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the region immobilised themselves with sieges of casseneuil in the agenais monchamp near condom and montcuq a strong but strategically insignificant castle south of bergerac 29 large areas were effectively undefended 30 edward iii s main army sailed on 29 june they anchored off sluys sluis in flanders until 22 july while edward attended to diplomatic affairs 31 when they sailed probably intending to land in normandy they were scattered by a storm and found their way to various english ports over the following week after more than five weeks on board ship the men and horses had to be disembarked there was a further week s delay while the king and his council debated what to do by which time it proved impossible to take any action with the main english army before winter 32 aware of this philip vi despatched reinforcements to brittany and gascony peter duke of bourbon was appointed french commander in gascony on 8 august and based himself at agen 33 bergerac edit august november 1345 troop movements derby s advance derby s retreat louis of poitiers advance derby s advance to auberoche derby s return to la réole on 9 august 1345 derby arrived in bordeaux with 500 men at arms 500 mounted archers and 1 000 english and welsh foot archers 11 after two weeks recruiting and organising derby marched his force to langon rendezvoused with stafford and took command of the combined force 34 stafford had to this point pursued a cautious strategy of small scale sieges derby s intention was quite different rather than continue a cautious war of sieges he was determined to strike directly at the french main force before it was fully assembled 35 the french hearing of derby s arrival concentrated their forces at the strategically important town of bergerac where there was an important bridge over the dordogne river 29 34 after a council of war derby decided to strike at the french there the capture of the town which had good river supply links to bordeaux would provide the anglo gascon army with a base from which to carry the war to the french 36 it would also force the lifting of the siege of the nearby allied castle of montcuq and sever communications between french forces north and south of the dordogne the english believed that if the french field army could be beaten or distracted the town could be easily taken 37 derby moved rapidly and took the french army by surprise defeating them in a running battle french casualties were heavy with many killed and a large number captured including their commander the surviving french from their field army rallied around john count of armagnac and retreated north to périgueux 38 within days of the battle bergerac fell to an anglo gascon assault and was subsequently sacked 39 after consolidating and reorganising for two weeks derby left a large garrison in the town and moved north to the anglo gascon stronghold of mussidan in the isle valley with 6 000 8 000 men 40 he then pushed west to périgueux the provincial capital 41 taking several strongpoints on the way 42 the city s defences were antiquated and derelict but the size of the french force defending it prohibited an assault derby blockaded périgueux and captured strongholds blocking the main routes into the city john duke of normandy the son and heir of philip vi gathered an army reportedly numbering over 20 000 and manoeuvred in the area in early october a very large detachment relieved the city and drove off derby s force which withdrew towards bordeaux further reinforced the french started besieging the english held strongpoints 43 siege edit the main french force of 7 000 commanded by louis of poitiers besieged the castle of auberoche nine miles 14 km east of périgueux 44 auberoche perches on a rocky promontory completely commanding the river auvézère and the valley road at a point where the valley narrows almost to a gorge the small anglo gascon garrison was commanded by frank van hallen 45 the french encampment was divided in two with the majority of the soldiers camped close to the river between the castle and village while a smaller force was situated to prevent any relief attempts from the north 44 the chronicler froissart tells a tale most likely apocryphal that a soldier attempting to reach english lines with a letter requesting help was captured and returned to the castle via a trebuchet 46 a messenger did get through french lines and reached derby 46 who was already returning to the area with a scratch force of 1 200 english and gascon soldiers 400 men at arms and 800 mounted archers 47 battle edit henry of grosmont 1st duke of lancaster earl of derby knowing he was outnumbered derby waited near périgueux for several days for the arrival of a force under the earl of pembroke unknown to derby another french army of some 9 000 to 10 000 men under the duke of normandy was only 25 miles 40 km away 48 on the evening of 20 october derby decided that waiting any longer would invite an attack from the larger french army and made a night march crossing the shallow river twice so that by morning he was situated on a low wooded hill about a mile 1 6 km from the main french camp in the valley by the river derby personally reconnoitred the french position still hoping for the last minute arrival of pembroke derby called a council of his officers it was decided that rather than wait and possibly lose the advantage of surprise the army would attack immediately and attempt to overrun the french camp before an effective defence could be devised 41 45 derby planned a three pronged assault the attack was launched as the french were having their evening meal and complete surprise was achieved his longbowmen shot from the treeline to the west into the french position the french packed tightly into the narrow meadow not expecting an attack and unarmoured are reported to have taken heavy casualties from this adam murimuth a contemporary chronicler estimates french casualties at this stage at around 1 000 49 while the french were confused and distracted by this attack from the west derby made a cavalry charge with his 400 men at arms from the south they had some 200 to 300 yards 200 to 300 m across flat ground to cover to reach the french french soldiers struggled into their armour and their commanders rallied their still superior forces a small number of anglo gascon infantry had followed a path in the woods to emerge in the french rear and attacked from the north west the fighting continued in the area of the camp for some time 41 45 hallen realised that the french troops guarding his exit from the castle were either distracted or had been drawn off to join the fighting he sallied with all the mounted men he could muster and took the french in the rear at this further unexpected attack the french defence collapsed and they routed pursued by the english cavalry 41 45 those french still holding their position in the small camp to the north fled without fighting 50 french casualties are uncertain but were heavy murimuth states that french fatalities caused by the archers alone were 700 men at arms and over 1 000 infantry 51 total casualties are variously described by modern historians as appalling 52 extremely high 41 staggering 53 and heavy 45 many french nobles were taken prisoner lesser men were as was customary 54 put to the sword the french commander louis of poitiers died of his wounds surviving prisoners included the second in command bertrand de l isle jourdain two counts seven viscounts three barons the seneschals of clermont and toulouse a nephew of the pope and so many knights that they were not counted 52 aftermath edit the french left behind them a large quantity of loot and supplies this was in addition to the ransoms extracted from the french captives for their release which was due to the individuals who had captured them shared with their liege lords the ransoms alone made a fortune for many of the soldiers in derby s army as well as derby himself who was said to have made at least 50 000 60 000 000 as of 2025 note 2 from the day s captives 48 approximately equal to edward iii s annual income 55 over the following year philip vi paid large amounts from the royal treasury as contributions towards the captives ransoms 56 the duke of normandy lost heart on hearing of the defeat despite outnumbering the anglo gascon force eight to one he retreated to angoulême and disbanded his army the french also abandoned all of their ongoing sieges of other anglo gascon garrisons 45 derby was left almost completely unopposed for six months 57 during which he seized more towns including montségur la réole and aiguillon and greatly increased english territory and influence in south west france 58 59 local morale and more importantly prestige in the border region had decidedly swung england s way following this conflict providing an influx of taxes and recruits for the english armies local lords of note declared for the english bringing significant retinues with them 60 61 the four month campaign has been described as the first successful land campaign of the hundred years war 62 which had commenced more than eight years earlier with this success the english had established a regional dominance which would last over thirty years 63 modern historians have praised the generalship demonstrated by derby in this campaign superb and innovative tactician 64 ris ing to the level of genius 65 brilliant in the extreme 66 stunning 67 brilliant 68 the chronique des quatre premiers valois written fifty years after the event describes him as one of the best warriors in the world 69 derby went on to lead another successful campaign in 1346 70 notes citations and sources edit explanatory notes edit the tun was a wine cask used as a standard measure and contained 252 gallons 954 litres of wine 4 80 thousand tuns of wine equates to 76 320 000 litres 16 790 000 imperial gallons 20 160 000 us gallons uk consumer price index inflation figures from 1209 2024 based on data from inflation calculator bank of england london 18 february 2026 retrieved 1 april 2026 citations edit harris 1994 p 8 crowcroft cannon 2015 p 389 rodger 2004 pp 79 rodger 2004 pp xix xx sumption 1990 pp 39 40 rodger 2004 pp 79 80 prestwich 2007 p 394 sumption 1990 p 172 sumption 1990 p 184 fowler 1961 pp 139 140 1 2 rogers 2004 p 95 sumption 1990 pp 273 275 fowler 1961 pp 143 144 1 2 burne 1999 p 100 vale 1999 pp 72 73 76 fowler 1961 p 136 gribit 2016 p 113 sumption 1990 p 453 prestwich 2007 p 314 gribit 2016 p 63 sumption 1990 p 455 gribit 2016 pp 37 38 gribit 2016 pp 113 251 sumption 1990 pp 455 457 rogers 2004 p 94 fowler 1961 pp 131 132 1 2 sumption 1990 p 457 gribit 2016 pp 61 113 1 2 rogers 2004 p 96 sumption 1990 pp 457 458 lucas 1929 pp 519 524 prestwich 2007 p 315 sumption 1990 pp 461 463 1 2 burne 1999 p 102 rogers 2004 p 97 vale 1999 p 77 sumption 1990 pp 463 464 sumption 1990 p 466 burne 1999 pp 104 105 sumption 1990 pp 465 467 1 2 3 4 5 devries 2006 p 189 fowler 1961 p 196 sumption 1990 pp 467 468 1 2 burne 1999 p 107 1 2 3 4 5 6 wagner 2006 pp 35 36 1 2 burne 1949 p 62 burne 1999 p 106 1 2 sumption 1990 p 470 burne 1999 p 111 burne 1999 pp 111 112 rogers 1998 p 240 1 2 sumption 1990 p 469 burne 1999 p 112 king 2002 pp 269 270 rogers 2004 p 90 n 7 wagner 2006 p 97 fowler 1961 pp 197 198 sumption 1990 pp 474 480 wagner 2006 p 153 fowler 1961 pp 211 214 sumption 1990 pp 478 480 gribit 2016 p 1 burne 1999 p 113 rogers 2004 p 107 n 61 rogers 2004 p 106 burne 1999 p 117 gribit 2016 p 22 oman 1998 p 126 rogers 2004 p 89 rogers 2004 p 107 general sources edit burne alfred summer 1949 auberoche 1345 a forgotten battle journal of the society for army historical research 27 110 62 67 issn 0037 9700 jstor 44232166 burne alfred 1999 1954 the crecy war ware hertfordshire wordsworth editions isbn 978 1840222104 crowcroft robert cannon john 2015 gascony the oxford companion to british history oxford oxford university press p 389 isbn 978 0199677832 curry anne 2002 the hundred years war 1337 1453 pdf oxford osprey publishing published 13 november 2002 isbn 978 1 84176 269 2 archived from the original pdf on 27 september 2018 devries kelly 2006 infantry warfare in the early fourteenth century discipline tactics and technology woodbridge suffolk boydell brewer isbn 978 0851155715 fowler kenneth 1961 henry of grosmont first duke of lancaster 1310 1361 pdf phd thesis leeds university of leeds gribit nicholas 2016 henry of lancaster s expedition to aquitaine 1345 46 woodbridge suffolk boydell brewer isbn 978 1783271177 harris robin 1994 valois guyenne royal historical society studies in history vol 71 woodbridge suffolk boydell brewer isbn 978 0861932269 king andy 2002 according to the custom used in french and scottish wars prisoners and casualties on the scottish marches in the fourteenth century journal of medieval history 28 3 263 290 doi 10 1016 s0048 721x 02 00057 x issn 0304 4181 s2cid 159873083 lucas henry s 1929 the low countries and the hundred years war 1326 1347 ann arbor university of michigan press oclc 960872598 oman charles 1998 1924 a history of the art of war in the middle ages 1278 1485 a d london greenhill books isbn 978 1853673320 prestwich michael 2007 j m roberts ed plantagenet england 1225 1360 new oxford history of england oxford oxford university press isbn 978 0199226870 rodger n a m 2004 the safeguard of the sea london penguin isbn 978 0140297249 rogers clifford j 1998 the efficacy of the medieval longbow a reply to kelly devries pdf war in history 5 2 233 242 doi 10 1177 096834459800500205 issn 0968 3445 s2cid 161286935 archived from the original pdf on 3 february 2019 retrieved 27 october 2018 rogers clifford j 2004 bachrach bernard s devries kelly rogers clifford j eds the bergerac campaign 1345 and the generalship of henry of lancaster journal of medieval military history vol ii woodbridge suffolk boydell brewer isbn 978 1843830405 issn 0961 7582 cite news cs1 maint periodical has isbn link sumption jonathan 1990 trial by battle london faber and faber isbn 978 0571200955 vale malcolm 1999 the war in aquitaine in curry anne hughes michael eds arms armies and fortifications in the hundred years war woodbridge suffolk boydell brewer pp 69 82 isbn 978 0851157559 wagner john a 2006 auberoche battle of 1345 encyclopedia of the hundred years war woodbridge suffolk greenwood pp 35 36 isbn 978 0313327360 retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title battle_of_auberoche oldid 1370432710 categories 1345 in england 1345 in france military history of nouvelle aquitaine battles of the hundred years war 1345 conflicts history of dordogne hundred years war 1337 1360 hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata featured articles use british english from september 2018 all wikipedia articles written in british english use dmy dates from september 2018 pages using gadget wikiminiatlas coordinates on wikidata articles containing french...
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