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the (174), ahom (75), #script (69), and (55), tai (53), ipa (48), scripts (33), braille (30), language (20), that (20), burmese (17), edit (17), old (16), was (14), with (14), from (14), unicode (14), century (14), other (13), writing (12), used (12), languages (11), assamese (11), lik (11), this (10), for (10), shan (10), systems (9), alphabet (9), chinese (9), consonant (9), assam (8), shorthand (8), code (7), wikipedia (7), brahmic (7), new (7), people (7), thai (7), brahmi (7), history (7), daniels (7), 2012 (7), use (6), vowels (6), family (6), south (6), numerals (6), proto (6), mon (6), morey (6), university (6), press (6), linguistics (6), oxford (6), between (6), 14th (6), late (6), 16th (6), consonants (6), write (6), vowel (6), medial (6), tākri (6), may (5), page (5), kingdom (5), tamil (5), northern (5), english (5), linear (5), characters (5), 1407 (5), asian (5), southeast (5), manuscripts (5), encyclopedia (5), into (5), inscription (5), letters (5), origin (5), 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Text of the page (random words):
m lexicons based on original tai manuscripts and published by department of historical and antiquarian studies government of assam 12 samples of writing in the ahom script buranji s remain stored in assamese collections the manuscripts were reportedly traditionally produced on paper prepared from agarwood locally known as sachi bark 7 assamese replaced ahom during the 17th century 13 the ahom script is no longer used by the ahom people to read and write in everyday life however it retains cultural significance and is used for religious ceremonies chants and to read literature 5 ahom s literary tradition provides a window into the past of ahom s culture 14 a printed form of the font was developed in 1920 to be used in the first ahom assamese english dictionary 7 the ahom script an ahom manuscript preserved in the department of historical and antiquarian studies pan bazaar guwahati coin of ahom king sunyatphaa in ahom script letters edit like most abugidas each letter has an inherent vowel of a 15 other vowels are indicated by using diacritics which can appear above below to the left or to the right of the consonant the script does not however indicate tones used in the language 7 the ahom script is further complicated as it contains inconsistencies a consonant may be written once in a word but pronounced twice common words may be shortened and consecutive words with the same initial consonant may be contracted 7 consonants edit ahom consonants 𑜀 ka ipa ka 𑜁 kha ipa kʰa 𑜕 𑜖 ga ipa ɡa note 1 𑜗 gha ipa ɡʱa 𑜂 nga ipa ŋa ca ipa ca 𑜋 cha ipa cʰa 𑜊 ja ipa ɟa 𑜙 jha ipa ɟʱa 𑜐 nya ipa ɲa ṭa ipa ʈa ṭha ipa ʈʰa ḍa ipa ɖa ḍha ipa ɖʱa ṇa ipa ɳa 𑜄 𑜅 ta ipa ta note 2 𑜌 tha ipa tʰa 𑜓 da ipa da 𑜔 dha ipa dʱa 𑜃 na ipa na 𑜆 pa ipa pa 𑜇 pha ipa pʰa 𑜈 𑜚 ba ipa ba note 3 𑜘 bha ipa bʱa 𑜉 ma ipa ma 𑜍 ra ipa ra 𑜎 la ipa la ḷa ipa ɭa 𑜏 sa ipa sa 𑜑 ha ipa ha 𑜒 a note 4 font variants the second version of this letter is ta and ja conjoined with ta shortened a font variant of ba the second version is used as va in sajjhaya spelling this letter is not an independent vowel but acts as a null consonant that can be combined with a vowel diacritic to write initial vowels the following medial consonant diacritics are used to form consonant clusters with l and r such as kl and kr medial consonants 𑜝 medial la ipa l 𑜞 medial ra ipa r 𑜟 ipa r medial ligating ra vowels edit the following vowel diacritics are added to an initial consonant vowel diacritics 𑜠 a ipa a 𑜡 aa ipa a 𑜢 i ipa i 𑜣 ii ipa i 𑜤 u ipa u 𑜥 uu ipa u 𑜦 e ipa e 𑜩 ai ipa ai 𑜨 o ipa o 𑜧 aw ipa aw 𑜪 am ipa am to write a consonant without a vowel the virama 𑜫 is used 16 punctuation edit the following characters are used for punctuation 16 punctuation separates small sections separates sections marks paragraphs exclamation mark numerals edit the ahom script contains its own set of numerals 16 ahom numerals 0 𑜰 1 𑜱 2 𑜲 3 𑜳 4 𑜴 5 𑜵 6 𑜶 7 𑜷 8 𑜸 9 𑜹 10 20 unicode edit main article ahom unicode block ahom script was added to the unicode standard in june 2015 with the release of version 8 0 the ahom block was expended by 16 code points with unicode 14 0 the unicode block for ahom is u 11700 u 1174f ahom 1 2 official unicode consortium code chart pdf 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f u 1170x 𑜀 𑜁 𑜂 𑜃 𑜄 𑜅 𑜆 𑜇 𑜈 𑜉 𑜊 𑜋 𑜌 𑜍 𑜎 𑜏 u 1171x 𑜐 𑜑 𑜒 𑜓 𑜔 𑜕 𑜖 𑜗 𑜘 𑜙 𑜚 𑜝 𑜞 𑜟 u 1172x 𑜠 𑜡 𑜢 𑜣 𑜤 𑜥 𑜦 𑜧 𑜨 𑜩 𑜪 𑜫 u 1173x 𑜰 𑜱 𑜲 𑜳 𑜴 𑜵 𑜶 𑜷 𑜸 𑜹 u 1174x notes 1 as of unicode version 18 0 2 grey areas indicate non assigned code points see also edit list of writing systems ahom people ahom kingdom all tai ahom students union notes edit 1 2 3 there is a general consensus that the proto shan script that developed into the modern shan and ahom scripts was adapted from the burmese script sometime between the late 14th and the 16th century ferlus 1988 and diller 1992 also argue that lack of orthographic contrasts between original voiced and voiceless consonants suggests that the adaptation took place later than the first half of the 13th century in addition pain 2017 adds the use of digraph ui to represent ɯ in shan and ahom as further evidence for the old burmese origin furthermore daniel s 2012 analysis of the 1407 manuscript discussed above postulates that the adaptation occurred in the 14th century the shapes of 14 letters attested in the text as well as the use of diacritical y r and w points to an old burmese origin gogoi morey pittayaporn 2020 17 18 sealang library ahom lexicography sealang net diringer david 1948 alphabet a key to the history of mankind p 411 1 2 daniels 2012 p 170 171 1 2 3 diller a 1993 tai languages in international encyclopedia of linguistics vol 4 pp 128 131 oxford uk oxford university press 1 2 although tradition suggests that the ahom brought their script with them when they crossed the patkai mountains into assam in the 13th century from mong mao located on the frontier of what is now myanmar and china phukan 2006 it is unknown how old the script actually is the oldest surviving ahom text the snake pillar inscription only dates back to the time of king siuw hum miung who reigned during 1497 1539 hosken and morey 2012 however the resemblance between the ahom script and one of the extant shan scripts known as lik hto ngouk or bean sprout letters points to a common origin cushing 1888 ferlus 1988 diller 1992 wichasin 1986 a recent paper by daniels 2012 refers to a manuscript published in yang bartholemew and wang 2000 this has been identified as a chinese manuscript dated 1407 that includes tai language very similar in form and structure to the tai ahom script suggesting that a script like tai ahom was in use in the mong mao kingdom by the end of the 14th century at the latest gogoi morey pittayaporn 2020 17 18 1 2 3 4 5 terwiel b j wichasin r eds 1992 tai ahoms and the stars three ritual texts to ward off danger ithaca ny southeast asia program hundius harald wharton david 2010 the digital library of lao manuscripts french m a 1994 tai languages in the encyclopedia of language and linguistics vol 4 pp 4520 4521 new york ny pergamon press press court c 1996 introduction in p t daniels w bright eds the world s writing systems pp 443 oxford oxford university press court c 1996 the spread of brahmi script into southeast asia in p t daniels w bright eds the world s writing systems pp 445 449 oxford oxford university press bradley d henderson e j a eds 1988 prosodic analysis and asian linguistics to honour r k sprigg canberra department of linguistics assam columbia encyclopedia 2008 hongladarom k 2005 thai and tai languages in encyclopedia of linguistics vol 2 pp 1098 1101 new york ny fitzroy dearborn hosken martin morey stephen 2012 10 23 n4321r revised proposal to add the ahom script in the smp of the ucs pdf iso iec jtc1 sc2 wg2 1 2 3 morey stephen hosken martin 2012 revised proposal to add the ahom script in the smp of the ucs pdf unicode references edit gogoi poppy morey stephen pittayaporn pittayawat 2020 the tai ahom sound system as reflected by the texts recorded in the bark manuscripts journal of the southeast asian linguistics society 13 2 university of hawaiʻi press 14 42 terwiel b j wichasin r 1992 tai ahoms and the stars three ritual texts to ward off danger ithaca ny seap publications isbn 9780877277095 daniels christian 2012 script without buddhism burmese influence on the tay shan script of mäng2 maaw2 as seen in a chinese scroll painting of 1407 international journal of asian studies external links edit entry on ahom at omniglot com a guide to writing systems pali tripitaka in ahom script by sajjhaya foundation tai āhom tipiṭaka v t e types of writing systems overview history of writing grapheme lists writing systems undeciphered inventors constructed languages by writing system by first written accounts types abjads numerals aramaic hatran arabic elifba egyptian hieroglyphs elymaic hebrew ashuri cursive rashi solitreo tifinagh mandaic manichaean nabataean ancient north arabian paleo hebrew pahlavi book inscriptional inscriptional parthian psalter pegon phoenician pitman shorthand proto sinaitic punic samaritan south arabian zabur musnad sogdian syriac ʾesṭrangēlā serṭā maḏnḥāyā teeline shorthand ugaritic abugidas brahmic northern bengali assamese bhaiksuki brahmi script devanagari dogri gujarati gupta gurmukhi kaithi kalinga khema khojki khudabadi laṇḍā lepcha mahajani marchen meitei modi multani nagari nandinagari nepalese scripts bhujimol golmol himmol kummol kvemmol kurukh pachumol newar ranjana tamyig tirhuta limbu litumol odia karani ʼphags pa sharada siddhaṃ soyombo sylheti nagri takri tibetan uchen umê tocharian zanabazar square southern ahom balinese batak baybayin bhattiprolu buda buhid chakma cham fakkham grantha goykanadi hanunoo javanese kadamba kannada karen kawi khmer khom thai kulitan lanna langdi lao leke lontara bilang bilang makasar malayalam old maldivian dhives akuru eveyla akuru mon burmese pallava pyu saurashtra shan sinhala sukhothai sundanese old sundanese tagbanwa tai le new tai lue tai noi tai tham tai viet lai tay tamil tamil brahmi tanchangya telugu thai tigalari ulu scripts incung lampung lembak ogan pasemah rejang serawai vatteluttu kolezhuthu malayanma others bharati boyd s syllabic shorthand canadian syllabics blackfoot déné syllabics dham fox i geʽez gunjala gondi japanese braille sarati jenticha kharosthi mandombe masaram gondi meroitic miao mwangwego pahawh hmong sorang sompeng tengwar thaana thomas natural shorthand warang citi rma alphabets linear adlam ariyaka armenian avestan pazend avoiuli bassa vah carian caucasian albanian cirth coelbren coorgi cox alphabet coptic cyrillic serbian early deseret duployan shorthand chinook eclectic shorthand elbasan enochian etruscan formosan fox ii franklin s phonetic fraser gabelsberger shorthand gadabuursi garay alphabet georgian asomtavruli nuskhuri mkhedruli veso bey glagolitic gothic gregg shorthand greek archaic greco iberian alphabet hangul hanifi hurûf ı munfasıla sunuwar kaddare kayah li klingon latin beneventan blackletter carolingian minuscule fraktur gaelic insular ipa kurrent merovingian sigla sütterlin tironian notes visigothic luo lycian lydian manchu medefaidrin mru mundari bani n ko ogham ol chiki old italic old permic orkhon yenisei old hungarian old uyghur mongolian evenki galik alphabet manchu oirat vagindra ol onal osage osmanya pau cin hau phrygian pisidian runic anglo saxon cipher dalecarlian elder futhark younger futhark gothic marcomannic medieval staveless shavian sidetic sorang sompeng sunuwar tifinagh todhri tolong siki vellara visible speech vithkuqi wancho warang citi yezidi zaghawa non linear braille flag semaphore maritime flags moon type new york point fingerspelling telegraph code ideograms adinkra aztec blissymbols dongba ersu shaba emoji isotype kaidā miꞌkmaw mixtec new epoch notation painting nsibidi anishinaabewibii iganan olmec siglas poveiras testerian yerkish zapotec logograms chinese family of scripts chinese characters simplified traditional oracle bone script bronze scripts seal script large small bird worm hanja kanji chữ nôm sawndip bowen chinese influenced jurchen khitan large script sui tangut cuneiform akkadian assyrian elamite hittite luwian sumerian other logosyllabic anatolian bagam cretan isthmian maya proto elamite tenevil wiigwaasabak yi classical logoconsonantal demotic hieratic hieroglyphs numerals hindu arabic abjad attic greek muisca roman other sitelen pona semi syllabaries full linear elamite celtiberian iberian northeastern southeastern khom dunging redundant espanca script pahawh hmong khitan small script southwest paleohispanic bopomofo quốc âm tân tự sign languages aslwrite signwriting si5s stokoe notation syllabaries afaka bamum bété byblos canadian aboriginal cherokee cypriot cypro minoan ditema tsa dinoko eskayan geba great lakes algonquian iban idu kana hiragana katakana man yōgana hentaigana sōgana jindai moji kikakui kpelle linear b linear elamite lisu loma nüshu nwagu aneke script old persian cuneiform sumerian vai woleai yi yugtun v t e braille braille cell 1829 braille international uniformity ascii braille unicode braille patterns braille scripts french ordered albanian cantonese catalan chinese mainland mandarin largely reassigned czech dutch 6 dot 8 dot english unified english esperanto french german ghanaian guarani hawaiian hungarian iñupiaq ipa irish italian latvian lithuanian luxembourgish extended to 8 dot maltese māori navajo nigerian philippine polish portuguese romanian samoan slovak south african spanish taiwanese mandarin largely reassigned turkish azerbaijani vietnamese welsh yugoslav zambian nordic family estonian faroese icelandic scandinavian danish finnish greenlandic northern sámi norwegian swedish russian lineage family i e cyrillic mediated scripts belarusian bulgarian kazakh kyrgyz mongolian russian tatar ukrainian egyptian lineage family i e arabic mediated scripts arabic persian urdu pakistan indian lineage family i e bharati braille devanagari hindi marathi nepali bengali bangla assamese gujarati kannada malayalam odia punjabi sinhala tamil telugu urdu india other scripts amharic armenian burmese dzongkha bhutanese georgian greek hebrew inuktitut reassigned vowels khmer thai and lao japanese vowels tibetan reordered algerian braille obsolete frequency based american braille obsolete independent chinese semi syllabaries cantonese mainland chinese mandarin taiwanese mandarin two cell chinese shuangpin japanese korean eight dot dutch luxembourgish kanji gardner salinas braille codes gs8 symbols in braille braille music canadian currency marks computer braille code gardner salinas braille codes science gs8 gs6 international phonetic alphabet ipa nemeth braille code braille technology braille e book braille embosser braille translator braille watch mountbatten brailler optical braille recognition perforation perkins brailler refreshable braille display slate and stylus braigo people louis braille charles barbier róża czacka valentin haüy harris mowbray thakur vishva narain singh maría del carmen ortiz de arce sabriye tenberken william bell wait organisations braille institute of america braille without borders japan braille library national braille association blindness organizations schools for the blind american printing house for the blind other tactile alphabets decapoint moon type new york point night writing vibratese related topics accessible publishing braille literacy robobraille retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title ahom_script oldid 1373307624 categories brahmic scripts culture of assam obsolete writing systems ahom kingdom hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata scripts with iso 15924 four letter codes pages with plain ipa this page was last edited on 5 september 2026 at 05 23 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using 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