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p 1 history toggle history subsection 1 1 etymology 1 2 origins 1 3 norman occupation and middle ages 1 4 county town of glamorganshire 1 5 building the docks 1 6 county borough of cardiff 1 7 city and capital city status 2 government toggle government subsection 2 1 local government 3 geography 4 cityscape 5 climate 6 demography toggle demography subsection 6 1 health 6 2 language 6 2 1 language schools 6 3 religion 7 economy toggle economy subsection 7 1 shopping 8 transport toggle transport subsection 8 1 rail 8 2 metro 8 3 air 8 4 road and bus 8 5 cycle 8 6 water 9 telecommunications 10 education 11 landmarks and attractions 12 culture and recreation toggle culture and recreation subsection 12 1 music and performing arts 12 2 visual arts 12 3 sporting venues 12 4 recreation 13 media 14 sport 15 notable people 16 twinning 17 namesakes 18 diplomatic presence 19 freedom of the city toggle freedom of the city subsection 19 1 individuals 19 2 military units 20 see also 21 notes 22 references 23 external links toggle the table of contents cardiff 138 languages afrikaans አማርኛ aragonés ænglisc العربية الدارجة مصرى asturianu azərbaycanca تۆرکجه basa bali boarisch беларуская тарашкевіца беларуская betawi български भोजपुरी বাংলা brezhoneg bosanski català cebuano کوردی čeština cymraeg dansk deutsch zazaki dolnoserbski ελληνικά esperanto español eesti euskara estremeñu فارسی suomi võro føroyskt français nordfriisk frysk gaeilge gàidhlig galego gaelg עברית हिन्दी hrvatski hornjoserbsce kreyòl ayisyen magyar հայերեն bahasa indonesia interlingue ido íslenska italiano 日本語 jawa ქართული taqbaylit kumoring қазақша 한국어 къарачай малкъар kurdî kernowek кыргызча latina ligure lombard lietuvių latviešu malagasy македонски മലയാളം монгол ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ मराठी bahasa melayu မြန်မာဘာသာ مازِرونی plattdüütsch nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål occitan livvinkarjala ирон ਪੰਜਾਬੀ polski piemontèis پنجابی پښتو português runa simi romani čhib română русский sicilianu scots سنڌي davvisámegiella srpskohrvatski српскохрватски සිංහල simple english slovenčina slovenščina chishona shqip српски srpski svenska kiswahili ślůnski தமிழ் ไทย tagalog tolışi toki pona türkçe татарча tatarça chitumbuka twi удмурт українська اردو oʻzbekcha ўзбекча vèneto tiếng việt west vlams winaray 吴语 ייִדיש zeêuws 閩南語 bân lâm gí 粵語 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikinews wikivoyage wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide coordinates 51 28 54 n 03 10 45 w 51 48167 n 3 17917 w 51 48167 3 17917 from wikipedia the free encyclopedia capital and largest city of wales for other uses see cardiff disambiguation caerdydd redirects here for the tv drama see caerdydd tv series capital city and county in wales cardiff caerdydd welsh capital city and county skyline of cardiff senedd building wales millennium centre llandaff cathedral cardiff castle city hall national museum central library principality stadium flag coat of arms mottoes welsh y ddraig goch ddyry cychwyn lit the red dragon will lead the way welsh deffro mae n ddydd lit awake it is day map of the principal area of the city and county of cardiff cardiff location in wales show map of wales cardiff location in the united kingdom show map of the united kingdom coordinates 51 28 54 n 03 10 45 w 51 48167 n 3 17917 w 51 48167 3 17917 sovereign state united kingdom country wales preserved county south glamorgan city status 1905 capital city 1955 administrative hq city hall government 1 type principal council body cardiff council control labour mps 4 mps cardiff west l cardiff south and penarth l cardiff north l cardiff east l mss 12 mss 6 in caerdydd ffynnon taf 6 in caerdydd penarth area 2 total 54 sq mi 141 km 2 rank 19th population 2024 2 total 383 919 rank 1st density 7 060 sq mi 2 724 km 2 ethnicity 2021 3 ethnic groups list 79 2 white 9 7 asian 4 0 mixed 3 8 black 3 3 other religion 2021 3 religion list 42 9 no religion 38 3 christianity 9 3 islam 1 5 hinduism 0 4 buddhism 0 4 sikhism 0 2 judaism 0 6 other 6 3 not stated time zone utc 0 gmt summer dst utc 1 bst postcode areas cf dialling codes 029 iso 3166 code gb crf gss code w06000015 website cardiff gov uk cardiff a is the capital and largest city of wales cardiff had a population of 383 919 in 2024 2 and forms a principal area officially known as the city and county of cardiff welsh dinas a sir caerdydd the city is the eleventh largest in the united kingdom located in the southeast of wales the city sits within the cardiff capital region which consists of 1 5 million people accounting for roughly half the nation s total population cardiff is the county town of the historic county of glamorgan and in 1974 1996 of south glamorgan it belongs to the eurocities network of the largest european cities 4 a small town until the early 19th century its prominence as a port for coal when mining began in the region helped its expansion in 1905 it was ranked as a city and in 1955 proclaimed capital of wales the cardiff urban area covers a larger area outside the county boundary including the towns of dinas powys and penarth cardiff is the main commercial centre of wales as well as the base for the senedd the welsh parliament at the 2021 census the unitary authority area population was put at 362 400 5 an increase of 4 7 compared to the 2011 census when the population was 346 100 6 the population of the wider urban area in 2011 was 479 000 7 in 2011 it ranked sixth in the world in a national geographic magazine list of alternative tourist destinations 8 it is the most popular destination in wales with 21 3 million visitors in 2017 9 it was voted as the best city in the uk in the 2023 readers choice awards 10 cardiff is a major centre for television and film production such as the 2005 revival of doctor who 11 torchwood and sherlock and is the welsh base for the main national broadcasters cardiff bay contains the senedd building and the wales millennium centre arts complex work continues at cardiff bay and in the centre on projects such as cardiff international sports village bbc drama village 12 and a new business district 13 history edit main articles history of cardiff and timeline of cardiff history etymology edit caerdydd the welsh name of the city derives from the middle welsh caerdyf the change from dyf to dydd shows the colloquial alteration of welsh f v and dd ð and was perhaps also driven by folk etymology this sound change probably first occurred in the middle ages both forms were current in the tudor period caerdyf has its origins in post roman brythonic words meaning the fort of the taff the fort probably refers to that established by the romans caer is welsh for fort and dyf is a form of taf taff the river which flows by cardiff castle with the t showing consonant mutation to d as is normal in compound words and the vowel showing affection as a result of a lost genitive case ending 14 the anglicised cardiff is derived from caerdyf with the welsh f v borrowed as ff f as also happens in taff from welsh taf and llandaff from welsh llandaf the antiquarian william camden 1551 1623 suggested that the name cardiff may derive from caer didi the fort of didius a name supposedly given in honour of aulus didius gallus governor of a nearby province at the time when the roman fort was established although some sources repeat this theory it has been rejected on linguistic grounds by modern scholars such as professor gwynedd pierce 15 origins edit archaeological evidence from sites in and around cardiff show that people had settled in the area by at least around 6000 bc during the early neolithic about 1 500 years before either stonehenge or the great pyramid of giza was completed 16 17 18 19 20 these include the st lythans burial chamber near wenvoe approximately four miles or six km west of cardiff city centre the tinkinswood burial chamber near st nicholas about six miles or ten km west of cardiff city centre the cae rarfau chambered tomb creigiau about six miles or ten km northwest of cardiff city centre and the gwern y cleppa long barrow near coedkernew newport about eight miles or thirteen km northeast of cardiff city centre a group of five bronze age tumuli is at the summit of the garth within the county s northern boundary 21 four iron age hill fort and enclosure sites have been identified within cardiff s county boundaries including caerau hillfort an enclosed area of 5 1 hectares 12 1 2 acres 22 23 24 25 front wall of cardiff castle part of the original roman fort beneath the red stones until the roman conquest of britain cardiff was part of the territory of the silures a celtic british tribe that flourished in the iron age whose territory included the areas that would become known as breconshire monmouthshire and glamorgan 26 the 3 2 ha 8 acre fort established by the romans near the mouth of the river taff in ad 75 in what would become the north western boundary of the centre of cardiff was built over an extensive settlement that had been established by the romans in the 50s ad 27 the fort was one of a series of military outposts associated with isca augusta caerleon that acted as border defences the fort may have been abandoned in the early 2nd century as the area had been subdued however by this time a civilian settlement or vicus was established it was likely made up of traders who made a living from the fort ex soldiers and their families a roman villa has been discovered at ely 28 contemporary with the saxon shore forts of the 3rd and 4th centuries a stone fortress was established at cardiff similar to the shore forts the fortress was built to protect britannia from raiders 29 coins from the reign of gratian indicate that cardiff was inhabited until at least the 4th century the fort was abandoned towards the end of the 4th century as the last roman legions left the province of britannia with magnus maximus 30 31 little is known of the fort and civilian settlement in the period between the roman departure from britain and the norman conquest the settlement probably shrank in size and may even have been abandoned in the absence of roman rule wales was divided into small kingdoms early on meurig ap tewdrig emerged as the local king in glywysing which later became glamorgan the area passed through his family until the advent of the normans in the 11th century 32 norman occupation and middle ages edit the norman keep in 1081 william i king of england visited cardiff as part of an armed pilgrimage across south wales and ordered work to begin on the castle keep within the walls of the old roman fort 33 cardiff castle has been at the heart of the city ever since 34 the castle was substantially altered and extended during the victorian period by john crichton stuart 3rd marquess of bute and the architect william burges 35 original roman work can however still be distinguished in the wall facings a town grew up under the castle consisting mainly of settlers from england 36 cardiff had a population of between 1 500 and 2 000 in the middle ages a normal size for a welsh town in the period 37 it was the centre of the norman marcher lordship of glamorgan by the end of the 13th century cardiff was the only town in wales with a population exceeding 2 000 although it remained relatively small compared with notable towns in england and continued to be contained within its walls which were begun as a wooden palisade in the early 12th century 38 it was of sufficient size and importance to receive a series of charters notably in 1331 from william la zouche lord of glamorgan through marriage with the de clare family 39 edward iii in 1359 40 then henry iv in 1400 40 and later henry vi in 1404 owain glyndŵr burned cardiff and took possession of the castle 41 as many of the buildings were made of timber and tightly packed within the town walls much of cardiff was destroyed the settlement was soon rebuilt on the same street plan and began to flourish again 37 glyndŵr s statue was erected in cardiff town hall in the early 20th century reflecting the complex often conflicting cultural identity of cardiff as capital of wales besides serving an important political role in the governance of the fertile south glamorgan coastal plain cardiff was a busy port in the middle ages and declared an english staple port in 1327 county town of glamorganshire edit view of caerdiffe castle cardiff old town hall 1860 in 1536 the laws in wales acts 1535 1542 led to the creation of glamorganshire and cardiff was made the county town it also became part of kibbor hundred 42 around the same time the herberts became the most powerful family in the area 36 in 1538 henry viii closed cardiff s dominican and franciscan friaries whose remains were used as building materials 37 a writer in this period noted the river taff runs under the walls of his honours castle and from the north part of the town to the south part where there is a fair quay and a safe harbour for shipping 37 cardiff became a borough in 1542 41 and further royal charters were granted to it by elizabeth i in 1600 43 and james i in 1608 44 in 1573 it was made a head port for collection of customs duties 36 pembrokeshire historian george owen described cardiff in 1602 as the fayrest towne in wales yett not the welthiest 36 it gained a second royal charter in 1608 45 john speed s map of cardiff from 1610 a disastrous flood in the bristol channel on 30 january 1607 now believed to have been a tidal wave 46 changed the course of the river taff and ruined st mary s parish church which was replaced by a chapel of ease dedicated to st john the baptist 47 during the second english civil war st fagans just to the west of the town the battle of st fagans between royalist rebels and a new model army detachment was a decisive victory for the parliamentarians that allowed oliver cromwell to conquer wales 41 it was the last major battle in wales with about 200 mostly royalist soldiers killed 36 cardiff was at peace throughout the ensuing century in 1766 john stuart 1st marquess of bute married into the herbert family and was later created baron cardiff 36 in 1778 he began renovating cardiff castle 48 a racecourse printing press bank and coffee house opened in the 1790s and cardiff gained a stagecoach service to london despite these improvements cardiff s position in the welsh urban hierarchy declined over the 18th century iolo morganwg called it an obscure and inconsiderable place and the 1801 census found a population of only 1 870 making it only the 25th largest town in wales well behind merthyr and swansea 49 building the docks edit main article cardiff docks in 1793 john crichton stuart 2nd marquess of bute was born he spent his life building the cardiff dock...
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