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p 3 hughes trudgill 1996 p 37 hughes trudgill 1996 p 40 hughes trudgill 1996 p 31 clark asprey 2013 estuary english q and a jcw phon ucl ac uk archived from the original on 11 january 2010 retrieved 16 august 2010 roach 2009 p 4 trudgill 1999 p 80 trudgill 1999 pp 80 81 aitken mcarthur 1979 p 81 romaine 1982 hickey 2007 the handbook of world englishes wiley 2020 p 45 isbn 978 1 119 16421 0 labov 2012 wells 1982 p 34 rowicka 2006 toon 1982 cassidy 1982 boberg 2010 labov william sharon ash charles boberg 2006 the atlas of north american english berlin mouton de gruyter pp 141 148 chambers jack k 2010 english in canada pdf kingston ontario p 14 retrieved 20 july 2012 labov 1972 do you speak american what lies ahead pbs archived from the original on 14 september 2007 retrieved 15 august 2007 thomas erik r 2003 rural white southern accents pdf atlas of north american english mouton de gruyter p 16 archived from the original pdf on 22 december 2014 retrieved 11 november 2015 later published as a chapter in bernd kortmann and edgar w schneider eds 2004 a handbook of varieties of english a multimedia reference tool new york mouton de gruyter pp 300 324 levine crockett 1966 schönweitz 2001 montgomery 1993 thomas 2008 pp 95 96 bailey 1997 mcwhorter john h 2001 word on the street debunking the myth of a pure standard english basic books p 162 isbn 978 0 7382 0446 8 bailey 2001 green 2002 patrick 2006b eagleson 1982 trudgill hannah 2002 pp 16 21 burridge 2010 trudgill hannah 2002 pp 24 26 maclagan 2010 gordon campbell hay et al 2004 dayag danilo 2008 english language media in the philippines description and research in bautista ma lourdes bolton kingsley eds philippine english linguistic and literary perspectives hong kong hong kong university press pp 49 66 doi 10 5790 hongkong 9789622099470 003 0004 isbn 978 962 209 947 0 bautista maria lourdes s 2004 tagalog english code switching as a mode of discourse pdf asia pacific education review 5 2 226 233 doi 10 1007 bf03024960 s2cid 145684166 archived pdf from the original on 15 may 2022 lanham 1982 lass 2002 trudgill hannah 2002 pp 30 31 nigerian english encarta microsoft archived from the original on 9 september 2010 retrieved 17 july 2012 adegbija efurosibina 1989 lexico semantic variation in nigerian english world englishes 8 2 165 177 doi 10 1111 j 1467 971x 1989 tb00652 x lawton 1982 trudgill hannah 2002 p 115 trudgill hannah 2002 pp 117 118 lawton 1982 pp 256 260 trudgill hannah 2002 pp 115 116 sailaja 2009 pp 19 24 bjarkman peter c hammond robert matthew 1989 american spanish pronunciation washington d c georgetown university press p 226 isbn 978 0 87840 099 7 wolfram 2006 pp 334 335 carr honeybone 2007 bermúdez otero mcmahon 2006 macmahon 2006 international phonetic association 1999 pp 41 42 könig 1994 p 534 collins mees 2003 pp 47 53 trudgill hannah 2008 p 13 trudgill hannah 2008 p 41 brinton brinton 2010 pp 56 59 wells john c 8 february 2001 ipa transcription systems for english university college london archived from the original on 19 september 2018 retrieved 3 september 2018 giegerich 1992 pp 56 57 cohen 2012 p 80 collins mees 2003 pp 46 50 cruttenden 2014 p 138 flemming johnson 2007 wells 1982 p 167 wells 1982 p 121 brinton brinton 2010 p 60 könig 1994 pp 537 538 international phonetic association 1999 p 42 oxford learner s dictionary 2015 entry contract merriam webster 2015 entry contract macquarie dictionary 2015 entry contract brinton brinton 2010 p 66 sentence stress esol nexus british council archived from the original on 3 december 2019 retrieved 24 november 2019 lunden anya 2017 duration vowel quality and the rhythmic pattern of english laboratory phonology 8 27 doi 10 5334 labphon 37 a b trudgill hannah 2002 pp 4 6 lass 1992 pp 90 118 610 lass 2000 pp 80 656 roach 2009 p 53 giegerich 1992 p 36 wells 1982 lass 2000 p 114 wells 1982 pp xviii xix wells 1982 p 493 a b swan 2006 p 149 mountford 2006 neijt 2006 a b c d daniels bright 1996 p 653 a b abercrombie daniels 2006 mountford 2006 p 156 mountford 2006 pp 157 158 daniels bright 1996 p 654 dehaene 2009 mcguinness 1997 shaywitz 2003 mountford 2006 p 159 lawler 2006 p 290 huddleston pullum 2002 p 22 a b c d carter ronald mccarthey michael mark geraldine o keeffe anne 2016 english grammar today cambridge university press isbn 978 1 316 61739 7 a b baugh albert cable thomas 2012 a history of the english language 6th ed routledge isbn 978 0 415 65596 5 aarts haegeman 2006 p 118 payne huddleston 2002 huddleston pullum 2002 pp 56 57 huddleston pullum 2002 p 55 huddleston pullum 2002 pp 54 55 huddleston pullum 2002 p 57 huddleston pullum 2002 p 530 huddleston pullum 2002 p 528 a b könig 1994 p 540 mair 2006 pp 148 149 huddleston rodney d pullum geoffrey k reynolds brett 2022 a student s introduction to english grammar 2nd ed cambridge university press pp 124 126 isbn 978 1 316 51464 1 a b they oxford english dictionary online ed oxford university press subscription or participating institution membership required singular they apa style archived from the original on 21 october 2020 retrieved 24 november 2021 leech 2006 p 69 nominative is a traditional name for the subjective case o dwyer 2006 english has subjective objective and possessive cases greenbaum nelson 2002 sweet 2014 p 52 but in that special class of nouns called personal pronouns we find a totally different system of case inflection namely a nominative case he and an objective case him jespersen 2007 pp 173 185 huddleston pullum 2002 huddleston pullum 2002 pp 425 426 mcmahon 2012 p 182 lee chelsea 31 october 2019 welcome singular they american psychological association archived from the original on 14 february 2020 retrieved 24 november 2021 kamm oliver 12 december 2015 the pedant the sheer usefulness of singular they is obvious the times archived from the original on 19 june 2019 retrieved 24 november 2021 huddleston pullum 2002 p 426 a b huddleston pullum 2002 p 58 huddleston pullum 2002 pp 598 600 a b huddleston pullum 2002 p 51 könig 1994 p 541 huddleston pullum 2002 p 50 peters 2004 be p 66 huddleston pullum 2002 pp 75 91 113 114 huddleston pullum 2002 pp 208 210 a b huddleston pullum 2002 pp 51 52 huddleston pullum 2002 pp 210 211 huddleston pullum 2002 pp 50 51 finite and nonfinite clauses myenglishgrammar com archived from the original on 7 december 2019 retrieved 7 december 2019 dixon 1982 huddleston pullum 2002 p 274 huddleston pullum 2002 pp 565 566 mcarthur 1992 pp 64 610 611 huddleston pullum 2002 pp 1209 1219 könig 1994 p 553 müller 2020 p 666 könig 1994 p 550 cases of nouns and pronouns guide to grammar and writing archived from the original on 16 november 2019 retrieved 24 november 2019 könig 1994 p 551 miller 2002 pp 60 69 könig 1994 p 545 könig 1994 p 557 huddleston pullum 2002 pp 94 98 huddleston pullum 2002 p 114 huddleston pullum 2002 pp 786 790 miller 2002 pp 26 27 huddleston pullum 2002 pp 7 8 huddleston pullum 2002 pp 1365 1370 peters 2004 dummy subject p 167 there p 537 huddleston pullum 2002 p 1370 huddleston pullum 2002 p 1366 halliday hasan 1976 schiffrin 1988 how many words are there in the english language oxford dictionaries archived from the original on 9 september 2017 retrieved 13 september 2017 a b c d algeo 1999 leech et al 2009 pp 24 50 algeo 1999 pp 584 585 a b c kastovsky 2006 a b crystal 2003b p 129 crystal 2003b pp 120 121 what is the proportion of english words of french latin or germanic origin ask the experts oxford university press 2008 archived from the original on 17 august 2008 denning kessler leben 2007 p 7 nation 2001 p 265 denning keith 2007 english vocabulary elements oxford university press p 34 isbn 978 0 19 516802 0 solodow joseph 2010 latin alive the survival of latin in english and the romance languages cambridge university press p 196 isbn 978 0 521 51575 7 crystal 2003b pp 124 127 algeo 1999 pp 80 81 a b gottlieb 2006 p 196 burnley 1992 pp 409 499 latin and french each account for a little more than 28 percent of the lexis recorded in the shorter oxford english dictionary finkenstaedt wolff 1973 romaine 1999 p 4 denning kessler leben 2007 brutt griffler 2006 p 692 gottlieb 2006 p 197 gottlieb 2006 p 198 a b gottlieb 2006 p 202 bibliography aarts bas haegeman liliane 2006 6 english word classes and phrases in aarts bas mcmahon april eds the handbook of english linguistics blackwell isbn 978 1 4051 6425 2 abercrombie d daniels p t 2006 spelling reform proposals english encyclopedia of language linguistics pp 72 75 doi 10 1016 b0 08 044854 2 04878 1 isbn 978 0 08 044854 1 aitken a j mcarthur tom eds 1979 languages of scotland occasional paper association for scottish literary studies vol 4 edinburgh chambers isbn 978 0 550 20261 1 alcaraz ariza m á navarro f 2006 medicine use of english encyclopedia of language linguistics pp 752 759 doi 10 1016 b0 08 044854 2 02351 8 isbn 978 0 08 044854 1 ammon ulrich 2006 language conflicts in the european union on finding a politically acceptable and practicable 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