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the association include gaelic handball and rounders 250 association football soccer is the third most popular spectator sport and has the highest level of participation 251 although the league of ireland is the national league the english premier league is the most popular among the public 252 the republic of ireland national football team plays at international level and is administered by the football association of ireland 253 the irish rugby football union is the governing body of rugby union which is played at local and international levels on an all ireland basis and has produced players such as brian o driscoll and ronan o gara who were on the team that won the grand slam in 2009 254 the success of the irish cricket team in the 2007 cricket world cup has led to an increase in the popularity of cricket which is also administered on an all ireland basis by cricket ireland 255 ireland are one of the twelve test playing members of the international cricket council having been granted test status in 2017 professional domestic matches are played between the major cricket unions of leinster munster northern and north west netball is represented by the ireland national netball team golf is another popular sport in ireland with over 300 courses countrywide 256 the country has produced several internationally successful golfers such as pádraig harrington shane lowry and paul mcginley horse racing has a large presence with influential breeding and racing operations in the country racing takes place at courses at the curragh racecourse in county kildare leopardstown racecourse just outside dublin and galway ireland has produced champion horses such as galileo montjeu and sea the stars boxing is ireland s most successful sport at an olympic level administered by the irish athletic boxing association on an all ireland basis it has gained in popularity as a result of the international success of boxers such as bernard dunne andy lee and katie taylor some of ireland s highest performers in athletics have competed at the olympic games such as eamonn coghlan and sonia o sullivan the annual dublin marathon and dublin women s mini marathon are two of the most popular athletics events in the country 257 rugby league is represented by the ireland national rugby league team and administered by rugby league ireland who are full member of the rugby league european federation on an all ireland basis the team compete in the european cup rugby league and the rugby league world cup ireland reached the quarter finals of the 2000 rugby league world cup as well as reaching the semi finals in the 2008 rugby league world cup 258 the irish elite league is a domestic competition for rugby league teams in ireland 259 while australian rules football in ireland has a limited following a series of international rules football games constituting a hybrid of the australian and gaelic football codes takes place annually between teams representing ireland and australia 260 baseball and basketball are also emerging sports in ireland both of which have an international team representing the island of ireland other sports which retain a following in ireland include cycling greyhound racing horse riding and motorsport society see also abortion in the republic of ireland and lgbt rights in the republic of ireland ireland ranks fifth in the world in terms of gender equality 261 in 2011 ireland was ranked the most charitable country in europe and second most charitable in the world 262 contraception was controlled in ireland until 1979 however the receding influence of the catholic church has led to an increasingly secularised society 263 a constitutional ban on divorce was lifted following a referendum in 1995 divorce rates in ireland are very low compared to european union averages 0 7 divorced people per 1 000 population in 2011 while the marriage rate in ireland is slightly above the european union average 4 6 marriages per 1 000 population per year in 2012 abortion had been banned throughout the period of the irish state first through provisions of the offences against the person act 1861 and later by the protection of life during pregnancy act 2013 the right to life of the unborn was protected in the constitution by the eighth amendment in 1983 this provision was removed following a referendum and replaced it with a provision allowing legislation to regulate the termination of pregnancy the health regulation of termination of pregnancy act 2018 passed later that year provided for abortion generally during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy and in specified circumstances after that date 264 capital punishment is constitutionally banned in ireland while discrimination based on age gender sexual orientation marital or familial status religion race or membership of the travelling community is illegal the legislation which outlawed homosexual acts was repealed in 1993 265 266 the civil partnership and certain rights and obligations of cohabitants act 2010 permitted civil partnerships between same sex couples 267 268 269 the children and family relationships act 2015 allowed for adoption rights for couples other than married couples including civil partners and cohabitants and provided for donor assisted human reproduction however significant sections of the act have yet to be commenced 270 following a referendum held on 23 may 2015 ireland became the eighteenth country to provide in law for same sex marriage and the first to do so by popular vote 271 ireland became the first country in the world to introduce an environmental levy for plastic shopping bags in 2002 and a public smoking ban in 2004 recycling in ireland is carried out extensively and ireland has the second highest rate of packaging recycling in the european union it was the first country in europe to ban incandescent lightbulbs in 2008 and the first eu country to ban in store tobacco advertising and product display in 2009 272 273 in 2015 ireland became the second country in the world to introduce plain cigarette packaging 274 despite the above measures to discourage tobacco use smoking rates in ireland remain at approximately 15 4 as of 2020 275 state symbols further information symbols of the republic of ireland the seal of the president of ireland incorporating a harp the state shares many symbols with the island of ireland these include the colours green and blue animals such as the irish wolfhound and stags structures such as round towers and celtic crosses and designs such as celtic knots and spirals the shamrock a type of clover has been a national symbol of ireland since the 17th century when it became customary to wear it as a symbol on st patrick s day these symbols are used by state institutions as well as private bodies in the republic of ireland the flag of ireland is a tricolour of green white and orange the flag originates with the young ireland movement of the mid 19th century but was not popularised until its use during the easter rising of 1916 276 the colours represent the gaelic tradition green and the followers of william of orange in ireland orange with white representing the aspiration for peace between them 277 it was adopted as the flag of the irish free state in 1922 and continues to be used as the sole flag and ensign of the state a naval jack a green flag with a yellow harp is set out in defence forces regulations and flown from the bows of warships in addition to the national flag in limited circumstances e g when a ship is not underway it is based on the unofficial green ensign of ireland used in the 18th and 19th centuries and the traditional green flag of ireland dating from the 16th century citation needed like the national flag the national anthem amhrán na bhfiann english a soldier s song has its roots in the easter rising when the song was sung by the rebels although originally published in english in 1912 278 the song was translated into irish in 1923 and the irish language version is more commonly sung today 278 the song was officially adopted as the anthem of the irish free state in 1926 and continues as the national anthem of the state 279 the first four bars of the chorus followed by the last five comprise the presidential salute the arms of ireland originate as the arms of the monarchs of ireland and was recorded as the arms of the king of ireland in the 12th century from the union of the crowns of england scotland and ireland in 1603 they have appeared quartered on the royal coat of arms of the united kingdom today they are the personal arms of the president of ireland whilst he or she is in office and are flown as the presidential standard the harp symbol is used extensively by the state to mark official documents irish coinage and on the seal of the president of ireland see also republic of ireland portal ireland portal countries portal europe portal european union portal list of ireland related topics outline of the republic of ireland notes article 8 of the constitution states that irish is the national language and the first official language and that english is a second official language prior to 2002 ireland used the irish pound as its circulated currency the euro was introduced as an accounting currency in 1999 the eu domain is also used as it is shared with other european union member states article 4 of the constitution of ireland declares that the name of the state is ireland section 2 of the republic of ireland act 1948 declares that republic of ireland is the description of the state 280 references article 8 constitution of ireland irish statute book archived from the original on 23 april 2022 retrieved 4 february 2022 population usually resident and present in the state central statistics office 30 may 2023 archived from the original on 31 may 2023 retrieved 2 june 2023 1 2 population usually resident and present in the state cso ie central statistics office 30 may 2023 archived from the original on 28 september 2023 retrieved 2 june 2023 1 2 3 population and migration estimates april 2025 www cso ie central statistics office ireland cso 26 august 2025 archived from the original on 17 january 2026 retrieved 14 january 2026 remote work up catholic numbers down in census data rte ie 30 may 2023 archived from the original on 30 may 2023 1 2 3 4 world economic outlook database april 2026 edition www imf org international monetary fund 14 april 2026 retrieved 19 april 2026 gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income eu silc survey ec europa eu eurostat archived from the original on 9 october 2020 retrieved 3 september 2023 human development report 2025 pdf united nations development programme 6 may 2025 archived pdf from the original on 6 may 2025 retrieved 6 may 2025 l prakke c a j m kortmann j c e van den brandhof 2004 constitutional law of 15 eu member states deventer kluwer p 429 isbn 9013012558 since 1937 ireland has been a parliamentary republic in which ministers appointed by the president depend on the confidence of parliament inequality adjusted human development index archived from the original on 9 november 2022 retrieved 7 february 2025 human development report 2020 pdf hdro human development report office united nations development programme p 343 archived from the original pdf on 15 december 2020 retrieved 20 february 2026 henry mark 2021 in fact an optimist s guide to ireland at 100 dublin gill books isbn 978 0 7171 9039 3 oclc 1276861968 1 2 global peace index 2024 pdf economics and peace 2024 archived pdf from the original on 19 august 2024 retrieved 21 february 2025 nato member countries nato archived from the original on 24 september 2011 retrieved 29 december 2014 ireland is world s eighth most inclusive advanced economy the irish times archived from the original on 5 april 2023 retrieved 15 february 2023 country comparison gdp per capita ppp the world factbook central intelligence agency archived from the original on 19 november 2011 retrieved 29 august 2011 leprechaun economics earn ireland ridicule 443 million bill bloomberg l p 13 july 2016 archived from the original on 14 july 2016 retrieved 1 january 2021 gabriel zucman thomas torslov ludvig wier june 2018 the missing profits of nations national bureau of economic research working papers p 31 archived from the original on 10 june 2018 retrieved 1 january 2021 appendix table 2 tax havens ireland is the world s biggest corporate tax haven say academics the irish times 13 june 2018 archived from the original on 28 december 2022 retrieved 1 january 2021 new gabriel zucman study claims state shelters more multinational profits than the entire caribbean nicoll ruaridh 16 may 2009 ireland as the celtic tiger roars its last the guardian london archived from the original on 6 september 2013 retrieved 30 march 2010 doing the maths how real is ireland s economic growth irish independent 3 january 2016 archived from the original on 27 january 2016 retrieved 17 august 2024 stüber karin 1998 the historical morphology of n stems in celtic maynooth studies in celtic linguistics iii department of old irish national university of ireland maynooth p 95 isbn 978 0 901519 54 2 zair nicholas 2012 the reflexes of the proto indo european laryngeals in celtic leiden brill p 107 isbn 978 90 04 22539 8 coleman marie 2013 the irish revolution 1916 1923 routledge p 230 isbn 978 1317801467 archived from the original on 9 december 2021 retrieved 12 february 2015 gallagher michael the changing constitution in gallagher michael coakley john eds 2010 politics in the republic of ireland 0415476712 isbn 978 0415476713 archived from the original on 9 december 2021 retrieved 12 february 2015 oliver j d b what s in a name in tiley john ed 2004 studies in the history of tax law hart publishing pp 181 3 isbn 1841134732 archived from the original on 1 january 2016 retrieved 12 february 2015 note the author uses éire with the diacritic oliver 2004 p 178 daly 2007 p 80 1 2 3 4 daly mary e january 2007 the irish free state éire republic of ireland ireland a country by any other name journal of british studies 46 1 72 90 doi 10 1086 508399 issn 0021 9371 jstor 10 1086 508399 after the enactment of the 1936 external relations act and the 1937 constitution ireland s only remaining link with the crown had been the accreditation of diplomats the president of ireland was the head of state when opposition deputies asked de valera whether ireland was a republic a favorite pastime in the mid 1940s he tended to resort to dictionary definitions showing that ireland had all the attributes of a republic acciano reuben 2005 western europe lonely planet p 616 isbn 1740599276 archived from the original on 9 december 2021 retrieved 12 february 2015 smith m l r 2002 fighting for ireland the military strategy of the irish republican movement routledge p 2 isbn 1134713975 archived from the original on 9 december 2021 retrieved 12 february 2015 mcgreevy ronan 24 february 2020 why sinn féin will not call the state by its name...
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