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ns medical training programmes and community outreach programmes 3 the journey to safe abortions gained relevance within ethiopia s political agenda throughout the 1990s however various religious practices in ethiopia soon expressed their resistance to these plans the 2007 census demonstrates that 43 5 of citizens identified as orthodox christian 33 9 identified as muslim and 18 5 identified as protestant christian 2 a study conducted in the same year showed that 67 considered induced abortion as never justifiable 2 however with ethiopia s rapidly growing population a population policy goal was implemented in 1993 to stabilise the rate of population alongside the economic growth this policy came to existence during a transition from the imperial and military regimes in ethiopia during which population and the reproductive health movement had largely been neglected as a national concern 4 the policy s crucial goals were to reduce the fertility rate from 7 7 to 4 and promote the use of modern contraception among married women who were of child bearing age from less than 5 to 44 4 before 1993 the ethiopian government played a role in actively discouraging the administration and use of contraception hence with this population policy ethiopia adopted the principle of providing safe abortions and seeking planned pregnancy three years after the legalisation of abortion in ethiopia the who found that unsafe abortions contributed to 18 of maternal mortality in east africa a significant improvement from the previous 31 5 by 2014 the maternal mortality caused by unsafe abortions in ethiopia had declined to 10 1 legality edit in 2005 ethiopia legalized abortion in cases of rape incest or foetal impairment 6 7 8 9 woman can legally terminate her pregnancy if the pregnancy or childbirth endanger her life although abortion is prohibited by criminal code the ethiopian parliament approved it in the following circumstances 10 11 when the pregnancy results from rape or incest when continuance of the pregnancy endangers the health or life of the woman or the fetus in cases of fetal abnormalities for women with physical or mental disabilities for minors who are physically or psychologically unprepared to raise a child in the case of grave and imminent danger that can be averted only through immediate pregnancy termination a woman can terminate the pregnancy upon a difficulty of giving birth owing to minor or physical disability 12 however the law engendered almost six in ten unsafe abortions in ethiopia in 2006 the government started a national standard for safe abortion guideline that utilizes medications such as misoprostol with or without mifepristone to terminate pregnancies in accordance with world health organization who clinical recommendations on safe abortion 13 available abortion services are 14 medical abortion cytotec misoprostol mifepristone surgical abortion manual vacuum aspiration mva dilation and curettage d c incidents edit in 2008 an estimated 382 500 induced abortions were performed in ethiopia for annual rate of 23 abortions per 1 000 women aged 15 44 6 15 the abortion rate in ethiopia was lower than in african and eastern african countries which has 29 and 39 respectively according to who estimates 16 in urban areas abortions rates are higher than the national average such as addis ababa dire dawa and harar factors for these conditions include greater social and healthcare provision attracting women in these areas 12 some of 35 women tend to undergo induced abortion whereas 27 of those obtaining post abortion care report having had a previous abortion 17 in 2014 about 620 300 abortions were performed in ethiopia corresponding to annual rate of 28 abortions per 1 000 women aged 15 49 an increase from 22 per 1 000 in 2008 18 19 provision of abortion and post abortion care edit in 2008 about 27 women induced abortions were safe performed by health facilities 5 however 15 58 000 abortions reported safe despite lack of clear survey from private and public hospitals some of these practices were legal and mostly performed by private and small facilities about half of all health facilities provided induced abortions in ethiopia the proportion is higher than for public hospitals 76 and private or non governmental facilities 63 than for public health centers 41 12 this proportion is likely fluctuating as there are abortion services in public facilities currently private and ngo facilities mostly provide induced abortion aboard access to second trimester abortions is severely limited in which 9 10 of all facilities only provide these services 12 in 2014 legally performed induced abortions reached 53 some 326 200 in all health facilities nearly double the proportion in 2008 27 between 2008 and 2014 shared abortion rate increased from zero to more than one third 13 unintended pregnancy and contraception edit modern contraceptive adoption is much higher in addis ababa 57 among women aged 15 44 than in ethiopia as whole 14 while in rural areas it is below national average 3 16 one of the root causes of abortion is the low level of contraceptive methods which leads to unintended pregnancy 12 13 of unintended pregnancy ended in 2014 up slightly from 10 in 2008 13 public opinion edit despite the legalisation of abortion in 2005 many women in ethiopia demonstrate little knowledge when it comes to the abortion process this is due to a combination of factors including religious practices cultural barriers public stigma and moral beliefs that inherently value the life of the foetus a survey of women between the ages of 15 49 from bahir dar in north eastern ethiopia shows that two thirds were aware of the 2005 law but 57 remained under educated as to its purposes 20 a community based cross sectional survey from 2017 found that a woman s age can determine the level of knowledge held regarding the abortion law similarly the woman s occupation can determine the attitude towards the abortion law overall those with a lack of knowledge towards the abortion law are found likely to possess a conservative attitude towards abortion 20 this highlights the nation s need for further education across all ages to break down the stigma and conservative attitudes concerning abortion in ethiopia references edit 1 2 berhan yifru berhan asres 2014 causes of maternal mortality in ethiopia a significant decline in abortion related death ethiopian journal of health sciences 24 special issue 15 28 doi 10 4314 ejhs v24i0 3s pmc 4249203 pmid 25489180 via african journals online 1 2 3 ewnetu demelash bezabih thorsen viva combs solbakk jan helge magelssen morten 2020 02 11 still a moral dilemma how ethiopian professionals providing abortion come to terms with conflicting norms and demands bmc medical ethics 21 1 16 doi 10 1186 s12910 020 0458 7 issn 1472 6939 pmc 7014608 pmid 32046695 hessini l brookman amissah e crane b b 2006 global policy change and women s access to safe abortion the impact of the world health organization s guidance in african african journal of reproductive health 10 3 14 27 doi 10 2307 30032468 issn 1118 4841 jstor 30032468 1 2 prata ndola summer anna january 2015 assessing political priority for reproductive health in ethiopia reproductive health matters 23 46 158 168 doi 10 1016 j rhm 2015 11 004 issn 0968 8080 pmid 26719007 1 2 dibaba yohannes dijkerman sally fetters tamara moore ann gebreselassie hailemichael gebrehiwot yirgu benson janie 2017 03 04 a decade of progress providing safe abortion services in ethiopia results of national assessments in 2008 and 2014 bmc pregnancy and childbirth 17 1 76 doi 10 1186 s12884 017 1266 z issn 1471 2393 pmc 5336611 pmid 28257646 1 2 singh susheela fetters tamara gebreselassie hailemichael abdella ahmed gebrehiwot yirgu kumbi solomon audam suzette 2010 the estimated incidence of induced abortion in ethiopia 2008 international perspectives on sexual and reproductive health 36 1 16 25 doi 10 1363 3601610 issn 1944 0391 jstor 20696526 pmid 20403802 playing it safe legal and clandestine abortions 10 september 2022 o connell kathryn a kebede addisalem t menna bereket m woldetensay mengistu t fischer sara e samandari ghazaleh kassaw jemal k 2022 06 13 signs of a turning tide in social norms and attitudes toward abortion in ethiopia findings from a qualitative study in four regions reproductive health 19 1 198 doi 10 1186 s12978 021 01240 6 issn 1742 4755 pmc 9195190 pmid 35698231 alemu kidist birhanu solomon fekadu leta endale fitsum tamene aiggan habte aklilu 2022 08 18 safe abortion service utilization and associated factors among insecurely housed women who experienced abortion in southwest ethiopia 2021 a community based cross sectional study plos one 17 8 e0272939 bibcode 2022ploso 1772939a doi 10 1371 journal pone 0272939 issn 1932 6203 pmc 9387822 pmid 35980966 blystad astrid haukanes haldis tadele getnet haaland marte e s sambaiga richard zulu joseph mumba moland karen marie 2019 09 27 the access paradox abortion law policy and practice in ethiopia tanzania and zambia international journal for equity in health 18 1 126 doi 10 1186 s12939 019 1024 0 issn 1475 9276 pmc 6764131 pmid 31558147 abortion law in ethiopia a comparative perspective pdf 10 september 2022 archived from the original on 10 september 2022 retrieved 10 september 2022 1 2 3 4 5 facts on unintended pregnancy and abortion in ethiopia pdf 9 september 2022 1 2 3 induced abortion and postabortion care in ethiopia guttmacher institute 2017 01 04 retrieved 2022 09 09 it is abortion legal in ethiopia howtouseabortionpill www howtouseabortionpill org retrieved 2022 09 10 senbeto elias alene getu degu abesno nuru yeneneh hailu 2005 06 24 prevalence and associated risk factoprs of induced abortion in northwest ethiopia ethiopian journal of health development 19 1 37 44 doi 10 4314 ejhd v19i1 9969 issn 1021 6790 megersa bikila soboka ojengbede oladosu akanbi deckert andreas fawole olufunmilayo ibitola 2020 09 03 factors associated with induced abortion among women of reproductive age attending selected health facilities in addis ababa ethiopia a case control study bmc women s health 20 1 188 doi 10 1186 s12905 020 01023 4 issn 1472 6874 pmc 7469090 pmid 32883263 safe and unsafe induced abortion pdf 10 september 2022 moore a m gebrehiwot y fetters t wado y d bankole a singh s gebreselassie h getachew y 10 september 2022 the estimated incidence of induced abortion in ethiopia 2014 international perspectives on sexual and reproductive health 42 3 111 120 doi 10 1363 42e1816 pmc 5568682 pmid 28825902 moore ann m gebrehiwot yirgu fetters tamara wado yohannes dibaba bankole akinrinola singh susheela gebreselassie hailemichael getachew yonas 2016 the estimated incidence of induced abortion in ethiopia 2014 changes in the provision of services since 2008 international perspectives on sexual and reproductive health 42 3 111 120 doi 10 1363 42e1816 issn 1944 0391 jstor 10 1363 42e1816 pmc 5568682 pmid 28825902 1 2 muzeyen r ayichiluhm m manyazewal t 2017 07 01 legal rights to safe abortion knowledge and attitude of women in north west ethiopia toward the current ethiopian abortion law public health 148 129 136 doi 10 1016 j puhe 2017 03 020 issn 0033 3506 pmid 28482320 v t e abortion in africa sovereign states algeria angola benin botswana burkina faso burundi cameroon cape verde central african republic chad comoros democratic republic of the congo republic of the congo djibouti egypt equatorial guinea eritrea eswatini ethiopia gabon the gambia ghana guinea guinea bissau ivory coast kenya lesotho liberia libya madagascar malawi mali mauritania mauritius morocco mozambique namibia niger nigeria rwanda são tomé and príncipe senegal seychelles sierra leone somalia south africa south sudan sudan tanzania togo tunisia uganda zambia zimbabwe states with limited recognition sahrawi arab democratic republic somaliland dependencies and other territories canary islands ceuta melilla spain madeira portugal mayotte réunion france saint helena ascension island tristan da cunha united kingdom v t e abortion main topics definitions history methods abortion debate philosophical aspects abortion law movements abortion rights movements anti abortion movements issues abortion and mental health beginning of human personhood beginning of pregnancy controversy abortion breast cancer hypothesis anti abortion violence abortion under communism birth control crisis pregnancy center ethical aspects of abortion eugenics forced abortion genetics and abortion late term abortion legal protection of access legalized abortion and crime effect libertarian perspectives on abortion limit of viability live births following abortion attempts malthusianism men s rights minors and abortion misinformation related to abortion natalism one child policy paternal rights and abortion post abortion care prenatal development prenatal rights reproductive rights self induced abortion sex selective abortion sidewalk counseling societal attitudes towards abortion socialism termination for medical reasons toxic abortion unsafe abortion women s rights by country africa algeria angola benin botswana burkina faso burundi cameroon cape verde central african republic chad democratic republic of the congo republic of the congo egypt equatorial guinea eritrea eswatini ethiopia gabon the gambia ghana guinea ivory coast kenya lesotho liberia libya madagascar malawi mali mauritius morocco mozambique namibia niger nigeria rwanda senegal seychelles sierra leone somalia south africa south sudan sudan tanzania togo tunisia uganda zambia zimbabwe asia afghanistan armenia azerbaijan bahrain bangladesh bhutan brunei cambodia china hong kong cyprus georgia india iran israel japan kazakhstan north korea south korea laos lebanon malaysia nepal northern cyprus philippines qatar saudi arabia singapore taiwan timor leste turkey united arab emirates vietnam yemen europe albania andorra austria belarus belgium bosnia and herzegovina bulgaria croatia czech republic denmark estonia finland france germany greece hungary iceland ireland italy kazakhstan latvia liechtenstein lithuania luxembourg malta moldova monaco montenegro netherlands north macedonia norway poland portugal romania russia san marino serbia slovakia slovenia spain sweden switzerland ukraine united kingdom north america bahamas belize canada costa rica cuba dominican republic el salvador guatemala honduras mexico nicaragua panama trinidad and tobago united states oceania australia micronesia fiji kiribati marshall islands new zealand papua new guinea samoa solomon islands tonga tuvalu vanuatu south america argentina bolivia brazil chile colombia ecuador guyana paraguay peru suriname uruguay venezuela law case law constitutional law history of abortion law laws by country buffer zones conscientious objection fetal protection six week bans informed consent late term restrictions parental involvement spousal consent methods vacuum aspiration 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