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Text of the page (random words):
2 sanskrit and tibetan 4 2 vowels 5 punctuation 6 unicode 7 see also 8 references 9 external links 10 further reading toggle the table of contents soyombo script 19 languages čeština deutsch español eesti français हिन्दी magyar bahasa indonesia 日本語 한국어 македонски монгол nederlands polski русский svenska ไทย українська 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia abugida type writing system soyombo script 𑪁𑩖𑩻𑩖𑪌𑩰𑩖 𑩰𑩑𑩢𑩑𑪊 script type abugida creator zanabazar 1686 period 1686 1 18th century direction left to right languages mongolian tibetan sanskrit related scripts parent systems egyptian hieroglyphs proto sinaitic script phoenician alphabet aramaic alphabet brāhmī north brāhmī gupta siddhaṃ gaudi 2 nepalese ranjana soyombo script iso 15924 iso 15924 soyo 329 soyombo unicode unicode alias soyombo unicode range u 11a50 u 11aaf soyombo brahmic scripts the brahmi script and its descendants northern brahmic gupta śāradā laṇḍā scripts gurmukhī khojkī khudābādī multānī mahājanī laṅgaṛī bhaṭṭākharī tākri scripts chambeali tākri sirmauri tākri jaunsari tākri mahasu tākri mandeali tākri ḍōgarā sāṁcā scripts pābūcī bhaṭṭākṣarī paṇḍwāṇī candwāṇī bāgoī siddhaṃ nāgarī scripts devanāgarī gujarātī mōḍī gunjala gōṇḍī nandināgarī konkannāgarī kaithī síloṭi nāgarī kāmarūpī ôxômiya traditional gaudi bengali assamese bānglā ôxômiya standard tirhutā oṛiā nepalese scripts prachalit pāchūmōl hiṁmōl kuṁmōl bhujimōl golmōl kveṁmōl litumōl rañjanā soyombo tibetan üchen umê jôyig meitei róng limbu khēmā ʼphags pa zanabazar square marchen marchung pungs chen pungs chung drusha tamyig kalinga bhaikṣukī tocharian southern brahmic bhaṭṭiprōlu box headed script kadaṁba telugu kannada kannaḍa goykānaḍī telugu tamil brahmi vaṭṭeḻuttu koleḻuttŭ malayāṇma pallava tamiḻ grantha tigalari malayalam malayāḷam tigaḷāri thirke dhivēs akuru saurāṣṭra siṁhala khmer khom thai proto tai script sukhothai thai fakkham thai noi lao tai viet dai don lai tay lai pao cham kawi balinese batak buda javanese old sundanese sundanese lontara makasar ulu scripts incung lampung lembak ogan pasemah rejang serawai baybayin buhid hanunoo tagbanwa kulitan mon burmese burmese western pwo karen s gaw karen shan tanchangya lik tai scripts ahom khamti tai le modern mon chakma tai tham new tai lue pyu v t e the soyombo script mongolian соёмбо бичиг ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠩᠪᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ 𑪁𑩖𑩻𑩖𑪌𑩰𑩖 𑩰𑩑𑩢𑩑𑪊 romanized soyombo bichig lit self created holy letters is an abugida invented by the mongolian buddhist monk zanabazar in 1686 to write mongolian it can also be used to write tibetan and sanskrit a special character of the script the soyombo symbol became a national symbol of mongolia and has appeared on the national flag and emblem of mongolia since 1911 as well as in money and postage stamps creation edit the script was designed in 1686 by zanabazar the first spiritual leader of tibetan buddhism in mongolia who also designed the zanabazar square script 3 the soyombo script was created as the fourth mongolian script only 38 years after the invention of the clear script the name of the script alludes to this story it is derived from the sanskrit word svayambhu self created the syllabic system appears to be based on devanagari while the base shape of the letters is derived from the ranjana script details of individual characters resemble traditional mongolian writing systems and the old turkic script use edit öndör gegeen zanabazar properly rendered in soyombo script the eastern mongols used the script primarily as a ceremonial and decorative script zanabazar had created it for the translation of buddhist texts from sanskrit or tibetan and both he and his students used it extensively for that purpose as it was much too complicated to be adopted as an everyday script its use is practically nonexistent today aside from historical texts it can usually be found in temple inscriptions it also has some relevance to linguistic research because it reflects certain developments in the mongolian language such as that of long vowels form edit syllable structure for mongolian consonant or vowel carrier c b vowel v length marker l diphthong marker v d and a final consonant c f syllable structure for sanskrit consonant in prefix form c p consonant or vowel carrier c b stack of medial consonants c 2 c n vowel v length marker l anusvara s a and visarga s v syllable structure for tibetan consonant in prefix form c p consonant or vowel carrier c b stack of medial consonants c 2 c n vowel v length marker l tsheg t the soyombo script was the first mongolian script to be written horizontally from left to right in contrast to earlier scripts that had been written vertically as in the tibetan and devanagari scripts the signs are suspended below a horizontal line giving each line of text a visible backbone the two variations of the soyombo symbol are used as special characters to mark the start and end of a text two of its elements the upper triangle and the right vertical bar form the angular base frame for the other characters within this frame the syllables are composed of one to three elements the first consonant is placed high within the angle the vowel is given by a mark above the frame except for u and ü which are marked in the low center a second consonant is specified by a small mark appended to the inside of the vertical bar pushing any u or ü mark to the left side a short oblique hook at the bottom of the vertical bar marks a long vowel there is also a curved or jagged mark to the right of the vertical bar for the two diphthongs syllable structure edit mongolian edit a syllable in mongolian must contain a consonant or the null consonant 𑩐 and may contain any of a vowel marker a vowel length marker a diphthong marker and a final consonant 4 tibetan edit a syllable in tibetan must contain a consonant or the null consonant 𑩐 and may contain any of a prefixed consonant medial consonants a vowel marker a vowel length marker and a syllable ending tsheg 4 sanskrit edit a syllable in sanskrit must contain a consonant or the null consonant 𑩐 and may contain any of prefixed consonant medial consonants a vowel marker a vowel length marker a diphthong marker and one of the diacritics anusvara or visarga example sanskrit syllables 𑪀𑪖 saṃ 𑩝𑪙𑩻𑩛 khyā 𑩪𑩑𑩛𑪗 ṇīḥ 𑪀𑪙𑩦𑩓𑩛𑪏 ṣṭūp 𑩞𑩘𑪑 gaur 𑪀𑪙𑩴𑩙 smṛ alphabet edit consonants edit soyombo contains the full set of letters to reproduce mongolian as well as additional letters mongolian гали romanized gali used in transcribing sanskrit and tibetan 4 some letters represent different sounds in mongolian sanskrit and tibetan the primary difference between the three occurs in mongolian where letters for sanskrit voiceless sounds are used for voiced stops while the letters for voiceless aspirated sounds are used for voiceless stops 4 𑩜 ka 𑩝 kha 𑩞 ga 𑩟 gha a 𑩠 ṅa 𑩡 ca 𑩢 cha 𑩣 ja 𑩤 jha a 𑩥 ña 𑩦 ṭa a 𑩧 ṭha a 𑩨 ḍa a 𑩩 ḍha a 𑩪 ṇa a 𑩫 ta 𑩬 tha 𑩭 da 𑩮 dha a 𑩯 na 𑩰 pa 𑩱 pha 𑩲 ba 𑩳 bha a 𑩴 ma 𑩵 tsa b 𑩶 tsha b 𑩷 dza b 𑩸 źa b 𑩹 za 𑩺 a b 𑩻 ya 𑩾 va 𑩼 ra 𑩽 la 𑩿 śa 𑪀 ṣa a 𑪁 sa 𑪂 ha 𑪃 kṣa a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 letters used for sanskrit transcription 1 2 3 4 5 letters used for tibetan transcription mongolian edit mongolian employs a subset of soyombo consonants with mongolian specific pronunciations mongolian soyombo consonants 𑩜 ɡa ɢa 𑩝 ka qa 𑩠 ŋa 𑩣 ja 𑩢 ca 𑩥 ña 𑩫 da 𑩬 ta 𑩯 na 𑩰 ba 𑩱 pa 𑩴 ma 𑩻 ya 𑩼 ra 𑩾 va 𑩽 la 𑩿 sha 𑪁 sa 𑪂 ha 𑪃 ksa in mongolian a final consonant is written with a simplified variant of the basic letter in the bottom of the frame in cases where it would conflict with the vowels u or ü the vowel is written to the left 𑩐𑪊 aɡ 𑩐𑪋 ak 𑩐𑪌 aŋ 𑩐𑪍 ad at 𑩐𑪎 an 𑩐𑪏 ab ap 𑩐𑪐 am 𑩐𑪑 ar 𑩐𑪒 al 𑩐𑪓 aš 𑩐𑪔 as 𑩐𑪕 ah sanskrit and tibetan edit in sanskrit and tibetan consonant clusters are usually written by stacking up to three consonants vertically within the same frame example consonant clusters 𑩣 𑩪 𑩣𑪙𑩠 jṅa 𑩜 𑩿 𑩜𑪙𑩿 kśa 𑩭 𑩾 𑩭𑪙𑩾 dva 𑩯 𑩭 𑩯𑪙𑩭 nda 𑩲 𑪁 𑩜 𑩲𑪙𑪁𑪙𑩜 bska 𑩜 𑪀 𑩴 𑩜𑪙𑪀𑪙𑩴 kṣma 𑩭 𑩭 𑩭𑪘 dda 𑩴 𑩴 𑩴𑪘 mma in consonant clusters beginning with 𑩼 ra 𑩽 la 𑩿 śa or 𑪁 sa the first consonant can be reduced to a small prefix written to the left of the next letter s main triangle for example the syllable 𑩼𑪙𑩜 rka can also be written 𑪆𑩜 example prefixed consonants 𑪆 r 𑪇 l 𑪈 ś 𑪉 s 𑪆𑩜 rka 𑪇𑩜 lka 𑪈𑩜 śka 𑪉𑩜 ska vowels edit as in other brahmic scripts a consonant in the soyombo script carries an inherent vowel a so for example the letter 𑩜 is pronounced ka syllables with other vowel sounds are constructed by adding a vowel mark to the base character so for example the syllable 𑩜𑩑 ki is formed by adding the diacritic 𑩑 to a 𑩜 the first character of the alphabet 𑩐 acts as a null consonant or vowel carrier allowing formation of syllables beginning with a vowel sound on its own it represents a short a syllables starting with other vowels are constructed by adding a vowel mark to 𑩐 mongolian uses seven vowels all of which have a short and a long form the long form is indicated with the length mark diphthongs are represented by adding one of the diphthong markers to a syllable vowels combined with 𑩐 𑩐 a 𑩐𑩑 i 𑩐𑩔 e 𑩐𑩒 ü 𑩐𑩓 u 𑩐𑩕 o 𑩐𑩖 ö 𑩐𑩛 ā 𑩐𑩑𑩛 ī 𑩐𑩔𑩛 ē 𑩐𑩛𑩒 ǖ 𑩐𑩛𑩓 ū 𑩐𑩕𑩛 ō 𑩐𑩖𑩛 ȫ diphthongs 𑩗 i 𑩘 u 𑩐𑩗 ai 𑩐𑩘 au sanskrit also includes the syllabic consonants ṛ and ḷ which are treated as vowels and may be short or long sanskrit transcription also requires two additional diacritics the anusvara 𑪖 which indicates that a vowel is nasalised and the visarga 𑪗 which indicates post vocalic aspiration 5 𑩐𑩙 ṛ 𑩐𑩙𑩛𑩙 ṝ 𑩐𑩚 ḷ 𑩐𑩚𑩛 ḹ 𑩐𑪖 aṃ 𑩐𑪗 aḥ punctuation edit apart from the soyombo symbol the only punctuation mark is a full stop represented by a vertical bar in inscriptions words are often separated by a dot at the height of the upper triangle tsheg unicode edit main article soyombo unicode block soyombo script has been included in the unicode standard since the release of unicode version 10 0 in june 2017 the soyombo block currently comprises 83 characters 6 the proposal to encode soyombo was submitted by anshuman pandey 4 the unicode proposal was revised in december 2015 the unicode block for soyombo is u 11a50 u 11aaf soyombo 1 2 official unicode consortium code chart pdf 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f u 11a5x 𑩐 𑩑 𑩒 𑩓 𑩔 𑩕 𑩖 𑩗 𑩘 𑩙 𑩚 𑩛 𑩜 𑩝 𑩞 𑩟 u 11a6x 𑩠 𑩡 𑩢 𑩣 𑩤 𑩥 𑩦 𑩧 𑩨 𑩩 𑩪 𑩫 𑩬 𑩭 𑩮 𑩯 u 11a7x 𑩰 𑩱 𑩲 𑩳 𑩴 𑩵 𑩶 𑩷 𑩸 𑩹 𑩺 𑩻 𑩼 𑩽 𑩾 𑩿 u 11a8x 𑪀 𑪁 𑪂 𑪃 𑪆 𑪇 𑪈 𑪉 𑪊 𑪋 𑪌 𑪍 𑪎 𑪏 u 11a9x 𑪐 𑪑 𑪒 𑪓 𑪔 𑪕 𑪖 𑪗 𑪘 𑪙 𑪝 u 11aax notes 1 as of unicode version 17 0 2 grey areas indicate non assigned code points the menksoft imes provide alternative input methods 7 see also edit mongolian writing systems references edit soyombo alphabet marks 330 years youtube youtube masica colin 1993 the indo aryan languages p 143 anshuman pandey 2011 proposal to encode the soyombo script in iso iec 10646 pdf retrieved 2026 04 21 1 2 3 4 5 pandey anshuman 2015 01 26 l2 15 004 proposal to encode the soyombo script pdf the unicode standard chapter 14 7 soyombo pdf june 2017 ucd unicodedata txt the unicode standard retrieved 2019 03 05 内蒙古蒙科立软件有限责任公司 首页 menksoft com archived from the original on 2012 02 22 retrieved 2012 02 10 external links edit soyombo script omniglot soyombo fonts tex metafont soyombo fonts ttf further reading edit соёмбын нууц ба синергетик эмхэтгэсэн б болдсайхан б батсанаа ц оюунцэцэг улаанбаатар 2005 secrets and synergies of soyombo compiled by b boldsaikhan b batsanaa c oyunceceg ulaanbaatar 2005 v t e types of writing systems overview history of writing grapheme lists writing systems undeciphered inventors constructed languages by writing system by first written accounts types abjads numerals aramaic hatran arabic elifba egyptian hieroglyphs elymaic hebrew ashuri cursive rashi solitreo tifinagh mandaic manichaean nabataean ancient north arabian paleo hebrew pahlavi book inscriptional inscriptional parthian psalter pegon phoenician pitman shorthand proto sinaitic punic samaritan south arabian zabur musnad sogdian syriac ʾesṭrangēlā serṭā maḏnḥāyā teeline shorthand ugaritic abugidas brahmic northern bengali assamese bhaiksuki brahmi script devanagari dogri gujarati gupta gurmukhi kaithi kalinga khema khojki khudabadi laṇḍā lepcha mahajani marchen meitei modi multani nagari nandinagari nepalese scripts bhujimol golmol himmol kummol kvemmol kurukh pachumol newar ranjana tamyig tirhuta limbu litumol odia karani ʼphags pa sharada siddhaṃ soyombo sylheti nagri takri tibetan uchen umê tocharian zanabazar square southern ahom balinese batak baybayin bhattiprolu buda buhid chakma cham fakkham grantha goykanadi hanunoo javanese kadamba kannada karen kawi khmer khom thai kulitan lanna langdi lao leke lontara bilang bilang makasar malayalam old maldivian dhives akuru eveyla akuru mon burmese pallava pyu saurashtra shan sinhala sukhothai sundanese old sundanese tagbanwa tai le new tai lue tai noi tai tham tai viet lai tay tamil tamil brahmi tanchangya telugu thai tigalari ulu scripts incung lampung lembak ogan pasemah rejang serawai vatteluttu kolezhuthu malayanma others bharati boyd s syllabic shorthand canadian syllabics blackfoot déné syllabics dham fox i geʽez gunjala gondi japanese braille sarati jenticha kharosthi mandombe masaram gondi meroitic miao mwangwego pahawh hmong sorang sompeng tengwar thaana thomas natural shorthand warang citi rma alphabets linear adlam ariyaka armenian avestan pazend avoiuli bassa vah carian caucasian albanian cirth coelbren coorgi cox alphabet coptic cyrillic serbian early deseret duployan shorthand chinook eclectic shorthand elbasan enochian etruscan formosan fox ii franklin s phonetic fraser gabelsberger shorthand gadabuursi garay alphabet georgian asomtavruli nuskhuri mkhedruli veso bey glagolitic gothic gregg shorthand greek archaic greco iberian alphabet hangul hanifi hurûf ı munfasıla sunuwar kaddare kayah li klingon latin beneventan blackletter carolingian minuscule fraktur gaelic insular ipa kurrent merovingian sigla sütterlin tironian notes visigothic luo lycian lydian manchu medefaidrin mru mundari bani n ko ogham ol chiki old italic old permic orkhon yenisei old hungarian old uyghur mongolian evenki galik alphabet manchu oirat vagindra ol onal osage osmanya pau cin hau phrygian pisidian runic anglo saxon cipher dalecarlian elder futhark younger futhark gothic marcomannic medieval staveless shavian sidetic sorang sompeng sunuwar tifinagh todhri tolong siki vellara visible speech vithkuqi wancho warang citi yezidi zaghawa non linear braille flag semaphore maritime flags moon type new york point fingerspelling telegraph code ideograms adinkra aztec blissymbols dongba ersu shaba emoji isotype kaidā miꞌkmaw mixtec new epoch notation painting nsibidi anishinaabewibii iganan olmec siglas poveiras testeria...
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