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as a material for rechargeable batteries is being investigated 24 the batteries could have a high power density and a reduction potential of 4 7 v per cell 25 uranium dioxide displays strong piezomagnetism in the antiferromagnetic state observed at cryogenic temperatures below 30 kelvins accordingly the linear magnetostriction found in uo 2 changes sign with the applied magnetic field and exhibits magnetoelastic memory switching phenomena at record high switch fields of 180 000 oe 26 the microscopic origin of the material magnetic properties lays in the face centered cubic crystal lattice symmetry of uranium atoms and its response to applied magnetic fields 27 semiconductor properties edit the band gap of uranium dioxide is comparable to those of silicon and gallium arsenide near the optimum for efficiency vs band gap curve for absorption of solar radiation suggesting its possible use for very efficient solar cells based on schottky diode structure it also absorbs at five different wavelengths including infrared further enhancing its efficiency its intrinsic conductivity at room temperature is about the same as of single crystal silicon 28 the dielectric constant of uranium dioxide is about 21 5 29 which is almost twice as high as of silicon 11 7 30 and gaas 12 4 31 this is an advantage over si and gaas in the construction of integrated circuits as it may allow higher density integration with higher breakdown voltages and with lower susceptibility to the cmos tunnelling breakdown 32 the seebeck coefficient of uranium dioxide at room temperature is about 750 μv k a value significantly higher than the 270 μv k of thallium tin telluride tl 2 snte 5 and thallium germanium telluride tl 2 gete 5 32 and the 170 μv k n type 160 μv k p type of bismuth telluride 33 other materials promising for applications like thermoelectric power generation 32 the radioactive decay impact of the 235 u and 238 u on its semiconducting properties was not measured as of 2005 update due to the slow decay rate of these isotopes it should not meaningfully influence the properties of uranium dioxide solar cells and thermoelectric devices but it may become an important factor for high performance integrated circuits use of depleted uranium oxide is necessary for this reason the capture of alpha particles emitted during radioactive decay as helium atoms in the crystal lattice may also cause gradual long term changes in its properties 32 the stoichiometry of the material dramatically influences its electrical properties for example the electrical conductivity of uo 1 994 is orders of magnitude lower at higher temperatures than the conductivity of uo 2 001 32 uranium dioxide like u 3 o 8 is a ceramic material capable of withstanding high temperatures about 2300 c in comparison with at most 200 c for silicon or gaas 32 uranium dioxide is also resistant to radiation damage 32 making it useful for special military and aerospace applications 32 a schottky diode of u 3 o 8 and a p n p transistor of uo 2 were successfully manufactured in a laboratory 34 health dangers edit uranium dioxide is dangerous in two ways heavy metal toxicity and radiation uranium dioxide decays primarily by emission of alpha particles and gamma radiation which is cumulatively dangerous to biologic organisms including animals and humans it can be severely toxic or even fatal if swallowed inhaled absorbed through the skin and eyes 35 if inhaled short term effects include irreversible kidney damage or acute necrotic arterial lesions inhalation of large particles of uranium materials or chronic exposure to uranium powders may result in radiation damage to internal tissues especially the lungs and bones long term in addition to effects from short term exposure damage may include pulmonary fibrosis and malignant pulmonary neoplasia anemia and blood disorders liver damage bone effects sterility and cancers skin contact with uranium powders may result in dermatitis if ingested it may cause kidney damage or acute necrotic arterial lesions ingestion may also affect the liver and cause radiation damage to internal tissues 35 see also edit cleveite ducrete uranium oxide uranium glass uranium tile references edit leinders gregory cardinaels thomas binnemans koen verwerft marc 2015 accurate lattice parameter measurements of stoichiometric uranium dioxide journal of nuclear materials 459 135 42 bibcode 2015jnum 459 135l doi 10 1016 j jnucmat 2015 01 029 s2cid 97183844 1 2 zumdahl steven s 2009 chemical principles 6th ed houghton mifflin company p a23 isbn 978 0 618 94690 7 a h le page a g fane 1974 the kinetics of hydrogen reduction of uo3 and u3o8 derived from ammonium diuranate journal of inorganic and nuclear chemistry 36 1 87 92 doi 10 1016 0022 1902 74 80663 9 notz k j huntington c w burkhardt w 1 july 1962 hydrogen reduction of uranium oxides a phase study by means of a controlled atmosphere diffractometer hot stage industrial engineering chemistry process design and development 1 3 213 217 doi 10 1021 i260003a010 1 2 conversion and deconversion world nuclear association 20 nov 2024 retrieved 18 mar 2025 petit l svane a szotek z temmerman w m stocks g m 2010 01 07 electronic structure and ionicity of actinide oxides from first principles physical review b 81 4 045108 arxiv 0908 1806 bibcode 2010phrvb 81d5108p doi 10 1103 physrevb 81 045108 s2cid 118365366 1 2 skinner l b benmore c j weber j k r williamson m a tamalonis a hebden a wiencek t alderman o l g guthrie m leibowitz l parise j b 2014 molten uranium dioxide structure and dynamics science 346 6212 984 7 bibcode 2014sci 346 984s doi 10 1126 science 1259709 osti 1174101 pmid 25414311 s2cid 206561628 g rousseau l desgranges f charlot n millot j c nièpce m pijolat f valdivieso g baldinozzi j f bérar 2006 a detailed study of uo2 to u3o8 oxidation phases and the associated rate limiting steps journal of nuclear materials 355 1 3 10 20 doi 10 1016 j jnucmat 2006 03 015 haschke john m allen thomas h morales luis a 2001 reactions of plutonium dioxide with water and hydrogen oxygen mixtures mechanisms for corrosion of uranium and plutonium journal of alloys and compounds 314 1 2 78 91 doi 10 1016 s0925 8388 00 01222 6 buchel gerald l 1963 equilibrium studies of the uranium dioxide carbon and neodymium sesquioxide carbon systems m s thesis michigan state university mixed oxide mox fuel world nuclear association 10 oct 2017 retrieved 11 mar 2025 peakman aiden rossiter glyn 2024 incorporation of uranium nitride fuel capability into the enigma fuel performance code model development and validation nuclear engineering and design 429 113604 bibcode 2024nuend 42913604p doi 10 1016 j nucengdes 2024 113604 issn 0029 5493 dr celine hin thermal conductivity of metallic uranium u s department of energy office of scientific and technical information retrieved 18 mar 2025 r r hammer september 1967 zircaloy 4 uranium dioxide and materials formed by their interaction a literature review with extrapolation of physical properties to high temperatures u s department of energy office of scientific and technical information idaho nuclear corporation retrieved 18 mar 2025 thermal conductivity of uranium dioxide nuclear power retrieved 18 mar 2025 örtel stefan uran in der keramik geschichte technik hersteller radon health and natural hazards editors g k gillmore f e perrier r g m crockett pp 50 52 2018 geological society of london isbn 1786203081 9781786203083 google books amber davis 22 jan 2025 a glowing review of uranium glass orau then now oak ridge associated universities donna strahan 19 jul 2013 uranium in glass glazes and enamels history identification and handling studies in conservation 46 3 181 195 doi 10 1179 sic 2001 46 3 181 toor r s s brar g s 2012 uranium a dentist s perspective journal of international society of preventive and community dentistry 2 1 1 7 doi 10 4103 2231 0762 103447 pmc 3894091 pmid 24478959 lessing paul a 1 mar 1995 development of ducrete report idaho national engineering laboratory doi 10 2172 366558 osti 366558 forsberg charles w swaney paul m tiegs terry n characteristics and fabrication of cermet spent nuclear fuel casks ceramic particles embedded in steel conference 14th international symposium on the packaging and transportation of radioactive materials patram 2004 https www osti gov etdeweb servlets purl 20773271 hutchings graham j heneghan catherine s hudson ian d taylor stuart h 1996 uranium oxide based catalysts for the destruction of volatile chloro organic compounds nature 384 6607 341 3 bibcode 1996natur 384 341h doi 10 1038 384341a0 s2cid 4299921 wu binbin yu jianguo 10 jun 2013 from used oxide nuclear fuel to rechargeable battery a first principles study mrs proceedings 1541 doi 10 1557 opl 2013 732 dunbar paul lee desautels rhonda initial development of a depleted uranium battery university of kentucky jaime marcelo saul andres salamon myron b zapf vivien harrison neil durakiewicz tomasz lashley jason c andersson david a stanek christopher r smith james l gofryk krysztof 2017 piezomagnetism and magnetoelastic memory in uranium dioxide nature communications 8 1 99 bibcode 2017natco 8 99j doi 10 1038 s41467 017 00096 4 pmc 5524652 pmid 28740123 antonio daniel j weiss joel t shanks katherine s ruff jacob p c jaime marcelo saul andres swinburne thomas salamon myron b lavina barbara koury daniel gruner sol m andersson david a stanek christopher r durakiewicz tomasz smith james l islam zahir gofryk krysztof 2021 piezomagnetic switching and complex phase equilibria in uranium dioxide communications materials 2 1 17 arxiv 2104 06340 bibcode 2021comat 2 17a doi 10 1038 s43246 021 00121 6 s2cid 231812027 an yong q taylor antoinette j conradson steven d trugman stuart a durakiewicz tomasz rodriguez george 2011 ultrafast hopping dynamics of 5 f electrons in the mott insulator uo 2 studied by femtosecond pump probe spectroscopy physical review letters 106 20 207402 bibcode 2011phrvl 106t7402a doi 10 1103 physrevlett 106 207402 pmid 21668262 hampton r n saunders g a harding j h stoneham a m 1 sep 1987 the pressure dependence of the dielectric constant and electrical conductivity of single crystal uranium dioxide journal of nuclear materials 150 1 17 23 bibcode 1987jnum 150 17h doi 10 1016 0022 3115 87 90089 4 yang xiaofan liu xiaoming yu shuo gan lu zhou jun zeng yonghu aug 2019 permittivity of undoped silicon in the millimeter wave range electronics 8 8 886 doi 10 3390 electronics8080886 fox mark 2010 optical properties of solids 2 ed oxford university press p 283 isbn 978 0 19 957337 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 meek thomas hu michael haire m jonathan 25 feb 1 mar 2001 semiconductive properties of uranium oxides doc waste management symposium 2001 tucson retrieved 13 apr 2025 goldsmid h julian 28 mar 2014 bismuth telluride and its alloys as materials for thermoelectric generation materials 7 4 2577 2592 bibcode 2014mate 7 2577g doi 10 3390 ma7042577 pmc 5453363 pmid 28788584 meek thomas t von roedern b 2008 semiconductor devices fabricated from actinide oxides vacuum 83 1 226 8 bibcode 2008vacuu 83 226m doi 10 1016 j vacuum 2008 04 005 1 2 safety data sheet uranium dioxide u s department of energy june 23 2020 retrieved 2025 07 25 further reading edit barrett s a jacobson a j tofield b c fender b e f 1982 the preparation and structure of barium uranium oxide bauo3 x acta crystallographica section b 38 11 2775 bibcode 1982accrb 38 2775b doi 10 1107 s0567740882009935 external links edit semiconducting properties of uranium oxides archived 2012 09 01 at the wayback machine free dictionary listing for uranium dioxide the uranium dioxide archived 2013 09 16 at the wayback machine international bio analytical industries inc v t e uranium compounds u ii ub 2 us u iii uf 3 ucl 3 ubr 3 ui 3 up u oh 3 uh 3 un organouranium iii compounds u c 5 h 5 3 u iv u bh 4 4 uc ucl 4 uf 4 nh 4 2 uf 6 ubr 4 ui 4 uo 2 u oh 4 uh 4 usi 2 us 2 use 2 ute 2 u so 4 2 organouranium iv compounds u c 8 h 8 2 u c 5 h 5 4 u c 5 h 5 3 cl u iv v u 2 n 3 u 4 o 9 u 3 o 7 u v ucl 5 uf 5 ubr 5 ui 5 u 2 o 5 u v vi u 3 o 8 u vi nh 4 2 u 2 o 7 na 2 u 2 o 7 mgu 2 o 7 ucl 6 uf 6 uo 3 un 2 uranyl compounds na 4 uo 2 co 3 3 u 2 o 7 uo 4 uo 2 ch 3 coo 2 uo 2 cho 2 2 uo 2 co 3 uo 2 c 2 o 4 uo 2 co 3 2 nh 4 2 co 3 uo 2 br 2 uo 2 cl 2 uo 2 f 2 uo 2 i 2 uo 2 no 3 2 uo 2 oh 2 uo 2 2 oh 4 uo 2 po 3 2 uo 2 so 4 2 znuo 2 ch 3 coo 4 u xii uo 6 hypothetical v t e salts and covalent derivatives of the oxide ion h 2 o he li 2 o beo b 6 o bo b 2 o 3 c 2 o c 12 o 9 c 3 o 2 co co 2 co 3 c x o y n 2 o no n 2 o 2 n 2 o 3 n 2 o 4 no 2 n 2 o 5 n x o y o 2 2 f ne na 2 o mgo al 2 o alo al 2 o 3 sio sio 2 po p 4 o 6 p 4 o 10 so s 2 o 2 so 2 so 3 cl 2 o clo cl 2 o 4 clo 2 cl 2 o 5 cl 2 o 6 cl 2 o 7 ar k 2 o cao sc 2 o 3 tio ti 2 o 3 tio 2 vo v 2 o 3 vo 2 v 2 o 5 cro cr 2 o 3 cro 2 cro 3 mno mn 3 o 4 mn 2 o 3 mno 2 mn 2 o 7 feo fe 3 o 4 fe 2 o 3 coo co 3 o 4 co 2 o 3 nio ni 2 o 3 cu 2 o cuo zno ga 2 o ga 2 o 3 geo geo 2 as 2 o 3 as 2 o 5 seo 2 seo 3 br 2 o bro bro 2 br 3 o 8 kr rb 2 o sro yo y 2 o 3 zro zro 2 nbo nbo 2 nb 2 o 5 moo 2 moo 3 tco 2 tc 2 o 7 ruo 2 ruo 4 rh 2 o 3 rho 2 pdo ag 2 o ag 4 o 4 ag 2 o 3 cdo in 2 o 3 sno sno 2 sb 2 o 3 sb 2 o 4 sb 2 o 5 teo 2 teo 3 i 2 o io io 2 i 2 o 5 xeo 3 xeo 4 cs 2 o bao lu 2 o 3 hfo 2 ta 2 o 5 w 2 o 3 wo 2 w 2 o 5 wo 3 reo 2 reo 3 re 2 o 7 oso 2 oso 4 iro 2 iro 4 pto 2 au 2 o 3 hg 2 o hgo tl 2 o tl 2 o 3 pbo pb 3 o 4 pbo 2 bi 2 o 3 bi 2 o 5 poo poo 2 poo 3 at rn fr rao lr rfo 2 db 2 o 5 sgo 3 bh 2 o 7 hso 4 mt ds rg cn nh fl mc lv ts og la 2 o 3 ce 2 o 3 ceo 2 pr 2 o 3 pr 6 o 11 pro 2 nd 2 o 3 pm 2 o 3 sm 2 o 3 euo eu 2 o 3 gd 2 o 3 tb 2 o 3 tb 4 o 7 tbo 2 dy 2 o 3 ho 2 o 3 er 2 o 3 tm 2 o 3 yb 2 o 3 ac 2 o 3 tho tho 2 pao pao 2 pa 2 o 5 uo 2 u 2 o 5 u 3 o 8 uo 3 np 2 o 3 npo 2 np 2 o 5 npo 3 pu 2 o 3 puo 2 puo 3 am 2 o 3 amo 2 cm 2 o 3 cmo 2 bko bk 2 o 3 bko 2 cf 2 o 3 cfo 2 es 2 o 3 fm md no retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title uranium_dioxide oldid 1368854189 categories nuclear chemistry uranium iv compounds nuclear materials oxides semiconductor materials fluorite crystal structure hidden categories articles without inchi source articles without ebi source articles without kegg source echa infocard id from wikidata chembox having ghs data articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes articles with short description short description matches wikidata wikipedia articles needing clarification from march 2025 all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from january 2017 articles containing potentially dated statements from 2005 all articles containing potentially dated statements webarchive template wayback links articles containing video clips this page was last edited on 11 august 2026 at 12 42 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and 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