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ppointments add to their appeal front engine rear wheel drive coupe 1964 jaguar e type automotive designers call the position of the driver s hip close to the rear axle close coupled 22 rear seats of a 1982 jaguar xj s he coupe showing the 2 2 seating layout gt abbreviation in marketing edit the gt abbreviation and variations thereof are often used as model names however some cars with gt in the model name are not actually grand touring cars 2 23 among the many variations of gt are gta gran turismo alleggerita the italian word for lightweight gtam indicates a modified version gta is also sometimes used for automatic transmission models gtb gran turismo berlinetta 24 gtc various uses including gran turismo compressore for supercharged engines gran turismo cabriolet gran turismo compact gran turismo crossover and gran turismo corsa the italian word for racing gtd gran turismo diesel gt e gran turismo einspritzung the german word for fuel injection 25 gte grand touring estate gti or gti grand touring injection mostly used for hot hatches following the introduction of the volkswagen golf gti 26 gto gran turismo omologato the italian word for homologation 27 28 gtr or gt r gran turismo and racing gts sometimes gran turismo spider for convertible models however gts has also been used for saloons and other body styles gt t gran turismo turbo gtv gran turismo veloce the italian word for fast 29 gtx grand tourisme extreme hgt high gran turismo 1962 1964 ford cortina gt a sports saloon 1982 volkswagen golf gti a hot hatch 1990 mitsubishi 3000gt gto a liftback coupé 1999 nissan skyline gt r a coupé 1980 alfa romeo alfetta gtv6 2 5 1975 opel manta gt e a five seater fastback 1971 plymouth gtx a muscle car world championships and other gt racing series edit current world championship edit fia world endurance championship in operation since 2012 the current auto racing world championship for both sports prototypes and group gt3 cars organised by the automobile club de l ouest aco and sanctioned by the fédération internationale de l automobile fia the championship is considered a revival of the defunct world sportscar championship which ended in 1992 in 2012 2016 seasons the world cup for gt manufacturer was awarded to a winning manufacturer of gt cars promoted to the world gt manufacturers championship title since the 2017 season this title awarded to a winning manufacturer of gt cars was discontinued after the 2022 season former world championships edit world sportscar championship the first sports car racing world series run from 1953 to 1992 originally contested only by sports prototypes the series expanded to gt cars in the 1954 season at the 1954 mille miglia but from the 1985 season until its end it was again restricted to sports prototypes only in 1962 1984 seasons except of the 1982 season titles were awarded to manufacturers of gt cars alongside the manufacturers of sports prototypes fia gt1 world championship a short lived series for gt cars run from 2010 to 2012 created by stéphane ratel organisation sro in an attempt to promote the fia gt championship to world championship status other gt racing series edit several past and present motor racing series have used gt in their name these include gt world challenge europe 2014 present a racing series for group gt3 cars the fia gt series replaced the fia gt championship 1997 2009 and the fia gt1 world championship 2010 2012 imsa gt3 cup challenge 2005 present a north american racing series for porsche 911 gt3 cup cars gt4 european series 2007 present a european amateur racing series with the least powerful class of gt cars sro gt2 2018 present despite the name this class slots between gt4 and gt3 in terms of performance the cars have more power than gt3 cars with the most powerful entries at nearly 700 horsepower however they have much less downforce than a gt3 car lm gte 1999 2023 a set of regulations for modified road cars which is used for the 24 hours of le mans race and several related racing series lm gte was originally called gt class and was also known as gt2 class from 2005 to 2010 also known as gtlm in the united states fia gt3 european championship 2006 2012 a european amateur racing series for group gt3 cars fia r gt as part of its structure the group r regulations have a provision for gt cars known as r gt there have also been several classes of racing cars called gt the group gt3 regulations for modified road cars have been used for various racing series worldwide since 2006 the group gt1 regulations were used for the fastest category of sports car racing from 1994 to 2001 porsche 911 gt3 ford gt1 lexus sc430 gt500 aston martin dbr9 gt1 saab 93 lemans spec examples of grand tourers edit main page category grand tourers the inclusion of grand tourer gran turismo gt or similar in the model name does not necessarily mean that the car is a grand tourer since several manufacturers have used the terms for the marketing of cars that are not grand tourers evolution of the gran turismo car edit grand touring car design evolved from vintage and pre world war ii fast touring cars and streamlined closed sports cars 2 italy developed the first gran turismo cars the small light weight and aerodynamic coupés named the berlinetta originated in the 1930s a contemporary french concept known as grande routière emphasised style elegance luxury and gentlemanly transcontinental touring the grande routières were often larger cars than the italian gran turismos 30 italian designers saw that compared to traditional open two seat sports car the increase in weight and frontal area of an enclosed cabin for the driver and mechanic could be offset by the benefits of streamlining to reduce drag 31 independent carrozzeria coachbuilders provided light and flexible fabric coachwork for powerful short wheelbase fast touring chassis by manufacturers such as alfa romeo later carrozzeria touring of milan pioneered sophisticated superleggera super light weight aluminum bodywork allowing for even more aerodynamic forms 32 the additional comfort of an enclosed cabin was beneficial for the mille miglia road race held in italy s often wintry north 33 1929 alfa romeo 6c 1750 gt edit the first car to be named gran turismo was the 1929 alfa romeo 6c 1750 gran turismo a sporting dual purpose road race chassis and engine specification that was available with a wide variety of body styles or carrozzeria the influential weymann fabric bodied berlinetta version by carrozzeria touring an early example of what we generally perceive to be a gt car 34 was winner of the vetture chiuse category at the 1931 mille miglia 35 an improved and supercharged version the 6c 1750 gtc gran turismo compressore 34 won the vetture a guida interna category of the 1932 mille miglia 36 the alfa romeo 6c 1750 was designed by vittorio jano 37 who would later be instrumental in the design of the 1951 lancia aurelia b20 gt 38 1935 fiat 508 balilla s berlinetta edit from the basic fiat 508 balilla touring chassis came the siata 39 and fiat 40 aerodynamic gran turismo style berlinetta mille miglias of 1933 and 1935 41 siata was a turin italy based fiat tuner typical of a popular class of italian artisan manufacturers of small gran turismo sports and racing cars usually fiat based that came to be known in the 1970s as etceterini such as nardi abarth ermini and in 1946 cisitalia 42 the fiat and siata berlinettas influenced by the successful alfa romeo 6c gt gtc coupés competed in the mille miglia endurance race and were significant among weymann and superleggera enclosed sporting cars appearing in the 1930s they featured tuned fiat engine and chassis and bespoke carrozzeria in common with the landmark post war cisitalia 202 sc and are among the first small displacement gran turismos 33 41 43 alfa romeo 6c 1750 gtc berlinetta carrozzeriacc touring mille miglia 1932 fiat 508 balilla s berlinetta mille miglia 1935 1947 cisitalia 202 sc edit the first recognised motor race specifically for gran turismo cars was the 1949 coppa inter europa held at monza it was initially hoped by italian motor industry observers citation needed that the small and struggling italian sports and racing car manufacturer cisitalia would find in the 1949 coppa inter europa regulations initially called turismo veloce 44 or fast touring a category for its cisitalia tipo 202 sc the road going production coupé version of cisitalia s single seat d46 racing car and two seat 202 open sports car however the fiat based 1100 cc four cylinder cisitalia was no match on the race track for ferrari s new hand built 2000 cc v12 and ferrari dominated taking the first three places 45 an 1100 cc class was hurriedly created but not in time to save cisitalia s business fortunes the company s bankrupt owner piero dusio had already decamped to argentina citation needed the cisitalia 202 sc gained considerable fame for the outstanding design of its pinin farina coachwork and is credited with greatly influencing the style of subsequent berlinetta or fastback gran turismo coupés a cisitalia 202 gt is exhibited at the museum of modern art in new york city 46 1947 maserati a6 1500 edit the maserati a6 1500 won the 1500 cc class at the 1949 coppa europa it was driven by franco bordoni former fighter ace of the regia aeronautica who had debuted as a pilota da corsa at the 1949 mille miglia 45 47 the a6 1500 was the first road going production car to be offered by the maserati factory featuring a tubular chassis with independent front suspension and coil springs the 1500 cc six cylinder being derived from the maserati brothers pre war voiturette racing engines the body of the a6 1500 was an elegant two door fast back coupé body also by pinin farina 48 cisitalia tipo 202 sc coupé carrozzeria pinin farina 1947 maserati a6 1500 coupé carrozzeria pinin farina 1947 1949 ferrari 166 inter edit enzo ferrari whose scuderia ferrari had been the racing division of alfa romeo from 1929 until 1938 parted ways from alfa romeo in 1939 enzo ferrari s first car itself an etceterini the fiat based auto avio costruzioni 815 racing sports car debuted at the 1940 mille miglia two were produced 49 the first car constructed in ferrari s name the v12 125 s also a racing sports car debuted in 1947 at the piacenza racing circuit 50 again only two were produced but they rapidly evolved into the 159 and 166 models including the 1949 ferrari 166 inter a road going berlinetta coupé with coachwork by carrozzeria touring and other coachbuilders 51 52 the ferrari 166 inter s coupé model won the 1949 coppa inter europa motor race regulations stipulated body form and dimensions but did not at this time specify a minimum production quantity citation needed the car was driven by bruno sterzi and is recognised as the first ferrari gran turismo 52 after that race the national governing body of italian motorsport csai commissione sportiva automobilistica italiana officially introduced a new class called gran turismo internazionale for cars with production over thirty units per year 53 thereby ruling out ferrari s hand built berlinettas 1951 ferrari 212 export edit ferrari s response for the new italian gran turismo internazionale championship in 1951 was the road race ferrari 212 twenty seven short wheelbase competition versions called export some with increasingly popular gran turismo style berlinetta coupé coachwork were produced for enthusiasts ferrari called the first example 212 mm 54 55 while the road version was called inter the ferrari 212 export featured long range fuel tanks high compression pistons and triple weber 32 dcf carburettors power was 170 bhp from the 2600cc gioacchino colombo designed short block v12 engine evolved from the earlier ferrari 166 2000cc and 195 2300cc 56 all versions came with the standard ferrari five speed non synchromesh gearbox and hydraulic drum brakes 57 all 1951 ferraris shared a double tube frame chassis design evolved from the 166 double wishbone front suspension with transverse leaf spring and live rear axle with semi elliptic leaf springs and radius rods were employed 58 the ferrari 212 export 212 mm gran turismo berlinetta chassis no 0070m debuted in first place overall at the april 1951 coppa inter europa driven by luigi villoresi 59 60 and in june chassis no 0092e was first in the gran turismo category at the coppa della toscana driven by milanese ferrari concessionaire and proprietor of scuderia guastalla franco cornacchia 61 62 63 64 the 212 export continued to serve ferrari well in the sports and gt categories until replaced by the 225 s and although it would later be overshadowed by the internationally famous 250 gt the 212 export was an important model in the successful line of colombo engined v12 gt cars that made ferrari legendary 65 ferrari 166 inter coupé carrozzeria touring 1949 etceterini ermini 1100 berlinetta motto 1950 ferrari 212 export vignale coupé 1951 1951 lancia aurelia b20 gt edit 1951 was the debut of lancia s aurelia b20 gt 66 lancia had begun production in 1950 of their technically advanced aurelia saloon the design had been overseen by vittorio jano 38 at the 1951 turin motor show the pinin farina bodied gran turismo b20 coupé version was unveiled to an enthusiastic motoring public here finally according to historians jonathan wood 4 and sam dawson 3 was a fully realised production gt car representing the starting point of the definitive grand tourer this outwardly conventional saloon bristled with innovation and ingenuity in which the masterly hand of vittorio jano is apparent in the b20 are elements of the cistalia of 1947 coupés which pinin undertook on a 6c alfa romeo and maserati in 1948 along with the fiat 1100 s coupé with its rear accommodation for children the original aurelia had been under powered and in 1951 the v6 was enlarged to 1991 cc which was also extended to the coupé though in 75 rather than 70 bhp form as the b20 was developed as a sporting model in its own right in addition the b20 had a shorter wheelbase and a higher rear axle ratio making it a 100 mph car lancia chose the gran turismo name for its new model and the suggestion could only have come from vittorio jano himself for had he not been responsible for the original 1750 alfa romeo of the same name back in 1929 4 four semi ufficiali works b20 gts together with a number of privateer entrants were sent to the mille miglia in april 1951 where the factory bracco maglioli car finished second overall behind only a ferrari sports racer of twice the engine capacity lancia aurelias swept the gt 2 0 litre division 67 in june 1951 bracco was partnered with the father of gt racing himself johnny lurani to race a b20 gt at le mans where they were victorious in the 2 0 litre sportscar division placing 12th overall a 1 2 finish at the famous coppa d oro delle dolomiti 68 among other victories including the 6 ore di pescara 69 rounded out the debut racing season for this car winning its division ...
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