Meta tags:
Headings (most frequently used words):
of, and, the, revolution, 1979, iranian, women, khomeini, 1978, ayatollah, opposition, government, november, december, in, shah, protests, january, february, august, september, participation, impact, 1891, 1977, late, protest, persian, reza, 1941, anglo, 1951, 1963, consolidation, to, appointment, early, on, islamic, muslim, related, conflicts, articles, organizations, 11, massacre, islamist, contents, names, background, prelude, role, aftermath, impacts, depictions, western, media, see, also, references, further, reading, external, links, tobacco, constitutional, 1905, 1911, 1921, soviet, invasion, mohammad, mosaddegh, oil, company, 1952, coup, état, us, influence, white, rise, exile, 1970, beginning, march, reaction, renewed, nationwide, strikes, moves, france, university, tehran, military, muharram, demoralization, army, american, internal, negotiations, with, leaves, 16, bakhtiar, premiership, return, armed, battles, collapse, monarchy, casualties, songs, rhetoric, variation, within, academic, literature, power, establishment, republic, hostage, crisis, suppression, international, gulf, iran, iraq, war, foreign, relations, world, domestic, politics, homosexuality, economic, political, culture, topics, general, notes, citations, sources, historical, analytical, pictures, videos, ideology, groups, outbreak, summer, june, jafar, sharif, emami, as, prime, minister, cinema, rex, fire, 19, declaration, martial, law, jaleh, square, tasu, ashura, marches, 10, among, revolutionaries, ethnic, uprisings, referendum, 12, farvardin, writing, constitution, 1981, 1982, closing, non, newspapers, people, republican, party, left, reactions, black, friday,
Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (2062), and (875), iran (518), #revolution (366), iranian (252), from (236), islamic (218), khomeini (217), was (181), for (170), shah (168), war (165), with (163), #government (161), were (146), 1979 (142), that (138), archived (132), original (117), women (113), isbn (111), retrieved (101), republic (93), january (90), united (89), protests (85), political (80), his (80), february (79), new (79), 978 (76), after (73), had (72), states (69), revolutionary (67), june (67), history (59), 1978 (59), oil (59), their (59), islam (58), opposition (57), coup (57), also (56), iraq (55), press (55), mohammad (54), tehran (54), ayatollah (54), persian (53), civil (53), israel (52), military (52), crisis (52), november (51), relations (50), may (49), 2020 (49), october (49), american (48), august (48), party (48), reza (46), people (46), national (46), international (46), not (46), against (46), university (46), who (46), this (45), 2023 (45), 2019 (45), council (44), saudi (44), conflict (44), dynasty (44), its (43), state (42), between (42), état (42), september (41), has (41), other (41), movement (41), pahlavi (40), power (40), rights (39), december (38), 2024 (37), 1980 (37), east (37), 2000 (37), 1982 (37), main (37), ali (36), anti (36), middle (36), 1981 (36), which (36), more (36), some (36), 2016 (35), are (35), many (35), during (34), 2021 (34), 2015 (34), they (34), have (34), world (33), support (33), israeli (33), 127 (33), 2018 (32), 2022 (32), july (32), article (32), empire (32), would (32), regime (31), york (31), than (31), while (31), groups (30), 2011 (30), arabia (30), soviet (30), march (30), western (30), been (30), first (29), politics (29), operation (29), over (29), all (28), religious (28), constitution (28), minister (28), out (28), 2026 (27), country (27), kingdom (27), strikes (27), see (27), bakhtiar (27), 000 (27), 2025 (26), ruhollah (26), day (26), incident (26), arab (26), prime (26), since (26), shia (26), demonstrations (26), 2010 (26), moin (26), articles (25), public (25), british (25), 2004 (25), 2009 (25), democracy (25), leader (25), one (25), part (25), there (25), organization (24), embassy (24), economic (24), 2014 (24), muslim (24), foreign (24), abrahamian (24), into (24), when (24), law (23), protest (23), 2017 (23), time (23), most (23), began (23), 133 (23), under (22), related (22), general (22), led (22), referendum (22), human (22), 2003 (22), iranians (22), monarchy (22), but (22), such (22), non (21), death (21), attacks (21), attack (21), influence (21), anglo (21), 2013 (21), south (21), front (21), president (21), 1977 (21), 119 (21), policy (20), white (20), 1953 (20), 2012 (20), 1984 (20), supreme (20), 1963 (20), two (20), social (20), culture (20), became (20), them (20), him (20), about (19), april (19), gulf (19), 2008 (19), security (19), exile (19), islamist (19), leaders (19), 1988 (19), army (19), days (19), modern (19), constitutional (19), doi (19), bakhash (19), secular (19), america (18), syria (18), hezbollah (18), 2006 (18), uprising (18), massacre (18), attempt (18), years (18), early (18), news (18), 1997 (18), savak (18), only (18), armed (18), protesters (18), clergy (18), however (18), these (18), you (17), wayback (17), abbas (17), great (17), cooperation (17), assembly (17), freedom (17), officials (17), list (17), invasion (17), lebanon (17), events (17), major (17), black (17), year (17), machine (17), 1983 (17), even (17), declared (17), rule (17), 134 (17), conflicts (16), society (16), north (16), khamenei (16), down (16), hostage (16), company (16), insurgency (16), africa (16), post (16), portal (16), did (16), keddie (16), pdf (16), countries (16), forces (16), took (16), shariatmadari (16), several (16), both (16), left (15), soldiers (15), period (15), terrorism (15), conference (15), cia (15), resistance (15), nuclear (15), diplomatic (15), order (15), assassination (15), killed (15), life (15), democratic (15), rebellion (15), class (15), later (15), republican (15), bazargan (15), including (15), executed (14), mosaddegh (14), students (14), through (14), carter (14), john (14), syrian (14), imperial (14), yemen (14), mass (14), second (14), imam (14), family (14), return (14), islamism (14), ideology (14), pro (14), martial (14), note (14), corruption (14), series (14), kurzman (14), following (14), page (13), number (13), action (13), sanctions (13), air (13), impact (13), iraqi (13), books (13), based (13), organizations (13), friday (13), workers (13), times (13), 346 (13), further (13), street (13), according (13), being (13), called (13), fire (13), control (12), involvement (12), michael (12), act (12), strike (12), dispute (12), russia (12), bbc (12), 2007 (12), tobacco (12), ahmad (12), house (12), topics (12), nations (12), cultural (12), popular (12), doctrine (12), fall (12), independence (12), reform (12), force (12), 224 (12), century (12), com (12), much (12), back (12), role (12), karim (12), among (12), any (12), rather (12), often (12), made (12), increasingly (12), revolutionaries (12), participation (12), streets (12), toggle (11), wars (11), mehdi (11), timeline (11), free (11), agreement (11), coalition (11), proxy (11), border (11), background (11), region (11), 1975 (11), police (11), justice (11), parties (11), cold (11), liberal (11), 1985 (11), 1952 (11), media (11), guardian (11), cities (11), 1996 (11), rise (11), full (11), said (11), same (11), how (11), men (11), members (11), continued (11), moderate (11), city (11), emami (11), wikipedia (10), dead (10), links (10), category (10), revolutions (10), 1970s (10), hossein (10), amir (10), school (10), high (10), change (10), william (10), association (10), group (10), program (10), office (10), theory (10), interim (10), industry (10), washington (10), casualties (10), head (10), khuzestan (10), velayat (10), movements (10), development (10), pakistan (10), union (10), radio (10), communist (10), china (10), riots (10), ashura (10), parliament (10), before (10), vol (10), large (10), taheri (10), schirazi (10), prisoners (10), 155 (10), supported (10), now (10), like (10), well (10), those (10), himself (10), within (10), late (10), demonstration (10), demonstrators (10), instead (10), sharif (10), without (9), sources (9), mojahedin (9), overthrow (9), studies (9), sponsored (9), robert (9), gaza (9), plot (9), alliance (9), yemeni (9), will (9), aftermath (9), eastern (9), ambassadors (9), 1921 (9), plan (9), russian (9), europe (9), execution (9), 1987 (9), libyan (9), intervention (9), faqih (9), court (9), qom (9), 1989 (9), 1970 (9), nation (9), nationalism (9), third (9), student (9), newspapers (9), system (9), victory (9), oclc (9), needed (9), per (9), cabinet (9), million (9), established (9), 200 (9), working (9), increased (9), especially (9), despite (9), claimed (9), supporters (9), secretary (9), broke (9), known (9), remained (9), subsection (9), view (8), last (8), cs1 (8), french (8), data (8), opponents (8), mahmoud (8), elections (8), seizure (8), oman (8), can (8), jimmy (8), incidents (8), tabriz (8), london (8), concession (8), 2005 (8), until (8), jurist (8), asia (8), historical (8), book (8), violence (8), turkey (8), islami (8), britain (8), turkish (8), neo (8), thought (8), 1991 (8), german (8), berlin (8), kurdish (8), 1947 (8), election (8), guerrilla (8), traditional (8), education (8), economy (8), laws (8), 1925 (8), caliphate (8), kings (8), what (8), guards (8), god (8), 1994 (8), graham (8), capita (8), future (8), anniversary (8), 156 (8), 140 (8), turned (8), theocracy (8), muharram (8), gholam (8), 196 (8), troops (8), guerrillas (8), speech (8), three (8), become (8), work (8), throughout (8), theocratic (8), our (8), place (8), itself (8), establishment (8), leftist (8), chairman (8), thousands (8), banisadr (8), organized (8), civilian (8), effectively (8), 131 (8), own (8), create (8), sanjabi (8), search (7), use (7), external (7), france (7), hassan (7), saeed (7), officers (7), institute (7), 1998 (7), david (7), stephen (7), guard (7), reactions (7), campaign (7), ceasefire (7), missile (7), airstrikes (7), arrest (7), bombing (7), negotiations (7), warsaw (7), affair (7), letter (7), bahrain (7), little (7), mostafa (7), houthi (7), palestine (7), qatif (7), egyptian (7), decade (7), hussein (7), revival (7), imperialism (7), faith (7), grand (7), figures (7), militant (7), muhammad (7), young (7), shariati (7), guardianship (7), english (7), apartheid (7), communism (7), capitalism (7), square (7), summer (7), struggle (7), strategic (7), 1948 (7), literature (7), trade (7), local (7), repression (7), classical (7), 132 (7), milani (7), britannica (7), man (7), harvard (7), shapour (7), king (7), roy (7), nashat (7), mackey (7), reign (7), oxford (7), amuzegar (7), taylor (7), journal (7), jstor (7), 195 (7), european (7), put (7), official (7), here (7), top (7), arrested (7), off (7), returned (7), eventually (7), then (7), issn (7), special (7), nationalist (7), 165 (7), 1891 (7), another (7), where (7), end (7), decades (7), came (7), themselves (7), 1941 (7), although (7), around (7), created (7), information (7), attacked (7), particularly (7), followers (7), held (7), help (7), 118 (7), jafar (7), land (7), contact (6), using (6), citations (6), org (6), story (6), axis (6), academic (6), masoud (6), alleged (6), treaty (6), counter (6), executive (6), intelligence (6), espionage (6), engagement (6), flight (6), diplomacy (6), paris (6), red (6), line (6), present (6), censorship (6), qatar (6), resolution (6), 1990 (6), governance (6), declaration (6), abu (6), jihadism (6), bloc (6), sharia (6), james (6), liberalism (6), chicago (6), sino (6), polish (6), peace (6), liberation (6), greek (6), 1960 (6), 1946 (6), revolt (6), pre (6), name (6), symbols (6), intellectual (6), cinema (6), higher (6), owned (6), experts (6), largest (6), 1335 (6), 226 (6), pictures (6), still (6), routledge (6), eds (6), 300 (6), center (6), holy (6), daniel (6), 141 (6), algar (6), 2001 (6), arjomand (6), ervand (6), 1993 (6), business (6), gdp (6), inflation (6), 2002 (6), reports (6), publishing (6), norton (6), never (6), grew (6), allies (6), open (6), 241 (6), arafat (6), reported (6), various (6), saying (6), songs (6), situation (6), changed (6), numbers (6), secret (6), huyser (6), mobilization (6), 162 (6), buildings (6), whom (6), included (6), result (6), taleghani (6), billion (6), significant (6), leading (6), occurred (6), 202 (6), closing (6), seen (6), success (6), islamists (6), ruler (6), taking (6), powers (6), neither (6), must (6), believed (6), provisional (6), important (6), hundreds (6), executions (6), released (6), intended (6), months (6), monarchism (6), adams (6), factions (6), reasons (6), leadership (6), ordered (6), regency (6), appointed (6), administration (6), month (6), production (6), languages (5), terms (5), foundation (5), pages (5), link (5), language (5), dutch (5), long (5), index (5), sadegh (5), rahimi (5), javad (5), hoveyda (5), politicians (5), community (5), violations (5), bank (5), review (5), korea (5), base (5), erbil (5), strait (5), hormuz (5), accords (5), maritime (5), criticism (5), island (5), affairs (5), persia (5), india (5), royal (5), personnel (5), crimes (5), terror (5), palestinian (5), egypt (5), exchange (5), battle (5), science (5), sunni (5), kuwait (5), arabian (5), earth (5), separatism (5), son (5), jihad (5), zionism (5), contemporary (5), mosque (5), zia (5), haq (5), green (5), 1969 (5), qutb (5), 1964 (5), iqbal (5), omar (5), salafi (5), ramadan (5), allah (5), morocco (5), cause (5), central (5), socialism (5), jurists (5), concepts (5), khomeinism (5), lewis (5), arms (5), liberty (5), propaganda (5), pact (5), supply (5), taiwan (5), 1986 (5), able (5), cambodian (5), spanish (5), 1973 (5), 1971 (5), lead (5), african (5), consolidation (5), allied (5), chinese (5), cyrus (5), presidential (5), universities (5), religion (5), persecution (5), research (5), places (5), industries (5), issues (5), judicial (5), azerbaijan (5), majlis (5), qajar (5), 1736 (5), 750 (5), 651 (5), 312 (5), 550 (5), legacy (5), beyond (5), few (5), marxist (5), service (5), published (5), fundamentalism (5), global (5), abc (5), macmillan (5), 253 (5), failure (5), francis (5), doing (5), financial (5), www (5), gni (5), ppp (5), report (5), fighting (5), your (5), veil (5), release (5), hamid (5), unity (5), accessed (5), ties (5), soon (5), avoid (5), s2cid (5), 1080 (5), 128 (5), martyrs (5), consolidated (5), 111 (5), 275 (5), 151 (5), works (5), 231 (5), tucker (5), allowed (5), jaleh (5), federal (5), jones (5), violent (5), madison (5), classes (5), 230 (5), discourse (5), shi (5), ideological (5), each (5), causes (5), fear (5), went (5), example (5), clerics (5), kazem (5), baháʼís (5), west (5), set (5), considered (5), way (5), beheshti (5), because (5), changes (5), demanded (5), wanted (5), used (5), male (5), vote (5), whether (5), replaced (5), dissidents (5), cut (5), widespread (5), event (5), least (5), credited (5), point (5), behind (5), hostages (5), sought (5), former (5), nor (5), mek (5), supporting (5), ira (5), khalq (5), gave (5), activists (5), morteza (5), motahhari (5), mid (5), mujahedin (5), home (5), massive (5), corrupt (5), courts (5), either (5), followed (5), banned (5), powerful (5), should (5), appointment (5), fact (5), peasant (5), spread (5), argue (5), effect (5), file (5), involved (5), rhetoric (5), marches (5), 500 (5), deaths (5), every (5), rebels (5), decided (5), muslims (5), form (5), angered (5), felt (5), immediately (5), monarch (5), tasu (5), deadly (5), mosques (5), burned (5), rex (5), move (5), 1951 (5), pezeshkian (5), contents (4), text (4), commons (4), video (4), republics (4), involving (4), yale (4), nasser (4), manouchehr (4), mansour (4), isfahan (4), satan (4), activities (4), scott (4), ahmed (4), case (4), 100 (4), ban (4), pressure (4), twelve (4), drone (4), bases (4), suez (4), airstrike (4), raid (4), guadeloupe (4), paul (4), stability (4), abadan (4), nationalization (4), command (4), claims (4), near (4), game (4), old (4), province (4), navy (4), siege (4), occupation (4), defense (4), hamas (4), cyprus (4), diplomats (4), outside (4), killing (4), lebanese (4), prelude (4), jews (4), member (4), airport (4), unrest (4), nimr (4), mecca (4), blow (4), summit (4), fajr (4), forty (4), hadith (4), tahrir (4), hijab (4), positions (4), neauphle (4), château (4), spring (4), congress (4), islamization (4), gaddafi (4), asad (4), principles (4), salafism (4), ibn (4), din (4), jamaat (4), deobandi (4), smith (4), thomas (4), aligned (4), ethnic (4), side (4), ideologies (4), truman (4), afghan (4), korean (4), reaction (4), solidarity (4), ndf (4), split (4), vietnam (4), four (4), riot (4), six (4), italy (4), 1966 (4), emergency (4), annexation (4), night (4), debate (4), consequences (4), 1954 (4), 1949 (4), parliamentary (4), unthinkable (4), water (4), sistan (4), baluchestan (4), technology (4), abroad (4), peoples (4), councils (4), consultative (4), ministry (4), children (4), kurdistan (4), sister (4), 1922 (4), 1905 (4), 1911 (4), 1794 (4), qoyunlu (4), 1090 (4), 661 (4), 220 (4), armenia (4), 539 (4), 1155 (4), 2700 (4), akbar (4), socialist (4), elite (4), names (4), perspective (4), publication (4), basic (4), simon (4), schuster (4), tauris (4), syracuse (4), azar (4), reading (4), biography (4), cambridge (4), inside (4), translated (4), 142 (4), shirley (4), 674 (4), charles (4), roots (4), sovereignty (4), brumberg (4), fundamentalist (4), pahlavis (4), 203 (4), worldbank (4), constant (4), expression (4), afkhami (4), encyclopædia (4), quoted (4), 148 (4), ایران (4), gov (4), stance (4), facto (4), 153 (4), denounced (4), southern (4), era (4), hunger (4), ireland (4), balance (4), received (4), issue (4), helped (4), rehman (4), javaid (4), grave (4), committed (4), van (4), rastyad (4), 222 (4), 187 (4), source (4), amnesty (4), 108 (4), ansari (4), past (4), 206 (4), encyclopedia (4), 121 (4), 1017 (4), victims (4), rapporteur (4), 136 (4), why (4), coming (4), 185 (4), 375 (4), discontent (4), 207 (4), 198 (4), final (4), injustice (4), elements (4), loyal (4), might (4), exiled (4), backed (4), intentions (4), writers (4), writing (4), forced (4), shiraz (4), real (4), frequently (4), attempts (4), independent (4), cleric (4), prominent (4), transparency (4), grown (4), yet (4), increase (4), actions (4), elected (4), scale (4), encouraged (4), remaining (4), suffered (4), fought (4), beginning (4), emerged (4), brought (4), mullahs (4), whose (4), recently (4), thousand (4), bodies (4), significantly (4), population (4), promised (4), others (4), next (4), collapse (4), recent (4), committees (4), prevent (4), though (4), rejected (4), calling (4), larger (4), weapons (4), meet (4), favor (4), far (4), hoped (4), hezbollahi (4), failed (4), suppressed (4), nearly (4), clashed (4), abolhassan (4), rank (4), shortly (4), issued (4), idea (4), due (4), giving (4), very (4), addition (4), appoint (4), resulted (4), critical (4), described (4), proclamation (4), 1935 (4), contract (4), discourses (4), publica (4), skinner (4), jefferson (4), flynn (4), produced (4), thus (4), position (4), curfew (4), homes (4), urban (4), joined (4), responded (4), historian (4), stop (4), potential (4), commander (4), sent (4), declaring (4), crowd (4), departure (4), sullivan (4), telegram (4), 130 (4), removed (4), yazdi (4), tools (4), najaf (4), strikers (4), nationwide (4), blamed (4), rastakhiz (4), read (4), tudeh (4), westernization (4), 11th (4), hide (4), sidebar (4), table (3), legal (3), contacts (3), available (3), wikimedia (3), inc (3), wikidata (3), marked (3), image (3), short (3), different (3), rebellions (3), authority (3), ghotbzadeh (3), nematollah (3), nassiri (3), moghaddam (3), heart (3), sentiment (3), abdul (3), soleimani (3), joseph (3), abdullah (3), rubin (3), 113 (3), comprehensive (3), accountability (3), trump (3), leak (3), plans (3), clashes (3), naval (3), shoot (3), kidnapping (3), detention (3), project (3), jalal (3), capture (3), franklin (3), khobar (3), towers (3), beirut (3), barracks (3), algiers (3), construct (3), bush (3), safari (3), club (3), exercise (3), section (3), posts (3), conspiracy (3), network (3), archive (3), mohsen (3), sea (3), cross (3), 1992 (3), 1999 (3), organisation (3), missions (3), allegiance (3), zahra (3), wife (3), sex (3), massacres (3), aspects (3), response (3), philosophy (3), influences (3), izetbegović (3), 1961 (3), 1930s (3), reconstruction (3), mujahideen (3), akhundzada (3), taliban (3), qutbism (3), propagation (3), haji (3), modernism (3), ansar (3), welfare (3), prosperous (3), construction (3), bangladesh (3), pan (3), feminism (3), nato (3), timothy (3), gabriel (3), race (3), active (3), measures (3), authoritarianism (3), totalitarianism (3), marxism (3), economics (3), conservatism (3), reagan (3), peaceful (3), indian (3), ping (3), mongolian (3), wall (3), somali (3), geneva (3), demands (3), eritrean (3), 1980s (3), 1976 (3), indochina (3), genocide (3), indonesian (3), metapolitefsi (3), 1972 (3), richard (3), 1968 (3), indonesia (3), brazilian (3), cuban (3), 1960s (3), 1956 (3), crises (3), germany (3), division (3), 1906 (3), 1890 (3), coups (3), mythology (3), date (3), achaemenid (3), rankings (3), scholars (3), baháʼí (3), minorities (3), centers (3), industrial (3), fund (3), companies (3), petroleum (3), agency (3), currency (3), equipment (3), bonyad (3), trust (3), provincial (3), punishment (3), caucasus (3), mixed (3), heads (3), persians (3), greater (3), ancient (3), 1918 (3), 20th (3), 1468 (3), 1370 (3), 1357 (3), 1231 (3), 977 (3), 934 (3), 1062 (3), 632 (3), parthian (3), 247 (3), 281 (3), 295 (3), 323 (3), 330 (3), assyrian (3), elamite (3), civilization (3), 3100 (3), 3400 (3), version (3), slideshow (3), audio (3), mansoor (3), analysis (3), foucault (3), chamber (3), person (3), 3rd (3), 582 (3), 240 (3), khomeinist (3), frank (3), fate (3), ally (3), sick (3), 8156 (3), matter (3), stanford (3), documentation (3), random (3), publishers (3), survey (3), agent (3), 415 (3), clio (3), axworthy (3), turmoil (3), spirit (3), soul (3), citation (3), nikki (3), isfandiyārī (3), wilson (3), lives (3), harney (3), account (3), gölz (3), den (3), 229 (3), shaul (3), azari (3), farah (3), amanat (3), california (3), rate (3), risk (3), gay (3), lucas (3), recognition (3), 286 (3), 227 (3), azam (3), eyes (3), ganji (3), syed (3), 287 (3), opportunities (3), literacy (3), policies (3), 138 (3), 276 (3), molavi (3), afshin (3), scholar (3), nasr (3), vali (3), changing (3), mission (3), slightly (3), half (3), sell (3), again (3), hostile (3), extensive (3), largely (3), kept (3), get (3), 1950 (3), majority (3), give (3), 174 (3), christian (3), 393 (3), 255 (3), 129 (3), wright (3), robin (3), commonwealth (3), 331 (3), online (3), 293 (3), irish (3), turn (3), strength (3), declined (3), offered (3), 175 (3), 242 (3), 158 (3), 159 (3), 238 (3), 144 (3), 123 (3), 234 (3), 219 (3), atrocity (3), collective (3), concerning (3), 221 (3), 164 (3), mark (3), atlantic (3), 249 (3), 248 (3), 228 (3), 218 (3), 211 (3), 135 (3), 124 (3), 101 (3), hopkins (3), 357 (3), 292 (3), associated (3), spencer (3), 204 (3), 146 (3), prescott (3), bring (3), importance (3), transformation (3), 261 (3), institution (3), age (3), lessons (3), 182 (3), 184 (3), fischer (3), 194 (3), 145 (3), 201 (3), 215 (3), 264 (3), baghi (3), 143 (3), emperor (3), 34038 (3), 178 (3), 214 (3), 260 (3), 189 (3), destruction (3), risen (3), crushed (3), good (3), rebel (3), overwhelmed (3), banks (3), reached (3), approximately (3), allowing (3), 781 (3), fedai (3), include (3), references (3), movie (3), creating (3), everything (3), novel (3), upon (3), persepolis (3), officer (3), found (3), opportunity (3), conditions (3), conservative (3), tried (3), need (3), believe (3), hard (3), dependent (3), rials (3), dollars (3), level (3), prices (3), homosexuals (3), backgrounds (3), join (3), politicization (3), towards (3), leave (3), cover (3), offices (3), succeeded (3), prior (3), difficult (3), gained (3), once (3), worse (3), critics (3), torture (3), deprived (3), jobs (3), expelled (3), minority (3), five (3), governmental (3), levels (3), observers (3), understand (3), self (3), equality (3), argues (3), effort (3), expense (3), lasting (3), establish (3), setting (3), quickly (3), 120 (3), entire (3), rose (3), throne (3), imposed (3), condemned (3), completely (3), provided (3), assistance (3), signed (3), invaded (3), replacement (3), saddam (3), want (3), showed (3), republicans (3), sands (3), churchill (3), saw (3), goals (3), 284 (3), block (3), underground (3), impacts (3), irp (3), make (3), reconciliation (3), leftists (3), closed (3), too (3), dismissed (3), mprp (3), spiritual (3), stage (3), clerical (3), injured (3), opposing (3), carried (3), communists (3), socialists (3), liberals (3), charges (3), estimated (3), senior (3), generals (3), eliminate (3), announced (3), started (3), just (3), met (3), having (3), seized (3), approved (3), draft (3), small (3), false (3), farvardin (3), opposed (3), federalist (3), newspaper (3), taken (3), resignation (3), clothes (3), common (3), radicalism (3), variants (3), schools (3), separation (3), key (3), core (3), could (3), rival (3), daily (3), factors (3), circumstances (3), counterparts (3), personal (3), participating (3), marched (3), presence (3), mobilizing (3), fueling (3), ladies (3), proved (3), contributed (3), royalist (3), figure (3), stations (3), attempted (3), crowds (3), tensions (3), paralyzed (3), nothing (3), clear (3), welcoming (3), virtually (3), ettela (3), premiership (3), deputy (3), ambassador (3), 166 (3), remain (3), crackdown (3), seeking (3), perceived (3), previous (3), reaching (3), husayn (3), deployed (3), backfired (3), 157 (3), azhari (3), fight (3), break (3), income (3), oveissi (3), liberalization (3), finally (3), mourning (3), chief (3), seminary (3), died (3), hands (3), toward (3), reforms (3), wealth (3), absolute (3), dulles (3), bagher (3), montazeri (3), vice (3), 6th (3), topic (2), statement (2), code (2), privacy (2), additional (2), site (2), profit (2), categories (2), containing (2), uses (2), url (2), incomplete (2), unsourced (2), statements (2), maint (2), periodical (2), needing (2), value (2), description (2), mousavi (2), mohammadi (2), khalkhali (2), sirous (2), khosrow (2), wing (2), khosrodad (2), naji (2), seyyed (2), amini (2), afshar (2), rouhani (2), habib (2), gholamreza (2), peter (2), church (2), damavand (2), college (2), 650 (2), fifth (2), frozen (2), assets (2), containment (2), majid (2), bay (2), maryam (2), parsi (2), namazi (2), hosseini (2), abdel (2), mirza (2), haleh (2), esfandiari (2), banki (2), saberi (2), craig (2), ritter (2), howard (2), kaveh (2), corps (2), citizens (2), communities (2), individuals (2), amity (2), certain (2), consular (2), staff (2), proliferation (2), amendment (2), nonproliferation (2), legislation (2)
Text of the page (random words):
powers social contract social equality schools gaullism jeffersonian democracy kantianism kemalism khomeinism nasserism venizelism types autonomous capitalist christian classical democratic directorial system federal federal council imperial islamic maritime modern parliamentary peasant people s revolutionary secular sister socialist philosophers adams john arendt baggini bello bentham berlin bodin cattaneo chappell cicero condorcet crick franklin harrington honderich jefferson kant locke machiavelli madison marx mazzini mill montesquieu paine pettit polybius rousseau sandel sidney skinner quentin sunstein tocqueville warburton wollstonecraft politicians adams gerry adams john ashton atatürk azaña bartley benn bennett bolívar chapman clark katy clarke tom connolly cromwell davidson de gaulle de valera drakeford etherington fabiani ferguson flynn paul flynn stephen foot gambetta garibaldi grévy griffith griffiths harvie hatton hébert hopkins huppert iorwerth jackson jay jefferson jones elin jones lynne juárez kane khomeini la malfa lenin lewis lincoln lucas mackay mackenzie madison magid manley mannin mcdonnell mckechin mottley mullin nandy naysmith nehru papineau pound prescott ritchie robespierre sayed sillars singh skates skinner dennis slater slaughter smith spadolini stuart sun taverne venizelos washington whitlam wilson wood theoretical works republic c 375 bc de re publica 54 51 bc discourses on livy 1531 the tenure of kings and magistrates 1649 the commonwealth of oceana 1656 discourses concerning government 1698 the spirit of law 1748 discourse on inequality 1755 the social contract 1762 the federalist papers 1787 1788 rights of man 1791 perpetual peace a philosophical sketch 1794 democracy in america 1835 1840 on revolution 1963 history roman republic gaṇasaṅgha classical athens republic of venice republic of genoa republic of florence dutch republic american revolution french revolution spanish american wars of independence trienio liberal french revolution of 1848 proclamation of the republic 5 october 1910 revolution chinese revolution russian revolution german revolution of 1918 1919 turkish war of independence mongolian revolution of 1921 11 september 1922 revolution 1935 greek coup attempt spanish civil war 1944 icelandic constitutional referendum 1946 italian institutional referendum egyptian revolution of 1952 14 july revolution 1960 south african republic referendum north yemen civil war zanzibar revolution 1969 libyan revolution 1970 cambodian coup d état metapolitefsi 1974 greek republic referendum iranian revolution 1987 fijian coups d état 1993 brazilian constitutional referendum nepalese civil war barbadian republic proclamation national variants antigua and barbuda australia bahamas barbados canada ireland jamaica japan morocco netherlands new zealand norway spain catalonia sweden united kingdom scotland wales united states republic days armenia azerbaijan china iceland india iran italy kazakhstan malta moldova nepal niger north korea north macedonia pakistan philippines taiwan turkey related topics classical radicalism common good communitarianism consul criticism of monarchy egalitarianism the emperor s new clothes jacobinism liberalism list of monarchy referendums list of republics monarchism peasant republic primus inter pares republic without republicans republican empire republican party politics portal v t e part of a series on the history of iran prehistoric period bce bc baradostian culture c 36 000 18 000 zarzian culture c 20 000 10 000 shulaveri shomu culture c 6000 5000 zayandeh river culture c 6th millennium dalma culture c 5th millennium ancient period kura araxes culture 3400 2000 helmand culture jiroft culture c 3300 2200 proto elamite 3100 2700 lullubi kingdom zamua c 3100 675 elam 2700 539 marhaši c 2550 2020 oxus civilization c 2400 1700 akkadian empire 2400 2150 kassites c 1500 1155 avestan period c 1500 500 neo assyrian empire 911 609 urartu 860 590 mannaea 850 616 zikirti 750 521 saparda 720 670 imperial period median empire 678 550 bc scythian kingdom 652 625 bc anshanite kingdom 635 bc 550 bc neo babylonian empire 626 bc 539 bc sogdia c 6th century bc 11th century ad achaemenid empire 550 bc 330 bc kingdom of armenia 331 bc 428 ad atropatene c 323 bc 226 ad kingdom of cappadocia 320s bc 17 ad seleucid empire 312 bc 63 bc kingdom of pontus 281 bc 62 bc fratarakas 3rd century bc 132 bc parthian empire 247 bc 224 ad elymais 147 bc 224 ad characene 141 bc 222 ad kings of persis 132 bc 224 ad indo parthian kingdom 19 ad 224 5 paratarajas 125 300 sasanian empire 224 651 zarmihrids 6th century 785 qarinvandids 550s 11th century medieval period ce ad rashidun caliphate 632 661 umayyad caliphate 661 750 abbasid caliphate 750 1258 dabuyids 642 760 bavandids 651 1349 masmughans of damavand 651 760 baduspanids 665 1598 justanids 791 11th century alid dynasties 864 14th century tahirid dynasty 821 873 samanid empire 819 999 saffarid dynasty 861 1003 ghurid dynasty pre 879 1215 sajid dynasty 889 929 sallarid dynasty 919 1062 ziyarid dynasty 930 1090 ilyasids 932 968 buyid dynasty 934 1062 rawadid dynasty 955 1070 hasanwayhids 959 1095 ghaznavid dynasty 977 1186 annazids 990 1 1117 kakuyids 1008 1141 nasrid dynasty 1029 1236 shabankara 1030 1355 seljuk empire 1037 1194 khwarazmian dynasty 1077 1231 nizari ismaili state 1090 1257 kingdom of hormuz 11th century 1622 eldiguzids 1135 1225 atabegs of yazd 1141 1319 salghurids 1148 1282 hazaraspids 1155 1424 pishkinid dynasty 1155 1231 khorshidi dynasty 1184 1597 qutlugh khanids 1223 1306 eshaqvand dynasty c mid 13th century 1592 mihrabanids 1236 1537 kurt dynasty 1244 1396 ilkhanate empire 1256 1335 chobanid dynasty 1335 1357 muzaffarid dynasty 1335 1393 jalayirid sultanate 1337 1376 sarbadars 1337 1376 injuids 1335 1357 afrasiyab dynasty 1349 1504 mar ashis 1359 1596 timurid empire 1370 1507 kar kiya dynasty 1370s 1592 qara qoyunlu 1406 1468 musha sha 1435 1736 aq qoyunlu 1468 1508 early modern period safavid iran 1501 1736 hotak empire 1722 1729 afsharid iran 1736 1796 zand iran 1751 1794 modern period qajar iran 1789 1925 pahlavi iran 1925 1979 contemporary period iranian revolution 1979 islamic republic 1979 present related articles name monarchs heads of state economic history lgbt history military history women s history wars before 1979 after 1979 timeline iran portal v t e politics of iran government of iran constitution of iran leadership supreme leader mojtaba khamenei guardianship of the islamic jurist assembly of experts chairman mohammad ali movahedi kermani first deputy chairman hashem hosseini bushehri second deputy chairman alireza arafi executive president list masoud pezeshkian first vice president list mohammad reza aref supervisor of presidential administration mohammad ja far ghaempanah head of president s office mohsen haji mirzaei spokesperson of the government fatemeh mohajerani cabinet government of masoud pezeshkian legislative islamic consultative assembly speaker mohammad bagher ghalibaf first vice ali nikzad second vice hamid reza haji babaee guardian council de facto leader ahmad jannati secretary ahmad jannati judicial chief justice gholam hossein mohseni ezhe i attorney general mohammad movahedi azad ministry of justice minister amin hossein rahimi supreme audit court president unknown supreme court head mohammad jafar montazeri islamic revolutionary court special clerical court head mohammad jafar montazeri general inspection office high council for human rights secretary nasser seraj supreme councils supreme national security council chairman masoud pezeshkian as president secretary mohammad bagher zolghadr defence council chairman masoud pezeshkian as president secretary vacant supreme council of the cultural revolution chairman masoud pezeshkian as president secretary abdol hossein khosrow panah expediency discernment council chairman sadiq larijani secretary mohammad bagher zolghadr spokesperson mohsen dehnavi local government local councils elections democracy election office guardian council recent and future elections supreme leader 1989 2026 presidential 2021 2024 next legislative 2020 2024 experts 2016 2024 local 2021 2025 political ideologies and factions main factions reformists principlists ideologies conservatism liberalism monarchism nationalism pan iranism socialism intellectual backdrop anti capitalism hossein borujerdi ahmad fardid islamic government ruhollah khomeini propaganda in iran ali shariati sayyid qutb foreign relations ministry of foreign affairs minister abbas araghchi diplomatic missions of in iran shanghai cooperation organisation nationality law passport visa requirements visa policy related topics armed forces taxation iran portal politics portal other countries v t e this article is part of a series about mohammad reza pahlavi personal dynasty family tree death and state funeral reign 1941 1979 anglo soviet invasion of iran iran crisis of 1946 nationalization of the iranian oil industry 1952 uprising 1953 coup d état savak great civilization white revolution iranian land reform coronation 2 500 year celebration of the persian empire seizure of abu musa and the greater and lesser tunbs rastakhiz party leadership 1975 algiers agreement state visits overthrow and exile 1979 1980 island of stability guadeloupe conference the shah is gone iranian revolution works and writings answer to history aryamehr quran legacy javid shah monarchism in iran national car museum of iran pahlavism pahlavi gold coins titles and honours aryamehr king of kings more titles and honours v t e the iranian revolution note 1 also known as the islamic revolution 3 culminated in the overthrow of the pahlavi dynasty in 1979 the revolution led to the replacement of the imperial state of iran by the islamic republic of iran as the monarchical government of shah mohammad reza pahlavi was superseded by ruhollah khomeini an islamist cleric who had headed one of the rebel factions and became the country s supreme leader 4 154 the ousting of mohammad reza pahlavi the last shah of iran formally marked the end of iran s historical monarchy 5 in 1953 the cia and mi6 backed 1953 iranian coup d état overthrew iran s prime minister mohammad mossadegh who had nationalized the anglo persian oil company 6 7 8 the coup reinstated mohammad reza pahlavi as an absolute monarch and significantly increased the level of influence of the united states over iran 9 in 1963 the shah had launched the white revolution a top down modernization and land reform program that alienated many sectors of society especially the clergy khomeini emerged as a vocal critic and was exiled in 1964 however as ideological tensions persisted between pahlavi and khomeini anti government demonstrations began in october 1977 developing into a campaign of civil resistance that included communists socialists and islamists 10 11 12 mass protests were underway a key turning point occurred on 19 august 1978 when the cinema rex fire by islamic militants killed around 400 people 13 14 however a large portion of the public believed it was a false flag operation by savak the shah s secret police to discredit the opposition and justify a crackdown fueling nationwide outrage and mobilization by the end of 1978 the revolution had become a broad based uprising that paralyzed the country for the remainder of that year 15 16 on 16 january 1979 pahlavi left iran for exile 17 leaving his duties to iran s regency council and shapour bakhtiar the opposition based prime minister on 1 february 1979 khomeini returned following an invitation by the government 18 19 several million greeted him as he landed in tehran 20 by 11 february the monarchy was brought down and khomeini assumed leadership while guerrillas and rebel troops overwhelmed pahlavi loyalists in armed combat 21 22 following the march 1979 islamic republic referendum in which 98 approved the shift to an islamic republic the new government began drafting the present day constitution of the islamic republic of iran 23 10 11 24 25 khomeini emerged as the absolute supreme leader of iran in december 1979 26 the revolution was fueled by widespread perceptions of the shah s regime as corrupt repressive and overly reliant on foreign powers particularly the united states and the united kingdom at the expense of iran s sovereignty and cultural identity 27 28 however others perceived the revolution s success as unusual 29 since it lacked customary causes of revolutionary sentiment e g defeat in war financial crisis peasant rebellion or disgruntled military 30 it occurred in a country experiencing relative prosperity 18 25 produced profound change at great speed 31 and resulted in a massive exile that characterizes a large portion of iranian diaspora 32 and replaced a pro western secular 33 but authoritarian monarchy 18 with an anti western islamic republic 18 24 25 34 based on the concept of velâyat e faqih guardianship of the islamic jurist straddling between authoritarianism and totalitarianism 35 in addition to declaring the destruction of israel as a core objective 36 37 post revolutionary iran aimed to undermine the influence of sunni leaders in the region by supporting shi ite political ascendancy and exporting khomeinist doctrines abroad 38 in the aftermath of the revolution iran began to back shia militancy across the region to expand its influence in the arab world seeking to establish an iranian led shia political and military order in the middle east 39 names while the name iranian revolution note 2 is common it is also referred to as the 1979 revolution the islamic revolution note 3 or the islamic revolution of 1979 background 1891 1977 main article background and causes of the iranian revolution reasons advanced for the revolution and its populist nationalist and later shia islamic character include a backlash against forced westernization and imperialism the 1953 iranian coup d état a rise in expectations created by the 1973 oil revenue windfall an overly ambitious economic program autocratic rule anger over a short sharp economic contraction in 1977 1978 and note 4 other shortcomings of the previous regime the shah s regime was seen as oppressive brutal 45 46 corrupt and lavish by some of the society s classes at that time 45 47 it also suffered from functional failures that brought economic bottlenecks shortages and inflation 48 the shah was perceived by many as beholden to if not a puppet of a non muslim western power i e the united states 49 50 whose culture was affecting that of iran at the same time support for the shah may have waned among western politicians and media especially under the administration of us president jimmy carter as a result of the shah s support for opec petroleum price increases earlier in the decade 51 when president carter enacted a human rights policy which said that countries guilty of human rights violations would be deprived of american arms or aid this helped give some ir...
|
