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shallow waters of the seychelles bank and are collectively referred to as the inner islands they have a total area of 244 km 2 94 sq mi accounting for 54 of the total land area of the seychelles and 98 of the entire population the islands have been divided into groups there are 42 granitic islands known as the granitic seychelles these are in descending order of size mahé praslin silhouette la digue curieuse félicité frégate ste anne north cerf marianne grande sœur thérèse aride conception petite sœur cousin cousine long récif round praslin anonyme mamelles moyenne ile aux vaches marines l islette beacon ile sèche cachée cocos round mahé l ilot frégate booby chauve souris mahé chauve souris praslin ile la fouche hodoul l ilot rat souris st pierre praslin zavé harrison rocks grand rocher beach of anse source d argent on the island of la digue there are two coral sand cays north of the granitics on the edge of the seychelles bank denis and bird there are two coral islands south of the granitic coëtivy and platte beach of anse lazio on the island of praslin there are 29 coral islands in the amirantes group west of the granitic desroches poivre atoll comprising three islands poivre florentin and south island alphonse d arros st joseph atoll comprising 14 islands st joseph île aux fouquets resource petit carcassaye grand carcassaye benjamin bancs ferrari chiens pélicans vars île paul banc de sable banc aux cocos and île aux poules marie louise desnœufs african banks comprising two islands african banks and south island rémire st françois boudeuse étoile bijoutier there are 13 coral islands in the farquhar group south southwest of the amirantes farquhar atoll comprising 10 islands bancs de sable déposés île aux goëlettes lapins île du milieu north manaha south manaha middle manaha north island and south island providence atoll comprising two islands providence and bancs providence and st pierre beach on mahé island there are 67 raised coral islands in the aldabra group west of the farquhar group aldabra atoll comprising 46 islands grande terre picard polymnie malabar île michel île esprit île aux moustiques ilot parc ilot émile ilot yangue ilot magnan île lanier champignon des os euphrate grand mentor grand ilot gros ilot gionnet gros ilot sésame héron rock hide island île aux aigrettes île aux cèdres îles chalands île fangame île héron île michel île squacco île sylvestre île verte ilot déder ilot du sud ilot du milieu ilot du nord ilot dubois ilot macoa ilot marquoix ilots niçois ilot salade middle row island noddy rock north row island petit mentor petit mentor endans petits ilots pink rock and table ronde assumption island astove and cosmoledo atoll comprising 19 islands menai île du nord west north île nord est east north île du trou goélettes grand polyte petit polyte grand île wizard pagode île du sud ouest south île aux moustiques île baleine île aux chauve souris île aux macaques île aux rats île du nord ouest île observation île sud est and ilot la croix in addition to these 155 islands as per the constitution of seychelles there are 7 reclaimed islands ile perseverance ile aurore romainville eden island eve ile du port and ile soleil south island african banks has been eroded by the sea at st joseph atoll banc de sable and pelican island have also eroded while grand carcassaye and petit carcassaye have merged to form one island there are also several unnamed islands at aldabra st joseph atoll and cosmoledo pti astove though named failed to make it into the constitution for unknown reasons bancs providence is not a single island but a dynamic group of islands comprising four large and about six very small islets in 2016 climate edit the climate is very humid as the islands are small 66 and is classified by the köppen geiger system as a tropical rain forest af the temperature varies little throughout the year temperatures on mahé vary from 24 to 30 c 75 to 86 f and rainfall ranges from 2 900 mm 114 in annually at victoria to 3 600 mm 142 in on the mountain slopes precipitation levels are somewhat less on the other islands 67 during the coolest months july and august the average low is about 24 c 75 f the southeast trade winds blow regularly from may to november and this is the most pleasant time of the year the hot months are from december to april with higher humidity 80 march and april are the hottest months but the temperature seldom exceeds 31 c 88 f most of the islands lie outside the cyclone belt so high winds are rare 67 climate data for victoria seychelles international airport month jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec year mean daily maximum c f 29 8 85 6 30 4 86 7 31 0 87 8 31 4 88 5 30 5 86 9 29 1 84 4 28 3 82 9 28 4 83 1 29 1 84 4 29 6 85 3 30 1 86 2 30 0 86 0 29 8 85 6 daily mean c f 26 8 80 2 27 3 81 1 27 8 82 0 28 0 82 4 27 7 81 9 26 6 79 9 25 8 78 4 25 9 78 6 26 4 79 5 26 7 80 1 26 8 80 2 26 7 80 1 26 9 80 4 mean daily minimum c f 24 1 75 4 24 6 76 3 24 8 76 6 25 0 77 0 25 4 77 7 24 6 76 3 23 9 75 0 23 9 75 0 24 2 75 6 24 3 75 7 24 0 75 2 23 9 75 0 24 4 75 9 average precipitation mm inches 379 14 9 262 10 3 167 6 6 177 7 0 124 4 9 63 2 5 80 3 1 97 3 8 121 4 8 206 8 1 215 8 5 281 11 1 2 172 85 6 average precipitation days 1 0 mm 17 11 11 14 11 10 10 10 11 12 14 18 149 average relative humidity 82 80 79 80 79 79 80 79 78 79 80 82 79 8 mean monthly sunshine hours 153 3 175 5 210 5 227 8 252 8 232 0 230 5 230 7 227 7 220 7 195 7 170 5 2 527 7 source 1 world meteorological organization 68 source 2 national oceanic and atmospheric administration 69 wildlife edit main article wildlife of seychelles left seychelles paradise flycatcher right bird flocks on bird island seychelles an aldabra giant tortoise seychelles is among the world s leading countries to protect lands for threatened species allocating 42 of its territory for conservation 70 like many fragile island ecosystems seychelles saw the loss of biodiversity when humans first settled in the area including the disappearance of most of the giant tortoises from the granitic islands the felling of coastal and mid level forests and the extinction of species such as the chestnut flanked white eye the seychelles parakeet and the saltwater crocodile however extinctions were far fewer than on islands such as mauritius or hawaii partly due to a shorter period of human occupation seychelles today is known for success stories in protecting its flora and fauna the rare seychelles black parrot the national bird of the country is now protected the freshwater crab genus seychellum is endemic to the granitic seychelles and a further 26 species of crabs and five species of hermit crabs live on the islands 71 from the year 1500 until the mid 1800s approximately the then previously unknown aldabra giant tortoise was killed for food by pirates and sailors driving their numbers to near extinction levels today a healthy yet fragile population of 150 000 tortoises live solely on the atoll of aldabra declared a unesco world heritage site 72 73 additionally these ancient reptiles can further be found in numerous zoos botanical gardens and private collections internationally their protection from poaching and smuggling is overseen by cites whilst captive breeding has greatly reduced the negative impact on the remaining wild populations the granitic islands of seychelles supports three extant species of seychelles giant tortoise seychelles hosts some of the largest seabird colonies in the world notably on the outer islands of aldabra and cosmoledo in granitic seychelles the largest colonies are on aride island including the world s largest numbers of two species the sooty tern also breeds on the islands other common birds include cattle egret bubulcus ibis and the fairy tern gygis alba 74 more than 1 000 species of fish have been recorded citation needed the granitic islands of seychelles are home to roughly 268 flowering plant species of which 70 28 are endemic 75 76 particularly well known is the coco de mer a species of palm that grows only on the islands of praslin and neighbouring curieuse sometimes nicknamed the love nut the shape of its double coconut resembles buttocks the coco de mer produces the world s heaviest seed the jellyfish tree is to be found in only a few locations on mahé this strange and ancient plant in a genus of its own medusagyne seems to reproduce only in cultivation and not in the wild other unique plant species include wright s gardenia rothmannia annae found only on aride island s special reserve there are 6 potentially endemic species of orchid living on the islands 77 seychelles is home to two terrestrial ecoregions granitic seychelles forests and aldabra island xeric scrub 78 the country had a 2019 forest landscape integrity index mean score of 10 10 ranking it first globally out of 172 countries 79 environmental issues edit since the use of spearguns and dynamite for fishing was banned through efforts of local conservationists in the 1960s the wildlife is unafraid of snorkelers and divers coral bleaching in 1998 has damaged most reefs but some reefs show healthy recovery such as silhouette island seychelles claims to have achieved nearly all of its millennium development goals with 7 out of 8 goals having been achieved 80 environmental protection has been emphasized by the government 81 the government s seychelles climate guide describes the nation s climate as rainy with a dry season with an ocean economy in the ocean regions the southeast trades is on the decline but still fairly strong 82 reportedly weather patterns there are becoming less predictable 83 demographics edit main article demographics of seychelles see also indo seychellois sino seychellois seychellois creole people seychellois creole and franco seychellois victoria capital and largest city of seychelles when the british gained control of the islands during the napoleonic wars they allowed the french upper class to retain their land both the french and british settlers used enslaved africans and although the british prohibited slavery in 1835 african workers continued to come the gran blan big whites of french origin dominated economic and political life the british administration employed indians on indentured servitude to the same degree as in mauritius resulting in a small indian population the indians like a similar minority of chinese were generally in the merchant class 84 today seychelles is described as a fusion of peoples and cultures numerous seychellois are considered multiracial blending from african asian and european descent to create a modern creole culture evidence of this blend is also revealed in seychellois food incorporating various aspects of french chinese indian and african cuisine 85 as the islands of seychelles had no indigenous population the current seychellois descend from people who immigrated of which the largest ethnic groups were those of african french indian and chinese origin the median age of the seychellois is 34 years 86 languages edit french and english are official languages along with seychellois creole which is a french based creole language related to those spoken in mauritius and réunion seychellois creole is the most widely spoken native language and de facto the national language of the country seychellois creole is often spoken with english words and phrases mixed in 87 about 91 of the population are native speakers of seychellois creole 5 1 of english and 0 7 of french 87 most business and official meetings are conducted in english and nearly all official websites are in english national assembly business is conducted in creole but laws are passed and published in english tamil is also a prominent language in seychelles spoken primarily by the indo seychellois community who form a significant part of the country s multilingual society 88 religion edit main articles religion in seychelles catholic church in seychelles hinduism in seychelles and islam in seychelles st francis of assisi church baie lazare mahé island arulmigu navashakti vinayakar temple in victoria according to the 2022 census most seychellois are christians 61 3 were catholic pastorally served by the exempt diocese of port victoria 5 0 were anglican and 8 6 follows other sects of christianity 3 89 hinduism is the second largest religion adhered to by more than 5 4 of the population 3 86 hinduism is followed mainly by the indo seychellois community 90 islam is followed by another 1 6 of the population other faiths accounted for 1 1 of the population while a further 5 9 were non religious or did not specify a religion 86 economy edit main article economy of seychelles the sailfish at mahé beach colourful skirts at a seychelles market during the plantation era cinnamon vanilla and copra were the chief exports in 1965 during a three month visit to the islands futurist donald prell prepared for the crown colony s governor general an economic report containing a scenario for the future of the economy quoting from his report in the 1960s about 33 of the working population worked at plantations and 20 worked in the public or government sector 91 92 the indian ocean tracking station on mahé used by the united states air force satellite control network was closed in august 1996 after the seychelles government attempted to raise the rent to more than 10 000 000 per year since independence in 1976 per capita output has expanded to roughly seven times the old near subsistence level 93 growth has been led by the tourist sector which employs about 30 of the labour force 94 compared to agriculture which today employs about 3 of the labour force despite the growth of tourism farming and fishing continue to employ some people as do industries that process coconuts and vanilla citation needed 95 as of 2013 update the main export products are processed fish 60 and non fillet frozen fish 22 96 the prime agricultural products currently produced in seychelles include sweet potatoes vanilla coconuts and cinnamon these products provide much of the economic support of the locals frozen and canned fish copra cinnamon and vanilla are the main export commodities the seychelles government has prioritised a curbing of the budget deficit including the containment of social welfare costs and further privatisation of public enterprises the government has a pervasive presence in economic activity with public enterprises active in petroleum product distribution banking imports of basic products telecommunications and a wide range of other businesses according to the 2013 index of economic freedom which measures the degree of limited government market openness regulatory efficiency rule of law and other factors economic freedom has been increasing each year since 2010 97 unreliable source the national currency of seychelles is the seychellois rupee initially tied to a basket of international currencies it was unpegged and allowed to be devalued and float freely in 2008 on the 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