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in may 2017 by the wannacry ransomware cryptoworm which targeted computers running the microsoft windows operating system by encrypting data and demanding ransom payments in the form of bitcoin cryptocurrency 4 it was propagated using eternalblue an exploit developed by the united states national security agency nsa for microsoft windows systems eternalblue was stolen and leaked by a group called the shadow brokers tsb a month prior to the attack while microsoft had released patches previously to close the exploit much of wannacry s spread was from organizations that had not applied these patches or were using older windows systems that were past their end of life these patches were critical to organizations cyber security but many were not implemented due to general ignorance of their importance the attack began at 07 45 utc on 12 may 2017 and was halted a few hours later at 15 03 utc by the registration of a kill switch discovered by marcus hutchins the kill switch prevented already infected computers from being encrypted or further spreading wannacry 5 the attack was estimated to have affected more than 300 000 computers 6 across 150 countries 6 with total damages ranging from hundreds of millions to billions of dollars at the time security experts believed from preliminary evaluation of the worm that the attack originated from north korea or agencies working for the country in december 2017 the united states and united kingdom formally asserted that north korea was behind the attack although north korea has denied any involvement with the attack 7 a new variant of wannacry forced taiwan semiconductor manufacturing company tsmc to temporarily shut down several of its chip fabrication factories in august 2018 the worm spread onto 10 000 machines in tsmc s most advanced facilities 8 9 description edit edit source wannacry is a ransomware crypto worm which targets computers running the microsoft windows operating system by encrypting locking data and demanding ransom payments in the bitcoin cryptocurrency the worm is also known as wannacrypt 10 wana decrypt0r 2 0 11 wanacrypt0r 2 0 12 and wanna decryptor 13 it is considered a network worm because it also includes a transport mechanism to automatically spread itself this transport code scans for vulnerable systems then uses the eternalblue exploit to gain access and the doublepulsar tool to install and execute a copy of itself 14 wannacry versions 0 1 and 2 were created using microsoft visual c 6 0 15 eternalblue is an exploit of microsoft s implementation of their server message block smb protocol released by the shadow brokers much of the attention and comment around the event was occasioned by the fact that the u s national security agency nsa from whom the exploit was likely stolen had already discovered the vulnerability but used it to create an exploit for its own offensive work rather than report it to microsoft 16 17 microsoft eventually discovered the vulnerability and on tuesday 14 march 2017 they issued security bulletin ms17 010 which detailed the flaw and announced that patches had been released for all windows versions that were currently supported at that time these being windows vista windows 7 windows 8 1 windows 10 windows server 2008 windows server 2008 r2 windows server 2012 windows server 2012 r2 and windows server 2016 18 doublepulsar is a backdoor tool also released by the shadow brokers on 14 april 2017 starting from 21 april 2017 security researchers reported that there were tens of thousands of computers with the doublepulsar backdoor installed 19 by 25 april reports estimated that the number of infected computers could be up to several hundred thousand with numbers increasing every day 20 21 the wannacry code can take advantage of any existing doublepulsar infection or installs it itself 14 22 23 on 9 may 2017 private cybersecurity company risksense released code on github with the stated purpose of allowing legal white hat penetration testers to test the cve 2017 0144 exploit on unpatched systems 24 when executed the wannacry malware first checks the kill switch domain name iuqerfsodp9ifjaposdfjhgosurijfaewrwergwea com if it is not found then the ransomware encrypts the computer s data 25 26 27 then attempts to exploit the smb vulnerability to spread out to random computers on the internet 28 and laterally to computers on the same network 29 on the local system the wannacry executable file extracts and installs binary and configuration files from its resource section it also hides the extracted directory modifies security descriptors creates an encryption key deletes shadow copies and so on as with other modern ransomware the payload displays a message informing the user that their files have been encrypted and demands a payment of around us 300 in bitcoin within three days or us 600 within seven days 26 30 warning that you have not so enough time sic three hardcoded bitcoin addresses or wallets are used to receive the payments of victims as with all such wallets their transactions and balances are publicly accessible even though the cryptocurrency wallet owners remain unknown 31 several organizations released detailed technical write ups of the malware including a senior security analyst at risksense 32 33 microsoft 34 cisco 14 malwarebytes 28 symantec and mcafee 29 attack edit edit source the attack began on friday 12 may 2017 35 36 with evidence pointing to an initial infection in asia at 07 44 utc 35 37 the initial infection was likely through an exposed vulnerable smb port 38 rather than email phishing as initially assumed 35 within a day the code was reported to have infected more than 230 000 computers in over 150 countries 39 40 organizations that had not installed microsoft s security update from march were affected by the attack 41 those still running unsupported versions of microsoft windows such as windows xp and windows server 2003 42 43 were at particularly high risk because no security patches had been released since april 2014 for windows xp and july 2015 for windows server 2003 10 a kaspersky lab study reported however that less than 0 1 percent of the affected computers were running windows xp and that 98 percent of the affected computers were running windows 7 10 44 in a controlled testing environment the cybersecurity firm kryptos logic found that it was unable to infect a windows xp system with wannacry using mainly the exploits as the payload failed to load or caused the operating system to crash rather than executing and encrypting files however when executed manually wannacry continued to operate on windows xp 45 46 47 defensive response edit edit source experts quickly advised affected users against paying the ransom due to no reports of people getting their data back after payment and as high revenues would encourage more of such campaigns 48 49 50 as of 14 june 2017 after the attack had subsided a total of 327 payments totalling us 130 634 77 51 62396539 btc had been transferred worth approximately us 3 390 765 29 as of 27 february 2026 51 the day after the initial attack in may microsoft released out of band security updates for end of life products windows xp windows server 2003 and windows 8 these patches had been created in february but were previously only available to those who paid for a custom support plan 43 52 organizations were advised to patch windows and plug the vulnerability in order to protect themselves from the cyber attack 53 the head of microsoft s cyber defense operations center adrienne hall said that due to the elevated risk for destructive cyber attacks at this time we made the decision to take this action because applying these updates provides further protection against potential attacks with characteristics similar to wannacrypt alternative name to wannacry 54 55 researcher marcus hutchins 56 57 discovered the kill switch domain hardcoded in the malware 58 59 60 registering a domain name for a dns sinkhole stopped the attack spreading as a worm because the ransomware only encrypted the computer s files if it was unable to connect to that domain which all computers infected with wannacry before the website s registration had been unable to do while this did not help already infected systems it severely slowed the spread of the initial infection and gave time for defensive measures to be deployed worldwide particularly in north america and asia which had not been attacked to the same extent as elsewhere 61 62 63 64 65 on 14 may a first variant of wannacry appeared with a new and second 66 kill switch registered by matt suiche on the same day this was followed by a second variant with the third and last kill switch on 15 may which was registered by check point threat intelligence analysts 67 68 a few days later a new version of wannacry was detected that lacked the kill switch altogether 69 70 71 72 on 19 may it was reported that hackers were trying to use a mirai botnet variant to effect a distributed denial of service attack on wannacry s kill switch domain with the intention of knocking it offline 73 on 22 may hutchins protected the domain by switching to a cached version of the site capable of dealing with much higher traffic loads than the live site 74 separately researchers from university college london and boston university reported that their paybreak system could defeat wannacry and several other families of ransomware by recovering the keys used to encrypt the user s data 75 76 it was discovered that windows encryption apis used by wannacry may not completely clear the prime numbers used to generate the payload s private keys from the memory making it potentially possible to retrieve the required key if they had not yet been overwritten or cleared from resident memory the key is kept in the memory if the wannacry process has not been killed and the computer has not been rebooted after being infected 77 this behaviour was used by a french researcher to develop a tool known as wannakey which automates this process on windows xp systems 78 79 80 this approach was iterated upon by a second tool known as wanakiwi which was tested to work on windows 7 and server 2008 r2 as well 81 within four days of the initial outbreak new infections had slowed to a trickle due to these responses 82 attribution edit edit source linguistic analysis of the ransom notes suggested the authors were likely fluent in chinese and proficient in english as the versions of the notes in those languages appeared to be human written while the rest seemed to be machine translated 83 84 according to an analysis by the fbi s cyber behavioral analysis center the computer that created the ransomware language files had hangul language fonts installed as indicated by the presence of the fcharset129 rich text format tag 15 metadata in the language files also showed that the computers used to create the ransomware were set to utc 09 00 a time zone used in korea 15 a security researcher 85 86 initially posted a tweet 87 referencing code similarities between wannacry and previous malware the cybersecurity companies 88 kaspersky lab and symantec stated that the code shares some similarities with malware previously used by the lazarus group 89 which has been linked to north korea and is believed to have carried out the cyberattack on sony pictures in 2014 and a bangladesh bank heist in 2016 89 however these similarities could result from either code reuse by another group 90 or an attempt to misattribute responsibility as in a cyber false flag operation 89 a leaked internal nsa memo is also alleged to have linked the creation of the worm to north korea 91 brad smith the president of microsoft stated he believed north korea was behind the wannacry attack 92 and the uk s national cyber security centre reached the same conclusion 93 on 18 december 2017 the united states government formally announced that it considers north korea to be the main culprit behind the wannacry attack 94 president donald trump s homeland security advisor tom bossert wrote an op ed in the wall street journal stating we do not make this allegation lightly it is based on evidence 95 in a press conference the following day bossert stated that the evidence indicated that kim jong un had given the order to launch the malware attack 96 bossert stated that canada new zealand and japan agreed with the united states assessment of the evidence linking the attack to north korea 97 while the united kingdom s foreign and commonwealth office expressed support for the united states assertion 98 north korea denied responsibility for the cyberattack 99 100 on 6 september 2018 the u s department of justice doj announced formal charges against park jin hyok for his alleged involvement in the sony pictures hack of 2014 the doj stated that park was a north korean hacker working as part of a team affiliated with the north korean reconnaissance general bureau the department of justice further claimed this team was also involved in the wannacry attack among other activities 101 102 in february 2021 the doj unsealed charges against park and two other north korean hackers jon chang hyok and kim il for conspiracy to commit wire fraud and bank fraud the indictment alleged that the three were part of the reconnaissance general bureau and that their group was responsible for the 2017 wannacry attacks 103 impact edit edit source map of the countries initially affected 104 the ransomware campaign was unprecedented in scale according to europol 39 which estimates that around 200 000 computers were infected across 150 countries according to kaspersky lab the four most affected countries were russia ukraine india and taiwan 105 one of the largest agencies struck by the attack was the national health service hospitals in england and scotland 106 107 and up to 70 000 devices including computers mri scanners blood storage refrigerators and theatre equipment may have been affected 108 a national audit office investigation found that at least 81 of the 236 nhs trusts in england were affected 109 on 12 may some nhs services had to turn away non critical emergencies and some ambulances were diverted 110 111 in 2016 thousands of computers in 42 separate nhs trusts in england were reported to be still running windows xp 42 in 2018 a report by members of parliament concluded that all 200 nhs hospitals or other organisations checked in the wake of the wannacry attack still failed cybersecurity checks 112 113 nhs hospitals in wales and northern ireland were unaffected by the attack 110 114 nissan motor manufacturing uk in tyne and wear england halted production after the ransomware infected some of their systems renault also stopped production at several sites in an attempt to stop the spread of the ransomware 115 116 spain s telefónica fedex and germany s deutsche bahn were hit along with many other countries and companies worldwide 117 118 119 the attack s impact is said to be relatively low...
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