuliensis, abelii, suborder, assembly, ucsc, browser, ensembl, timeline, interactive, official, website, refuge, welcome, features, san, diego, info, net, pulitzer, crisis, reporting, includes, artwork, wiktionary, dictionary, jonathan, 4729, 2531, bloomsbury, patterns, parameters, absence, immature, contrasting, development, independence, hormone, 01986, decades, karisoke, london, reaktion, 863158343, 12468, stevens, heidi, tribune, grammar, offenkrantz, ronald, lichter, aaron, spring, practice, process, sua, sponte, revisited, merriam, webster, definition, 174, 176, 157, 173, 131, 126, 127, 138, 143, chapters, alesha, matomah, tucson, matam, 4116, 0643, sako, sacred, totem, harper, chapter, 352, explorations, adventures, accounts, themanners, customs, chace, crocodile, hippopotamus, amir, adam, pérou, hermans, 202289674, 26209, ik560158, ways, knowing, knows, justice, relations, luscombe, guardian, thirteen, test, scientist, infecting, flora, appendices, union, fin, whale, recovering, action, step, margulis, 203, 24715297, 21127, jaicks, drayton, importance, examining, 599, 22038867, 20425, 586, leeds, boyer, ross, lukas, north, 304, 26094937, 21218, 296, clark, fitzpatrick, hartley, lee, routh, walker, 321, 21563213, 20396, adrenal, activity, wells, note, influence, applanim, 019, applied, 85141639, 10185, joins, scally, dutheil, hillier, 7388, 175, 22398555, 3303130, 10261, 80788, nature10842, 2012natur, 169s, hominid, kelland, reuters, sheds, light, takebe, uenishi, epidemiology, genesis, pandemic, advances, pharmacology, vol, 18086407, 373601, s1054, 3589, 56001, pathogenesis, sharp, bailes, chaudhuri, rodenburg, santiago, hahn, 1410, 876, 11405934, 1088480, rstb, 0863, 867, 356, philosophical, transactions, royal, biological, acquired, immune, deficiency, syndrome, plantier, leoz, dickerson, 872, 76837833, 19648927, 871, medicine, heuverswyn, neel, 7116, 164, 27475571, 17093443, 444164a, 2006natur, 164v, siv, infection, quammen, reel, beast, melbourne, 1865, mccook, 143950182, 10214, 7693, 368759, 177, osiris, truth, legitimation, 443, notice, characters, orang, osteology, 247, 245, describing, character, tough, nut, crack, ndoundou, hockemba, fishlock, e380, 16187795, 1236726, 1371, pbio, 0030380, plos, experts, warn, wright, 6879, 33833252, 8032651, 86261, 6879w, beats, honest, maple, hoff, 1982, nostrand, reinhold, harcourt, hauser, functions, calls, repertoire, context, comparison, 1163, 156853993x00524, 1993behav, 89h, 634, 3411555, 1530, jrf, 0830627, 627, fertility, suckling, lactational, anoestrus, nguyen, nbc, caught, estes, california, 520, 08085, hoofed, carnivores, sexual, 225, 85023681, 31952383, 1350240307, 1991amjpr, 211w, houghton, mifflin, 395, 28217, juichi, 24667667, bf02382180, 20240556, 39838735, 11751638, rsbl, 0556, letters, 4028, 4034, 40780203, 006, 4028s, outrank, alpha, 327, 302, 1439, 0310, tb00754, 1989ethol, ethology, cases, reconsideration, stokes, parnell, olejniczak, success, 21995743, 25063274, s00265, 0630, 2003becos, 329s, 329, sociobiology, kanyunyi, basabose, implications, 369, 21216499, 12942370, s10329, 0049, 359, socio, southern, deschner, pika, 14673, 34282175, 8290027, 93829, 1114673s, lethal, coalitionary, attacks, sanz, 36147956, 9485909, isci, 2022isci, 25j5059s, iscience, abrams, 4351, 1009, odyssey, deblauwe, prey, southeast, nutritional, value, 17902166, 20703, 85569302, 31941221, 1350280103, stanford, nkurunungi, uganda, 918, 22587913, 1023, 1024689008159, 2003ijpri, 901s, 901, comparisons, 84681736, 31937009, 1350300305, 1993amjpr, 195t, 195, awf, fay, carroll, kerbis, peterhans, harris, 1048, 1995jhume, 93f, attack, consumption
Text of the page (random words):
8 1 genome sequencing 9 captivity 10 conservation status 11 cultural significance 12 see also 13 references toggle references subsection 13 1 literature cited 14 external links toggle the table of contents gorilla 128 languages afrikaans alemannisch አማርኛ العربية مصرى asturianu kotava azərbaycanca башҡортса basa bali беларуская тарашкевіца беларуская betawi български বাংলা brezhoneg bosanski català 閩東語 mìng dĕ̤ng ngṳ̄ нохчийн cebuano کوردی čeština cymraeg dansk deutsch ελληνικά esperanto español eesti euskara فارسی suomi føroyskt fɔ̀ngbè français nordfriisk gaeilge gàidhlig galego avañe ẽ עברית हिन्दी hrvatski magyar հայերեն interlingua bahasa indonesia гӏалгӏай ido íslenska italiano 日本語 jawa ქართული kongo қазақша ಕನ್ನಡ 한국어 کٲشُر kernowek кыргызча latina лакку лезги limburgs lingála lietuvių latviešu malagasy олык марий minangkabau македонски മലയാളം монгол кырык мары bahasa melayu မြန်မာဘာသာ مازِرونی नेपाली nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål diné bizaad chi chewa occitan ирон polski پنجابی پښتو português runa simi română русский ikinyarwanda sicilianu scots srpskohrvatski српскохрватски simple english slovenčina سرائیکی slovenščina soomaaliga shqip српски srpski seeltersk sunda svenska kiswahili தமிழ் తెలుగు тоҷикӣ ไทย tagalog türkçe удмурт українська oʻzbekcha ўзбекча tiếng việt winaray wolof 吴语 მარგალური ייִדיש 閩南語 bân lâm gí 粵語 中文 isizulu edit links article talk english read view source view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read view source view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikispecies wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia genus of large african apes this article is about the genus of great apes for other uses see gorilla disambiguation not to be confused with guerrilla gorilla male western gorilla gorilla gorilla female eastern gorilla gorilla beringei scientific classification kingdom animalia phylum chordata class mammalia order primates superfamily hominoidea family hominidae tribe gorillini genus gorilla i geoffroy 1852 type species troglodytes gorilla savage 1847 species gorilla gorilla gorilla beringei distribution of gorillas synonyms pseudogorilla elliot 1913 gorillas are large primarily herbivorous 1 great apes that live in the tropical forests of equatorial africa the genus gorilla is divided into two species the eastern gorilla and the western gorilla and either four or five subspecies the dna of gorillas is highly similar to that of humans from 96 to 99 depending on what is included and they are the next closest living relatives to humans after the bonobos and chimpanzees gorillas are the largest living primates reaching heights between 1 25 and 1 8 m 4 ft 1 in and 5 ft 11 in weights between 68 and 227 kg 150 and 500 lb and arm spans up to 2 6 m 8 ft 6 in depending on species and sex they tend to live in troops with the leader being called a silverback the eastern gorilla is distinguished from the western by darker fur colour and some other minor morphological differences gorillas tend to live 35 40 years in the wild gorillas natural habitats cover tropical or subtropical forests in sub saharan africa although their range covers a small percentage of sub saharan africa gorillas cover a wide range of elevations the mountain gorilla inhabits the albertine rift montane cloud forests of the virunga volcanoes ranging in altitude from 2 200 to 4 300 m 7 200 to 14 100 ft lowland gorillas live in dense forests and lowland swamps and marshes as low as sea level with western lowland gorillas living in central west african countries and eastern lowland gorillas living in the democratic republic of the congo near its border with rwanda there are thought to be around 316 000 western gorillas in the wild and 5 000 eastern gorillas both species are classified as critically endangered by the iucn all subspecies are classified as critically endangered with the exception of the mountain gorilla which is classified as endangered there are many threats to their survival such as poaching habitat destruction and disease which threaten the survival of the species however conservation efforts have been successful in some areas where they live history and etymology see also hanno the navigator gorillai the word gorilla comes from the history of hanno the navigator c 500 bc a carthaginian explorer on an expedition to the west african coast to the area that later became sierra leone 2 3 members of the expedition encountered savage people the greater part of whom were women whose bodies were hairy and whom our interpreters called gorillae 4 5 it is unknown whether what the explorers encountered were what we now call gorillas another species of ape or monkeys or humans 6 skins of gorillai women brought back by hanno are reputed to have been kept at carthage until rome destroyed the city 350 years later at the end of the punic wars 146 bc in 1625 andrew battel mentioned the existence of the animal under the name pongo this pongo is in all proportion like a man but he is more like a giant in stature than a man for he is very tall and hath a man s face hollow eyed with long haire vpon his browes his face and eares are without haire and his hands also his bodie is full of haire but not very thicke and it is a dunnish colour hee goeth alwaies vpon his legs and carrieth his hands clasped on the nape of his necke when he goeth upon the ground they goe many together and kill many negroes that trauaile in the woods those pongos are neuer taken aliue because they are so strong that ten men cannot hold one of them andrew battel 1625 7 a century and a half after battel s story was published one writer called radermacher wrote that the large species described by buffon and other authors as of the size of a man is held by many to be a chimera 8 the american physician and missionary thomas staughton savage and naturalist jeffries wyman first described the western gorilla in 1847 from specimens obtained in liberia 9 they called it troglodytes gorilla using the then current name of the chimpanzee genus the species name was derived from ancient greek γόριλλαι gorillai name of a tribe of hairy women 10 as described by hanno evolution and classification the closest relatives of gorillas are the other two homininae genera chimpanzees and humans all of them having diverged from a common ancestor about 7 million years ago 11 human gene sequences differ only 1 6 on average from the sequences of corresponding gorilla genes but there is further difference in how many copies each gene has 12 phylogeny of superfamily hominoidea 13 fig 4 hominoidea gibbons family hylobatidae 20 species orangutans genus pongo 3 species gorillas genus gorilla 2 species humans genus homo 1 species chimpanzees genus pan 2 species until recently gorillas were considered to be a single species with three subspecies the western lowland gorilla the eastern lowland gorilla and the mountain gorilla 6 14 there is now agreement that there are two species each with two subspecies 15 more recently a third subspecies has been claimed to exist in one of the species the separate species and subspecies developed from a single type of gorilla during the ice age when their forest habitats shrank and became isolated from each other 16 failed verification primatologists continue to explore the relationships between various gorilla populations 6 the species and subspecies listed here are the ones upon which most scientists agree 17 15 genus gorilla geoffroy 1852 two species common name scientific name and subspecies range size and ecology iucn status and estimated population eastern gorilla g beringei matschie 1903 two subspecies g b beringei mountain gorilla g b graueri eastern lowland gorilla central africa size 160 196 cm 63 77 in long 18 habitat forest 19 diet roots leaves stems and pith as well as bark wood flowers fruit fungi galls invertebrates and gorilla dung 20 cr 2 600 19 western gorilla g gorilla savage 1847 two subspecies g g diehli cross river gorilla g g gorilla western lowland gorilla western africa size 130 185 cm 51 73 in long 21 habitat forest 22 diet leaves berries ferns and fibrous bark 23 cr unknown 22 the proposed third subspecies of gorilla beringei which has not yet received a trinomen is the bwindi population of the mountain gorilla sometimes called the bwindi gorilla some variations that distinguish the classifications of gorilla include varying density size hair colour length culture and facial widths 16 population genetics of the lowland gorillas suggest that the western and eastern lowland populations diverged around 261 thousand years ago 24 characteristics a male gorilla skull wild male gorillas weigh 136 to 227 kg 300 to 500 lb while adult females weigh 68 113 kg 150 250 lb 25 26 adult males are 1 4 to 1 8 m 4 ft 7 in to 5 ft 11 in tall with an arm span that stretches from 2 3 to 2 6 m 7 ft 7 in to 8 ft 6 in female gorillas are shorter at 1 25 to 1 5 m 4 ft 1 in to 4 ft 11 in with smaller arm spans 27 28 29 30 colin groves 1970 calculated the average weight of 42 wild adult male gorillas at 144 kg while smith and jungers 1997 found the average weight of 19 wild adult male gorillas to be 169 kg 31 32 adult male gorillas are known as silverbacks for the characteristic silver hair on their backs reaching to the hips the tallest wild gorilla recorded was a 1 95 m 6 ft 5 in silverback with an arm span of 2 7 m 8 ft 10 in a chest of 1 98 m 6 ft 6 in and a weight of 219 kg 483 lb shot in alimbongo northern kivu in may 1938 30 the heaviest wild gorilla recorded was a 1 83 m 6 ft 0 in silverback shot in ambam cameroon which weighed 267 kg 589 lb 30 the tallest gorilla in captivity was gust a western lowland gorilla that was captured as a baby in belgian congo and spent his life at antwerp zoo he was 2 20 m 7 ft 3 in tall males in captivity can be overweight and reach weights up to 310 kg 683 lb 30 western gorilla gorilla gorilla and eastern gorilla gorilla beringei the eastern gorilla is more darkly coloured than the western gorilla with the mountain gorilla being the darkest of all the mountain gorilla also has the thickest hair the western lowland gorilla can be brown or greyish with a reddish forehead gorillas that live in lowland forest are more slender and agile than the more bulky mountain gorillas the eastern gorilla also has a longer face and broader chest than the western gorilla 33 like humans gorillas have individual fingerprints 34 35 their eye colour is dark brown framed by a black ring around the iris gorilla facial structure is described as mandibular prognathism that is the mandible protrudes farther out than the maxilla adult males also have a prominent sagittal crest gorillas move around by knuckle walking although they sometimes walk upright for short distances typically while carrying food or in defensive situations a 2018 study investigating the hand posture of 77 mountain gorillas at bwindi impenetrable national park 8 of the population found that knuckle walking was done only 60 of the time and they also supported their weight on their fists the backs of their hands feet and on their palms soles with the digits flexed such a range of hand postures was previously thought to have been used by only orangutans 36 studies of gorilla handedness have yielded varying results with some arguing for no preference for either hand and others right hand dominance for the general population 37 studies have shown gorilla blood is not reactive to anti a and anti b monoclonal antibodies which would in humans indicate type o blood due to novel sequences though it is different enough to not conform with the human abo blood group system into which the other great apes fit 38 a gorilla s lifespan is normally between 35 and 40 years although zoo gorillas may live for 50 years or more in rare circumstances at 69 years 264 days fatou is both the oldest living gorilla and oldest living female gorilla the oldest male gorilla ever was ozoum who reached the final age of 61 years 24 days 39 the oldest living male gorilla is guhonda aged 55 years 264 days distribution and habitat a young gorilla climbing gorillas have a patchy distribution the range of the two species is separated by the congo river and its tributaries the western gorilla lives in west central africa while the eastern gorilla lives in east central africa between the species and even within the species gorillas live in a variety of habitats and elevations gorilla habitat ranges from montane forest to swampland eastern gorillas inhabit montane and submontane forests between 650 and 4 000 m 2 130 and 13 120 ft above sea level 40 mountain gorillas live in montane forests at the higher end of the elevation range while eastern lowland gorillas live in submontane forests at the lower end in addition eastern lowland gorillas live in montane bamboo forests as well as lowland forests ranging from 600 3 308 m 1 969 10 853 ft in elevation 41 western gorillas live in both lowland swamp forests and montane forests at elevations ranging from sea level to 1 600 m 5 200 ft 40 western lowland gorillas live in swamp and lowland forests ranging up to 1 600 m 5 200 ft and cross river gorillas live in low lying and submontane forests ranging from 150 1 600 m 490 5 250 ft ecology diet and activities gorillas moving in habitat a gorilla s day is divided between rest periods and travel or feeding periods diets differ between and within species mountain gorillas mostly eat foliage such as leaves stems pith and shoots while fruit makes up a very small part of their diets 42 mountain gorilla food is widely distributed and neither individuals nor groups have to compete with one another their home ranges vary from 3 to 15 km 2 1 2 to 5 8 sq mi and their movements range around 500 m 0 31 mi or less on an average day 42 despite eating a few species in each habitat mountain gorillas have flexible diets and can live in a variety of habitats 42 gorilla foraging eastern lowland gorillas have more diverse diets which vary seasonally leaves and pith are commonly eaten but fruits can make up as much as 25 of their diets since fruit is less available lowland gorillas must travel farther each day and their home ranges vary from 2 7 to 6 5 km 2 1 0 to 2 5 sq mi with day ranges 154 2 280 m 0 096 1 417 mi eastern lowland gorillas will also eat insects preferably ants 43 western lowland gorillas depend on fruits more than the others and they are more dispersed across their range 44 they travel even farther than the other gorilla subspecies at 1 105 m 0 687 mi per day on average and have larger home ranges of 7 14 km 2 2 7 5 4 sq mi 44 western lowland gorillas have less access to terrestrial herbs although they can access aquatic herbs in some areas termites and ants are also eaten while tradi...
|
