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n the united states in 1981 107 aids research did not have the proper money needed during reagan s administration there were requests for more funding by doctors at the centers for disease control cdc but they were ignored by the end of the first 12 months of the epidemic more than 1 000 people had died of aids in the united states 107 108 by the time president reagan gave his first speech on the epidemic in 1987 36 058 americans had been diagnosed with aids and 20 849 had died of it 109 by the end of 1989 the year reagan left office 115 786 people had been diagnosed with aids in the united states and more than 70 000 of them had died of it 107 during his presidency he also stopped giving out money that was given by the world health organization 110 in 1988 before speaking to the united nations reagan decided to give out the who funds 110 reagan originally did not support making martin luther king jr s birthday a national holiday because of cost concerns 111 112 but on november 2 1983 reagan signed a bill to create a federal holiday honoring king 113 the bill had passed the senate by a count of 78 to 22 114 and the house of representatives by 338 to 90 115 the holiday was observed for the first time on january 20 1986 116 it is observed on the third monday of january 116 economic policies change change source main article reaganomics reagan gives a televised address from the oval office about his economic plan reaganomics july 1981 reagan believed that the government should be small not big this means that the government should not interfere in people s lives very much or interfere with what businesses do 8 he believed in supply side economics which was also called reaganomics and voodoo economics by people who did not like it during his term 117 he lowered everybody s income taxes by 25 118 and cut government spending 119 while he was president inflation went from 13 5 to 4 1 2 reagan s economic plan caused a bad economy during 1982 but the economy recovered in 1983 120 121 however people who did not like his economic plan pointed out an increase in the national debt from 31 to 50 8 of the country s gdp 122 during his time in office unemployment fell from 7 6 to 5 5 and the economy grew by 40 2 however at the end of his presidency income inequality in the country grew as poverty and inequality in the country got worse 123 his economic policies also made it harder for black americans to earn as much money as white americans 124 a federal reserve board study in 1992 said that reagan s economic policies mainly helped rich americans as they became richer while those in poverty had little help 125 foreign policy change change source reagan gave his evil empire speech to the national association of evangelicals in orlando florida on march 8 1983 126 he spoke about the nuclear arms race and said how communism would eventually fail 126 127 reagan said in your discussions of the nuclear freeze proposals i urge you to beware the temptation of pride the temptation of blithely declaring yourselves above it all and label both sides equally at fault to ignore the facts of history and the aggressive impulses of an evil empire to simply call the arms race a giant misunderstanding and thereby remove yourself from the struggle between right and wrong and good and evil 128 reagan addressing the national association of evangelicals 1983 in the evil empire speech reagan also said how he wanted nato to use nuclear armed intermediate range ballistic missiles in western europe as a response to the soviets adding new nuclear armed missiles in eastern europe 127 in 1983 reagan sent forces to lebanon to stop the threat of the lebanese civil war 129 on october 23 1983 american forces in beirut were attacked 130 the beirut barracks bombing killed 241 americans and hurt more than 60 others by a suicide truck bomber 131 130 reagan removed all the marines from lebanon 132 defense secretary caspar weinberger who had told the administration against having u s marines in lebanon said there would be no change in the u s s lebanon policy 133 reagan met with his national security team and planned to target the sheik abdullah barracks in baalbek lebanon 134 a joint american french air assault on the camp where the bombing was planned was also approved by reagan and french president françois mitterrand however u s defense secretary weinberger successfully told reagan to go against the mission 135 reagan and george shultz meets with prime minister eugenia charles of dominica in the oval office about the events in grenada november 1983 in september 1983 korean air lines flight 007 was shot down by the soviet union 136 it killed one politician and many more americans reagan was angry at the soviets 136 reagan addressed the nation 136 as a result reagan proposed that the american military s gps would be allowed for civilian use 137 in his address reagan said i m coming before you tonight about the korean airline massacre the attack by the soviet union against 269 innocent men women and children aboard an unarmed korean passenger plane this crime against humanity must never be forgotten here or throughout the world 138 on october 25 1983 reagan ordered u s forces to invade grenada code named operation urgent fury reagan said that there was a regional threat posed by a soviet cuban military build up in the caribbean in grenada 139 operation urgent fury was the first major military operation done by u s forces since the vietnam war some days of fighting started but it resulted in a u s victory 139 in mid december u s forces withdrew from grenada after a new form of government was created there 139 1984 re election campaign change change source main articles ronald reagan 1984 presidential campaign and united states presidential election 1984 reagan campaigning for his re election campaign in endicott new york reagan was once again nominated for president at the 1984 republican national convention 140 his democratic opponent was former vice president walter mondale of minnesota 141 during the first presidential debate many said reagan lost the debate and there were rumors about reagan s health citing his confusion on stage 142 many thought reagan was showing the early stages of alzheimer s disease 143 in the second debate reagan improved his performance and when asked about questions of his age he said i will not make age an issue of this campaign i am not going to exploit for political purposes my opponent s youth and inexperience 144 reagan s statement made the entire audience laugh including the moderators and mondale himself 144 reagan also repeated his 1980 debate phrase there you go again 144 reagan was re elected in 1984 in a landslide victory reagan won 49 out of the 50 states 141 he carried more electoral votes than any other president in american history 141 second term 1985 89 change change source reagan being inaugurated as president at the white house january 1985 reagan was sworn in as president once again on january 20 1985 he was sworn in at the white house due to cold weather 141 in the weeks after he changed his staff by moving white house chief of staff james baker to secretary of the treasury and naming treasury secretary donald regan to chief of staff 145 foreign policy change change source reagan became friends with the prime minister of the united kingdom margaret thatcher 141 both of them held meetings about the soviet union s threat and how to end the cold war reagan became the first american president to ever address the british parliament 146 reagan with mikhail gorbachev at the reykjavík summit october 1986 in foreign policy reagan ended détente the policy of being friendly to the soviet union by ordering the largest peacetime military buildup in american history 147 148 the u s government had to borrow a lot of money to pay for it he had many new weapons built soon the u s began to research a missile defense system that would destroy missiles it was to prevent a nuclear war from happening 149 the program was called strategic defense initiative it was nicknamed star wars 149 he directed money to anti communist movements all over the world that wanted to overthrow their communist government he ordered multiple military operations including the invasion of grenada and the libya bombing 8 150 in 1985 mikhail gorbachev became the new leader of the soviet union which was in bad shape and soon to collapse reagan had many talks with him their first meeting together was at the reykjavík summit in iceland 151 they became good friends 152 153 in may 1985 reagan and chancellor helmut kohl were scheduled to visit a military cemetery in bitburg germany to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the end of world war ii 154 the visit caused controversy as the cemetery had members of the waffen ss buried there and reagan did not schedule a visit to a concentration camp 154 as a result a trip to the bergen belsen concentration camp was added to reagan s schedule where he made a few remarks about the holocaust and the end of the war 154 reagan responded by saying this visit has stirred many emotions in the american and german people too some old wounds have been reopened and this i regret very much because this should be a time of healing 155 reagan meeting with members of the united states congress about plans to attack libya after the bombings april 1986 during the reagan presidency relations between libya and the united states were not good in early april 1986 relations became worse when a bomb exploded in a berlin discothèque 156 it resulted in the injury of 63 american military personnel and the death of one serviceman 156 on april 15 1986 the united states launched many attacks in libya 157 158 british prime minister margaret thatcher allowed the u s air force to use britain s air bases to launch the attack 158 the attack was done to stop gaddafi s ability to export terrorism offering him incentives and reasons to alter his criminal behavior 157 the president addressed the nation from the oval office after the attacks started he said when our citizens are attacked or abused anywhere in the world on the direct orders of hostile regimes we will respond so long as i m in this office 158 many countries and the united nations did not like reagan s decision to bomb libya 159 the united nations said that reagan broke the charter of the united nations and of international law 159 in the 1980s apartheid in south africa was becoming more violent and a global issue 160 the democrats in the senate tried to pass the anti apartheid act in september 1985 but could not pass because of a republican filibuster 161 reagan created his own sanctions for south africa but democrats thought they were weak 162 reagan s response on the first version of the anti apartheid act october 1985 the bill was re introduced in 1986 and brought up for a vote even though republican wanted to block it to give reagan s sanctions time to work 163 it passed the house with reagan publicly against it 164 later the senate approved the bill with a 84 14 vote 165 on september 26 1986 reagan vetoed the bill saying that it would cause an economic war 166 republican senator richard lugar led the senate to override reagan s veto 167 the veto was reversed by congress by the senate 78 to 21 the house by 313 to 83 on october 2 168 the veto override was the first one on a presidential foreign policy veto in the 20th century 166 in response to the veto override reagan said i believe are not the best course of action they hurt the very people they are intended to help my hope is that these punitive sanctions do not lead to more violence and more repression our administration will nevertheless implement the law 169 reagan also criticized those who were against apartheid such as the african national congress anc 160 he thought the anc was dangerous and supported communism 160 on a trip to the united states after winning the nobel peace prize in 1984 bishop desmond tutu said that reagan s policy was immoral evil and totally un christian 160 tutu also called reagan a racist pure and simple 170 reagan addressed the nation in regards to the affair and took full responsibility march 1987 reagan s popularity was badly hurt by the political scandal iran contra affair 8 171 the government illegally sold weapons to iran 171 it later used the profits to support a nicaraguan terrorist group called the contras 171 reagan told the american people he did not know anything about the scandal 171 reagan gave money to the contras to fight off the communist rule of daniel ortega in nicaragua but when it became too expensive congress made it illegal to pay the contras 171 as a result members of reagan s administration began to send money illegally to the contras 171 the new york times said that reagan s 1980 campaign made a deal with iran in which they would release american hostages after jimmy carter left office 172 his united states national security advisor john poindexter was charged with multiple felonies and later resigned 173 reagan later nominated former ambassador frank carlucci to replace poindexter 174 his secretary of defense caspar weinberger was thought to be guilty but resigned before a trial could begin 175 reagan later nominated carlucci to be his defense secretary 174 oliver north a member of the united states national security council resigned and was questioned for his role in the affair 176 in february 1987 white house chief of staff donald regan also resigned because of personal problems he had with reagan and first lady reagan about his handling of the affair 177 soon he told the american people that it was his fault in his apology reagan said let s start with the part that is the most controversial a few months ago i told the american people i did not trade arms for hostages my heart and my best intentions still tell me that s true but the facts and the evidence tell me it is not 178 in the end fourteen administration officials were indicted and eleven convictions resulted 178 the rest of those indicted or convicted were all pardoned by president george h w bush who had been vice president at the time of the affair 179 in 1987 reagan traveled to berlin to give a speech at the berlin wall 180 that is where he gave one of his well known speeches of his presidency 180 former west german chancellor helmut kohl said he would never forget standing near reagan when he told gorbachev to tear down the berlin wall he was a stroke of luck for the world especially for europe 181 talking about the brandenburg gate and the berlin wall he said that gorbachev should support liberalization and that by tearing down the berlin wall it would bring freedom and peace to germany 182 ronald and nancy reagan near the berlin wall june 1987 during his term as president reagan saw the change in the mood of the soviet leadership with mikhail gorbachev 183 months after his berlin wall speech gorbachev 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