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traditional faiths 17 0 no religion 9 40 other not stated 5 80 church in kpalime according to a 2012 us government religious freedoms report in 2004 the university of lomé estimated that 33 of the population were traditional animists 28 were roman catholic 20 sunni muslim 9 protestant and another 5 belonged to other christian denominations the remaining 5 were reported to include persons not affiliated with any religious group the report noted that many christians and muslims continue to perform indigenous religious practices 110 in 2020 the world factbook estimated that 42 3 of the population was christian and 14 muslim with 36 9 being followers of indigenous beliefs less than one percent being hindus jews and followers of other religions and 6 2 being unaffiliated 88 the 2022 census found 49 2 of togolese identified as christian 18 6 as muslim 17 0 as traditionalist 9 4 with no religion 2 9 with other religions and another 2 9 did not state their religious affiliation 3 christianity began to spread from the middle of the 15th century after the arrival of portuguese catholic missionaries germans introduced protestantism in the second half of the 19th century when a hundred missionaries of the bremen missionary society were sent to the coastal areas of togo and ghana togo s protestants were known as brema a corruption of the word bremen after world war i german missionaries had to leave which gave birth to the early autonomy of the ewe evangelical church 111 landose de agnanram mosque kara in 2022 freedom house rated togo s religious freedom as 3 out of 4 112 noting that religious freedom is constitutionally protected and generally respected in practice islam catholicism and protestantism are recognized by the state other groups must register as religious associations to receive similar benefits the registration process has been subject to long delays with almost 900 applications pending at the beginning of 2021 languages edit main article languages of togo according to ethnologue 39 distinct languages are spoken in the country some of them by communities that number fewer than 100 000 members 113 of the 39 languages the sole official language is french 114 two spoken indigenous languages were designated politically as national languages in 1975 ewé ewe èʋegbe french evé and kabiyé 114 though not native to most groups french is used in formal education legislature all forms of media administration and commerce ewe is a language of wider communication in the south tem functions to a limited extent as a trade language in some northern towns 115 officially ewe and kabiye are national languages which in the togolese context means languages that are promoted in formal education and used in the media others are gen aja moba ntcham and ife in joining the commonwealth the togolese government has anticipated opportunities for togolese citizens to learn english 48 health edit the human rights measurement initiative 116 finds that togo is fulfilling 73 1 of what it should be fulfilling for the right to health based on its level of income 117 when looking at the right to health with respect to children togo achieves 93 8 of what is expected based on its current income 117 in regards to the right to health amongst the adult population the country achieves 88 2 of what is expected based on the nation s level of income 117 it falls into the very bad category when evaluating the right to reproductive health because the nation is fulfilling 37 3 of what the nation is expected to achieve based on the resources income it has available 117 health expenditure in togo was 5 2 of gdp in 2014 which ranks the country in 45th place in the world 88 the infant mortality rate is approximately 43 7 deaths per 1 000 children in 2016 88 male life expectancy at birth was at 62 3 in 2016 whereas it was at 67 7 years for females 88 there were 5 physicians per 100 000 people in 2008 88 according to a 2013 unicef report 118 4 of women in togo have undergone female genital mutilation as of 2015 update the maternal mortality rate per 100 000 births for togo is 368 compared with 350 in 2010 and 539 7 in 1990 88 the under 5 mortality rate per 1 000 births is 100 and the neonatal mortality as a percentage of under 5 s mortality is 32 in togo the number of midwives per 1 000 live births is 2 and the lifetime risk of death for pregnant women is 1 in 67 119 in 2016 togo had 4100 2400 6100 new hiv infections and 5100 3100 7700 aids related deaths there were 100 000 73 000 130 000 people living with hiv in 2016 among whom 51 37 67 were accessing antiretroviral therapy among pregnant women living with hiv 86 59 95 were accessing treatment or prophylaxis to prevent transmission of hiv to their children an estimated 1000 500 1400 children were newly infected with hiv due to mother to child transmission among people living with hiv approximately 42 30 55 had suppressed viral loads 120 afd is working to enhance living conditions in lomé the coastal city with a population of 1 4 million by modernising solid waste management services the project involves enhancing garbage collection through the construction of a new landfill that meets international standards 121 122 in 2024 a universal health insurance programme was launched covering 800 000 people within six months and implemented through the national social security fund and the national health insurance institute 123 education edit education in togo is compulsory for six years 124 in 1996 the gross primary enrolment rate was 119 6 and the net primary enrolment rate was 81 3 124 in 2011 the net enrolment rate was 94 the education system has suffered from teacher shortages lower educational quality in rural areas and high repetition and dropout rates 124 culture edit main articles culture of togo and music of togo this section needs more citations please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed november 2025 learn how and when to remove this message taberma houses togo s cultural life reflects traditions of its major groups ewe mina in the south and kabye tem in the north notably the regional use of ewe and kabiye as widely spoken languages 125 ewe mina religious practices centred on the creator god mawu and associated vodun 126 and among the kabye the evala wrestling initiation rite 127 while the guin community linked historically to the mina on the southeast coast marks the new year with the epé ekpé taking of the stone ceremony at glidji 128 among ewe communities twin statuettes known as venavi and hohovi among the fon venerate and memorialise twins the yoruba counterpart is the ère ìbejì ibeji 129 130 131 in the kloto kpalimé carving tradition artisans are noted for marriage chains linking two figures with rings carved from a single block of wood 132 picture weaving traditions are also prominent in togo e g the bafilo weaving centre with ceremonial garments produced by local artisans 133 beyond weaving wax print cloth pagne is central to dress and social life in togo togolese women traders known as nana benz shaped the design and circulation of these textiles which function as valued attire for ceremonies and markers of taste and status in colonial and postcolonial contexts 134 basketball is togo s second most practiced sport 135 togo featured a national team in beach volleyball that competed at the 2018 2020 cavb beach volleyball continental cup in the men s section 136 mass media in togo includes radio television and online and print formats the agence togolaise de presse fr news agency began in 1975 137 the union des journalistes independants du togo press association is headquartered in lomé 137 togolese television is the state owned service see also edit africa portal list of togolese people outline of togo horses in togo dahomey gap notes edit ˈ t oʊ ɡ oʊ ⓘ toh goh french toɡo french république togolaise references edit constitution of togo 2002 archived from the original on 14 february 2012 retrieved 20 november 2011 1 2 3 4 togo cia world factbook central intelligence agency archived from the original on 12 october 2023 retrieved 26 october 2017 1 2 3 4 population by religion sex and urban rural residence togo undata 26 february 2026 retrieved 28 july 2026 1 2 3 togo country profile bbc news 24 february 2020 archived from the original on 14 october 2012 retrieved 27 january 2021 accueil voyage togo archived from the original on 8 november 2023 retrieved 2 march 2024 togo the world factbook 2024 ed central intelligence agency retrieved 31 october 2024 togo les résultats définitifs du 5e rgph icilome 4 april 2023 archived from the original on 1 september 2023 retrieved 1 september 2023 world economic outlook database april 2025 archived from the original on 28 april 2025 retrieved 9 october 2025 world economic outlook database april 2025 archived from the original on 28 april 2025 retrieved 9 october 2025 world economic outlook database april 2025 archived from the original on 28 april 2025 retrieved 9 october 2025 world economic outlook database april 2025 archived from the original on 28 april 2025 retrieved 9 october 2025 gini index world bank archived from the original on 27 july 2018 retrieved 16 july 2021 human development report 2023 2024 united nations development programme 6 may 2025 archived from the original on 12 august 2022 retrieved 6 may 2025 1 2 3 republic of togo islamic development bank 18 november 1998 archived from the original on 3 february 2020 retrieved 26 january 2021 1 2 world population prospects 2022 united nations department of economic and social affairs population division retrieved 17 july 2022 1 2 world population prospects 2022 demographic indicators by region subregion and country annually for 1950 2100 xslx total population as of 1 july thousands united nations department of economic and social affairs population division retrieved 17 july 2022 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 togo partner international cultural youth exchange international cultural youth exchange archived from the original on 8 june 2017 retrieved 27 january 2021 obituary gnassingbe eyadema archived 30 june 2018 at the wayback machine 5 february 2005 bbc news retrieved 22 may 2007 society benjamin elisha sawe in 25 april 2017 what languages are spoken in togo worldatlas retrieved 20 august 2026 essizewa komlan 1 august 2009 the vitality of kabiye in togo africa spectrum 44 53 76 doi 10 1177 000203970904400203 togo the world factbook central intelligence agency 11 january 2023 archived from the original on 12 october 2023 retrieved 13 january 2023 peoples of africa togo zimbabwe marshall cavendish 2001 p 531 isbn 978 0 7614 7168 4 1 2 dawnay guy payan 1926 the army quarterly william clowes sons ltd p 315 in the ewe language the name togo means behind the sea and it was extended to the whole country by the germans as dr nachtigal s first treaty in 1884 was made with the chief of togo san diego archaeological center 11 december 2021 ironworking in togo west africa archaeological research in the bassar region 2013 2020 archived from the original on 15 july 2025 retrieved 26 march 2025 via youtube admin 19 april 2020 how togo came to have its name african lisbon tour archived from the original on 15 july 2025 retrieved 26 march 2025 benjamin thomas 16 february 2009 the atlantic world europeans africans indians and their shared history 1400 1900 doi 10 1017 cbo9780511816604 isbn 978 0 511 81660 4 retrieved 26 march 2025 cite book website ignored help the transatlantic slave trade national museums liverpool archived from the original on 29 september 2020 retrieved 26 march 2025 laumann a historiography of german togoland p 195 washausen hamburg und die kolonialpolitik p 79 y dr 26 april 2019 german colonial treaties in africa togoland july 5th 1884 african heritage retrieved 26 march 2025 martin lawrence reed john 2007 the treaties of peace 1919 1923 the lawbook exchange ltd isbn 978 1 58477 708 3 migani guia 2005 la cee ou la france l impossible choix de sylvanus olympio président du togo matériaux pour l histoire de notre temps 77 25 31 doi 10 3406 mat 2005 1013 retrieved 13 february 2026 zuber david 28 march 2022 sylvanus olympio 1902 1963 blackpast org retrieved 26 march 2025 togo ujamaa live 26 april 2019 archived from the original on 2 may 2019 retrieved 11 june 2019 ellis stephen 1993 rumour and power in togo africa journal of the international african institute 63 4 cambridge university press 462 476 doi 10 2307 1161002 hdl 1887 9061 jstor 1161002 s2cid 145261033 1 2 togo economy population gdp inflation business trade fdi corruption www heritage org archived from the original on 10 may 2023 retrieved 27 january 2021 coups in togo www globalsecurity org archived from the original on 27 august 2020 retrieved 26 march 2025 deschamps h j decalo s pedanou m k echenberg m togo encyclopædia britannica march 4 2025 https www britannica com place togo bbc news togo country profile overview archived 13 october 2019 at the wayback machine bbc co uk 11 july 2011 retrieved on march 26 2012 date set for elections in togo deutsche presse agentur 4 march 2005 farge emma 23 october 2017 gambian ministry says up to togo to resolve crisis reuters thomson reuters archived from the original on 26 october 2017 retrieved 26 october 2017 togo s president faure gnassingbé wins fourth term france 24 24 february 2020 archived from the original on 24 february 2020 retrieved 24 february 2020 togo president faure gnassingbe wins fourth term in landslide al jazeera archived from the original on 24 february 2020 retrieved 24 february 2020 togo une enquête ouverte après la mort du colonel bitala madjoulba in french radio france internationale 6 may 2020 archived from the original on 28 december 2021 retrieved 28 december 2021 togo assassinat du colonel madjoulba bitala le général kadangha abalo dément toutes accusations in french togo nyigba 6 may 2020 archived from the original on 9 january 2024 retrieved 27 february 2024 1 2 turner camilla 22 june 2022 togo and gabon to become newest members of commonwealth this week the daily telegraph issn 0307 1235 archived from the original on 27 june 2022 retrieved 29 june 2022 togo joins the commonwealth family république togolaise in french archived from the original on 15 july 2025 retrieved 26 march 2025 1 2 3 lawson alice 24 june 2022 togo sees commonwealth entry as pivot to english speaking world reuters archived from the original on 4 november 2023 retrieved 1 july 2022 1 2 togo africa s democratic test case bbc news 11 february 2005 archived from the original on 2 april 2019 retrieved 15 november 2011 togo leader sworn in amid protest bbc news 7 february 2005 archived from the original on 2 april 2019 retrieved 15 november 2011 togo succession coup denounced bbc news 6 february 2005 archived from the original on 27 march 2019 retrieved 27 june 2010 500 killed in togo electoral violence un independent online afp 26 september 200...
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