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the movement and the moncada barracks attack 1952 1953 2 2 imprisonment and 26 july movement 1953 1955 2 3 guerrilla war 1956 1959 3 provisional government toggle provisional government subsection 3 1 consolidating leadership 1959 3 2 diplomatic and political shifts 1960 3 3 bay of pigs invasion and socialist cuba 1961 1962 3 4 cuban missile crisis and furthering socialism 1962 1968 3 5 grey years and third world politics 1969 1974 4 constitutional government toggle constitutional government subsection 4 1 institutionalization and interventions 1976 1979 4 2 reagan and gorbachev 1980 1991 4 3 special period 1992 2000 4 4 battle of ideas 2000 2006 5 final years toggle final years subsection 5 1 stepping down 2006 2008 5 2 retirement 2008 2016 5 3 death 6 official international visits toggle official international visits subsection 6 1 as prime minister 6 2 as president 6 2 1 1977 1981 6 2 2 1982 1986 6 2 3 1987 1991 6 2 4 1992 1996 6 2 5 1997 2001 6 2 6 2002 2006 7 ideology 8 personal life toggle personal life subsection 8 1 religious beliefs 8 2 wealth 8 3 marital history 9 reception and legacy 10 see also 11 notes 12 references toggle references subsection 12 1 citations 12 2 cited works 13 further reading 14 external links toggle the table of contents fidel castro 156 languages аԥсшәа afrikaans አማርኛ aragonés ænglisc العربية مصرى অসমীয়া asturianu aymar aru azərbaycanca تۆرکجه башҡортса boarisch žemaitėška bikol central беларуская тарашкевіца беларуская български বাংলা brezhoneg bosanski català cebuano کوردی čeština чӑвашла cymraeg dansk deutsch zazaki dolnoserbski ދިވެހިބަސް ελληνικά esperanto español eesti euskara فارسی suomi võro na vosa vakaviti føroyskt français furlan frysk gaeilge gàidhlig galego गोंयची कोंकणी gõychi konknni ગુજરાતી gaelg עברית हिन्दी hrvatski hornjoserbsce kreyòl ayisyen magyar հայերեն bahasa indonesia ilokano ido íslenska italiano 日本語 jawa ქართული қазақша ಕನ್ನಡ 한국어 کٲشُر kurdî кыргызча latina ladino lëtzebuergesch limburgs lombard lingála ລາວ lietuvių latviešu madhurâ मैथिली malagasy македонски മലയാളം монгол मराठी bahasa melayu malti mirandés မြန်မာဘာသာ مازِرونی नेपाली नेपाल भाषा nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål occitan ирон ਪੰਜਾਬੀ papiamentu polski piemontèis پنجابی nawat پښتو português runa simi română русский संस्कृतम् ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ sardu sicilianu scots srpskohrvatski српскохрватски සිංහල simple english slovenčina slovenščina soomaaliga shqip српски srpski seeltersk sunda svenska kiswahili ślůnski தமிழ் తెలుగు тоҷикӣ ไทย tagalog tolışi toki pona türkçe татарча tatarça українська اردو oʻzbekcha ўзбекча vèneto tiếng việt volapük walon winaray 吴语 მარგალური ייִדיש yorùbá zeêuws 文言 閩南語 bân lâm gí 粵語 中文 edit links article talk english read view source view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read view source view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikinews wikiquote wikisource wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia leader of cuba from 1959 to 2016 for other uses see fidel castro disambiguation this article may be too long to read and navigate comfortably when this tag was added its readable prose size was 15 600 words consider splitting content into sub articles condensing it or adding subheadings please discuss this issue on the article s talk page july 2025 el comandante fidel castro castro in 1979 first secretary of the central committee of the communist party of cuba in office 3 october 1965 19 april 2011 deputy raúl castro preceded by blas roca calderio succeeded by raúl castro president of the council of state of cuba in office 2 december 1976 24 february 2008 a vice president raúl castro preceded by osvaldo dorticós torrado succeeded by raúl castro president of the council of ministers of cuba in office 2 december 1976 24 february 2008 a vice president raúl castro preceded by himself as prime minister succeeded by raúl castro prime minister of cuba in office 16 february 1959 2 december 1976 president manuel urrutia lleó osvaldo dorticós torrado preceded by josé miró cardona succeeded by himself as president of the council of ministers secretary general of the non aligned movement in office 16 september 2006 24 february 2008 preceded by abdullah ahmad badawi succeeded by raúl castro in office 10 september 1979 6 march 1983 preceded by j r jayewardene succeeded by neelam sanjiva reddy personal details born fidel alejandro castro ruz 1926 08 13 13 august 1926 birán oriente cuba died 25 november 2016 2016 11 25 aged 90 havana cuba resting place santa ifigenia cemetery santiago de cuba party pcc from 1965 other political affiliations ppc o 1947 1952 m 26 7 1955 1962 pursc 1962 1965 spouses mirta díaz balart m 1948 div 1955 dalia soto del valle m 1980 domestic partner natalia revuelta clews 1955 1959 children 9 including fidelito and alina parent ángel castro y argiz father relatives 5 brothers including raúl and ramón 7 sisters including juanita mariela castro niece and alejandro castro espín nephew education university of havana occupation revolutionary politician awards full list signature nicknames bola de churre el caballo el comandante el guajiro el loco fifo pistolita barbatruco el coma andante military service allegiance republic of cuba branch service revolutionary armed forces years of service 1953 2016 rank comandante unit 26th of july movement battles wars cuban revolution escambray rebellion bay of pigs invasion cuban missile crisis machurucuto incident angolan civil war ogaden war us invasion of grenada fidel alejandro castro ruz b c 13 august 1926 25 november 2016 was a cuban communist revolutionary and politician who was the leader of cuba from 1959 to 2011 he served as prime minister from 1959 to 1976 president from 1976 to 2008 and first secretary of the communist party of cuba from 1965 until 2011 ideologically a marxist leninist and cuban nationalist under his administration cuba became a one party communist state industry and business were nationalized and socialist reforms were implemented throughout society born in birán the son of a wealthy spanish farmer castro adopted leftist and anti imperialist ideas while studying law at the university of havana after participating in rebellions against right wing governments in the dominican republic and colombia he planned the overthrow of cuban president fulgencio batista launching a failed attack on the moncada barracks in 1953 after a year s imprisonment castro travelled to mexico where he formed a revolutionary group the 26th of july movement with his brother raúl castro and ernesto che guevara returning to cuba castro took a key role in the cuban revolution by leading the movement in a guerrilla war against batista s forces from the sierra maestra after batista s overthrow in 1959 castro assumed military and political power as cuba s prime minister the united states came to oppose castro s government and unsuccessfully attempted to remove him by assassination economic embargo and counter revolution including the bay of pigs invasion of 1961 countering these threats castro aligned with the soviet union and allowed the soviets to place nuclear weapons in cuba resulting in the cuban missile crisis a defining incident of the cold war in 1962 adopting a marxist leninist model of development castro converted cuba into a one party socialist state under communist party rule the first in the western hemisphere policies introducing central economic planning and expanding healthcare and education were accompanied by state control of the press and the suppression of internal dissent abroad castro supported anti imperialist revolutionary groups backing the establishment of marxist governments in chile nicaragua and grenada as well as sending troops to aid allies in the yom kippur ogaden and angolan civil wars these actions coupled with castro s leadership of the non aligned movement from 1979 to 1983 and cuban medical internationalism increased cuba s profile on the world stage following the dissolution of the soviet union in 1991 castro led cuba through the economic downturn of the special period embracing environmentalist and anti globalization ideas in the 2000s castro forged alliances in the latin american pink tide namely with hugo chávez s venezuela and formed the bolivarian alliance for the americas in 2006 castro transferred his responsibilities to vice president raúl castro who was elected to the presidency by the national assembly in 2008 castro died at the age of 90 from natural causes in november 2016 castro was the longest serving non royal head of state in the 20th and 21st centuries and polarized world opinion about his rule his supporters view him as a champion of socialism and anti imperialism whose revolutionary government advanced economic and social justice while securing cuba s independence from american hegemony his critics view him as a dictator whose administration oversaw human rights abuses the exodus of many cubans and the impoverishment of the country s economy early life and career main article early life of fidel castro youth 1926 1947 fidel s parents ángel castro y argiz and lina ruz gonzález castro second from left at colegio de belén havana 1943 fidel alejandro castro ruz was born out of wedlock at his father s farm on 13 august 1926 2 his father ángel castro y argiz was a migrant to cuba from galicia northwest spain 3 after the collapse of his first marriage he took his household servant lina ruz gonzález of canarian ancestry as his mistress and later second wife together they had seven children among them fidel 4 at age six castro was sent to live with his teacher in santiago de cuba 5 before being baptized into the catholic church at the age of eight 6 his baptism allowed castro to attend the la salle boarding school in santiago and was later sent to the jesuit run dolores school in santiago 7 in 1942 castro transferred to the jesuit run el colegio de belén in havana 8 in 1945 castro began studying law at the university of havana 9 where he became embroiled in student activism 10 and the violent gangsterismo culture within the university 11 after becoming passionate about anti imperialism and opposing us intervention in the caribbean 12 he unsuccessfully campaigned for the presidency of the federation of university students 13 castro became critical of the corruption and violence of president ramón grau s government delivering a public speech on the subject in november 1946 that received coverage on the front page of several newspapers 14 in 1947 castro joined the party of the cuban people partido ortodoxo founded by eduardo chibás though chibás came third in the 1948 general election castro remained committed to working on his behalf 15 student violence escalated when grau employed gang leaders as police officers and castro received a death threat urging him to leave the university but he refused and began to carry a gun and surround himself with armed friends 16 anti castro dissidents accused him of committing gang related assassinations at the time but these accusations remain unproven 17 rebellion and marxism 1947 1950 this article is part of a series about fidel castro personal early life fidelismo religious views dairy death and state funeral my life a spoken autobiography cuban revolution attack on the moncada barracks history will absolve me 26th of july movement landing of the granma triumph of the revolution provisional government consolidation of the cuban revolution proclamation against discrimination revolution first elections later agrarian reforms huber matos affair cia assassination attempts p m affair bay of pigs invasion escalante affair cuban missile crisis revolutionary offensive state visit to chile constitutional government rectification process intervention in angola presidential duties transfer legacy awards and honours eponyms cuban dissident movement justin trudeau conspiracy theory v t e i joined the people i grabbed a rifle in a police station that collapsed when it was rushed by a crowd i witnessed the spectacle of a totally spontaneous revolution t hat experience led me to identify myself even more with the cause of the people my still incipient marxist ideas had nothing to do with our conduct it was a spontaneous reaction on our part as young people with martí an anti imperialist anti colonialist and pro democratic ideas fidel castro on the bogotazo 2009 18 in june 1947 castro joined a planned expedition to overthrow the government of rafael trujillo in the dominican republic 19 20 the military force intended to sail from cuba in july 1947 but grau s government stopped the invasion under us pressure and castro evaded arrest 21 returning to havana castro took a leading role in student protests against the killing of a high school pupil by government bodyguards 22 the protests and subsequent crackdown on suspected communists led to violent clashes between activists and police in february 1948 in which castro was badly beaten his subsequent public speeches took a leftist slant condemning social and economic inequality in cuba 23 in april 1948 castro travelled to bogotá colombia leading a cuban student group sponsored by president juan perón s argentine government there the assassination of leftist leader jorge eliécer gaitán ayala led to rioting and clashes between the governing conservatives backed by the army and leftist liberals 24 castro joined the liberal cause by stealing guns from a police station subsequent police investigations concluded that he had not been involved in killings 24 in april 1948 the organization of american states was founded at a summit in bogotá leading to protests which castro joined 25 marxism taught me what society was i was like a blindfolded man in a forest who doesn t even know where north or south is if you don t eventually come to truly understand the history of the class struggle or at least have a clear idea that society is divided between the rich and the poor and that some people subjugate and exploit other people you re lost in a forest not knowing anything fidel castro on discovering marxism 2009 26 returning to cuba castro became a prominent figure in protests against government attempts to raise bus fares 27 he married mirta díaz balart through whom he was exposed to the lifestyle of the cuban elite 28 the subsequent election was won by partido auténtico s new candidate carlos prío socarrás 29 castro had moved further to the left and interpreted cuba s problems as an integral part of capitalist society or the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie rather than the failings of corrupt politicians and adopted the marxist view that meaningful political change could only be brought about by proletariat revolution visiting havana s poorest neighbourhoods he became active in the student an...
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