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fierce fighting desperate fighting also broke out along the operation s northern axis where golani brigade attacked thirteen syrian positions including the formidable tel fakhr position navigational errors placed the israelis directly under the syrians guns in the fighting that followed both sides took heavy casualties with the israelis losing all nineteen of their tanks and half tracks 175 the israeli battalion commander then ordered his twenty five remaining men to dismount divide into two groups and charge the northern and southern flanks of tel fakhr the first israelis to reach the perimeter of the southern approach laid on the barbed wire allowing their comrades to vault over them from there they assaulted the fortified syrian positions the fighting was waged at extremely close quarters often hand to hand 175 on the northern flank the israelis broke through within minutes and cleared out the trenches and bunkers during the seven hour battle the israelis lost 31 dead and 82 wounded while the syrians lost 62 dead and 20 captured among the dead was the israeli battalion commander the golani brigade s 51st battalion took tel azzaziat and darbashiya also fell to israeli forces 175 a universal newsreel from 9 june about the war and un reactions by the evening of 9 june the four israeli brigades had all broken through to the plateau where they could be reinforced and replaced thousands of reinforcements began reaching the front those tanks and half tracks that had survived the previous day s fighting were refuelled and replenished with ammunition and the wounded were evacuated by dawn the israelis had eight brigades in the sector citation needed syria s first line of defense had been shattered but the defenses beyond that remained largely intact mount hermon and the banias in the north and the entire sector between tawfiq and customs house road in the south remained in syrian hands in a meeting early on the night of 9 june syrian leaders decided to reinforce those positions as quickly as possible and to maintain a steady barrage on israeli civilian settlements citation needed israeli attack second day 10 june throughout the night the israelis continued their advance though it was slowed by fierce resistance an anticipated syrian counterattack never materialized at the fortified village of jalabina a garrison of syrian reservists levelling their anti aircraft guns held off the israeli 65th paratroop battalion for four hours before a small detachment managed to penetrate the village and knock out the heavy guns citation needed meanwhile the 8th brigade s tanks moved south from qala advancing 6 miles 9 7 km to wasit under heavy artillery and tank bombardment at the banias in the north syrian mortar batteries opened fire on advancing israeli forces only after golani brigade sappers had cleared a path through a minefield killing 16 israeli soldiers and wounding four citation needed on the next day 10 june the central and northern groups joined in a pincer movement on the plateau but that fell mainly on empty territory as the syrian forces retreated at 8 30 a m the syrians began blowing up their own bunkers burning documents and retreating several units joined by elad peled s troops climbed to the golan from the south only to find the positions mostly empty when the 8th brigade reached mansura 5 miles 8 0 km from wasit the israelis met no opposition and found abandoned equipment including tanks in perfect working condition in the fortified banias village golani brigade troops found only several syrian soldiers chained to their positions 176 during the day the israeli units stopped after obtaining manoeuvre room between their positions and a line of volcanic hills to the west in some locations israeli troops advanced after an agreed upon ceasefire 177 to occupy strategically strong positions 178 to the east the ground terrain is an open gently sloping plain this position later became the ceasefire line known as the purple line time magazine reported in an effort to pressure the united nations into enforcing a ceasefire damascus radio undercut its own army by broadcasting the fall of the city of quneitra three hours before it actually capitulated that premature report of the surrender of their headquarters destroyed the morale of the syrian troops left in the golan area 179 conclusion main articles israeli military governorate and israeli occupation of the west bank a week ago the fateful campaign began the existence of the state of israel hung in the balance the hopes of generations and the vision that was realised in our own time during the fighting our forces destroyed about 450 enemy planes and hundreds of tanks the enemy forces were decisively defeated in battles many fled for their lives or were captured for the first time since the establishment of the state the threat to our security has been removed at once from the sinai peninsula the gaza strip jerusalem the west bank and the northern border levi eshkol 12 june 1967 address to israeli parliament 180 a universal newsreel from 13 june about the war by 10 june israel had completed its final offensive in the golan heights and a ceasefire was signed the next day israel had seized the gaza strip the sinai peninsula the west bank of the jordan river including east jerusalem and the golan heights 181 about a million arabs were placed under israel s direct control in the newly captured territories israel s strategic depth grew by at least 300 kilometers in the south 60 kilometers in the east and 20 kilometers of extremely rugged terrain in the north a security asset that proved useful in the yom kippur war six years later speaking three weeks after the war ended as he accepted an honorary degree from hebrew university yitzhak rabin gave his reasoning behind the success of israel our airmen who struck the enemies planes so accurately that no one in the world understands how it was done and people seek technological explanations or secret weapons our armoured troops who beat the enemy even when their equipment was inferior to his our soldiers in all other branches who overcame our enemies everywhere despite the latter s superior numbers and fortifications all these revealed not only coolness and courage in the battle but an understanding that only their personal stand against the greatest dangers would achieve victory for their country and for their families and that if victory was not theirs the alternative was annihilation 182 in recognition of contributions rabin was given the honor of naming the war for the israelis from the suggestions proposed including the war of daring war of salvation and war of the sons of light he chose the least ostentatious the six day war evoking the days of creation 183 dayan s final report on the war to the israeli general staff listed several shortcomings in israel s actions including misinterpretation of nasser s intentions overdependence on the united states and reluctance to act when egypt closed the straits he also credited several factors for israel s success egypt did not appreciate the advantage of striking first and their adversaries did not accurately gauge israel s strength and its willingness to use it 183 in egypt according to heikal nasser had admitted his responsibility for the military defeat in june 1967 184 according to historian abd al azim ramadan nasser s mistaken decisions to expel the international peacekeeping force from the sinai peninsula and close the straits of tiran in 1967 led to a state of war with israel despite egypt s lack of military preparedness 185 after the 1973 yom kippur war egypt reviewed the causes of its loss of the 1967 war issues that were identified included the individualistic bureaucratic leadership promotions on the basis of loyalty not expertise and the army s fear of telling nasser the truth lack of intelligence and better israeli weapons command organization and will to fight 183 casualties and losses see also israeli casualties of war between 776 19 and 983 israelis were killed and 4 517 were wounded fifteen israeli soldiers were captured arab casualties were far greater between 9 800 25 and 15 000 26 egyptian soldiers were listed as killed or missing in action an additional 4 338 egyptian soldiers were captured 27 jordanian losses are estimated to be 700 killed in action with another 2 500 wounded 18 31 the syrians were estimated to have sustained between 1 000 186 and 2 500 28 30 killed in action between 367 27 and 591 29 syrians were captured casualties were also suffered by unef the united nations emergency force that was stationed on the egyptian side of the border in three different episodes israeli forces attacked a unef convoy camps in which unef personnel were concentrated and the unef headquarters in gaza 39 resulting in one brazilian peacekeeper and 14 indian officials killed by israeli forces with an additional seventeen peacekeepers wounded in both contingents 39 regarding material losses 46 israeli aircraft and 400 tanks were destroyed 22 20 egyptian losses were reported at 700 tanks according to president nasser 187 although israeli officials claimed to have destroyed 509 egyptian tanks 188 egyptian aircraft losses range from 282 to 350 36 syria lost close to 60 aircraft jordanian losses accounted to 21 including 17 military aircraft 1 helicopter and 3 passenger aircraft 189 iraq lost 9 aircraft 190 lebanon lost one 5 controversies main article controversies relating to the six day war preemptive war or war of aggression further information preemptive war when hostilities began egypt and israel both announced that they had been attacked by the other 105 the israeli government later abandoned its initial position acknowledging israel had struck first and calling the attack a preemptive move to prevent an anticipated invasion by egypt 105 48 the arab view was that it was unjustified to attack egypt 191 192 many scholars consider the war a case of preventative war as a form of self defense 193 194 others have assessed it as a war of aggression 195 allegations of atrocities committed against egyptian soldiers it has been alleged that nasser did not want egypt to learn of the true extent of his defeat and so ordered the killing of egyptian army stragglers making their way back to the suez canal zone 196 both israeli and egyptian sources have also alleged that israeli troops killed unarmed egyptian prisoners 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 allegations of military support from the us uk and soviet union it has been alleged that the us and the uk gave israel direct military support during the war including the supply of equipment despite an embargo and the participation of us forces in the conflict 206 207 208 209 210 many of these allegations and conspiracy theories 211 have been disputed and it has been claimed that some were given currency in the arab world to explain the arab defeat 212 it has also been claimed that the soviet union in support of its arab allies used its naval strength in the mediterranean as a major restraint on the us navy 213 214 the us features prominently in arab conspiracy theories purporting to explain the june 1967 defeat mohamed hassanein heikal a confidant of nasser claims that president lyndon b johnson was obsessed with nasser and conspired with israel to bring him down 215 the reported israeli troop movements seemed all the more threatening because they were perceived in the context of a us conspiracy against egypt salah bassiouny of the foreign ministry claims it saw the reported israeli troop movements as credible because israel had reached the level at which it could find strategic alliance with the united states 216 during the war cairo announced that american and british planes were participating in the israeli attack nasser broke off diplomatic relations following this allegation nasser s image of the united states was such that he might well have believed the worst anwar sadat implied that nasser used this deliberate conspiracy in order to accuse the united states as a political cover up for domestic consumption 217 lutfi abd al qadir the director of radio cairo during the late 1960s who accompanied nasser to his visits in moscow theorized that both the soviets and the western powers wanted to topple nasser or to reduce his influence 218 uss liberty incident main article uss liberty incident on 8 june 1967 israeli jets and torpedo boats attacked the uss liberty a united states navy electronic intelligence vessel sailing 13 nautical miles 24 km off arish just outside egypt s territorial waters nearly sinking the ship killing 34 sailors and wounding 171 israel said it had misidentified the ship as the egyptian vessel el quseir apologized for the mistake and paid compensation to the victims or their families and to the us for damage to the ship after an investigation the us accepted israel s explanation and the issue was closed by the exchange of diplomatic notes in 1987 others including united states secretary of state dean rusk and chief of naval operations admiral thomas moorer some survivors of the attack and intelligence officials familiar with transcripts of intercepted signals on the day have rejected these conclusions as unsatisfactory and maintain that the attack was made in the knowledge that the ship was american 219 220 221 aftermath israel and the territories israel occupied in the six day war the six day war s political importance was immense israel demonstrated again that it was able and willing to initiate strategic strikes that could change the regional balance egypt and syria learned tactical lessons and launched an attack in 1973 in an attempt to reclaim their lost territories 222 223 after following other arab nations in declaring war mauritania remained in a declared state of war with israel until about 1999 224 the us imposed an embargo on new arms agreements to all middle east countries including israel that remained in force until the end of 1967 despite urgent israeli requests to lift it 225 exodus of arabs from israeli occupied territories main article naksa populations in the occupied territories were extensively displaced of about one million palestinians in the west bank and gaza 280 000 to 325 000 were displaced from their homes 51 most of them settled in jordan 226 the other 700 000 227 remained in the golan heights over 100 000 fled 52 israel allowed only the inhabitants of east jerusalem and the golan heights to receive full israeli citizenship applying its law administration and jurisdiction to these territories in 1967 and 1981 respectively the vast majority of the populations in both territories declined to take citizenship in his 1999 book righteous victims israeli new historian benny morris writes in three villages southwest of jerusalem and at qalqilya houses were destroyed not in battle but as punishment and in order to chase away the inhabitants contrary to government policy dayan wrote in his mem...
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