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he gemini system and decided to use its own modification of the spacecraft as the crew vehicle for the manned orbital laboratory to this end the gemini 2 spacecraft was refurbished and flown again atop a mockup of the mol sent into space by a titan iii c this was the first time a spacecraft went into space twice 56 the usaf also thought of adapting the gemini spacecraft for military applications such as crude observation of the ground no specialized reconnaissance camera could be carried and practicing making rendezvous with suspicious satellites this project was called blue gemini the usaf did not like the fact that gemini would have to be recovered by the us navy so they intended for blue gemini eventually to use the airfoil and land on three skids carried over from the original design of gemini at first some within nasa welcomed sharing of the cost with the usaf but it was later agreed that nasa was better off operating gemini by itself blue gemini was canceled in 1963 by secretary of defense robert mcnamara who decided the nasa gemini flights could conduct necessary military experiments mol was canceled by secretary of defense melvin laird in 1969 when it was determined that uncrewed spy satellites could perform the same functions much more cost effectively in media edit two gemini capsules codenamed jupiter instead of gemini are featured in the plot of the 1967 james bond film you only live twice a modified one man gemini capsule is used to send an astronaut played by james caan to the moon in the 1968 film countdown 57 gemini 4 gemini 8 and gemini 12 feature in the first episode of the 1998 hbo series from the earth to the moon like other us space programs gemini was covered in the 1985 pbs series spaceflight some aspects of the gemini program relating to astronaut neil armstrong played by ryan gosling were touched upon in the 2018 film first man which depicts the launch of gemini 8 and its rendezvous docking and the uncontrolled roll emergency during the mission many episodes of the television show i dream of jeannie featured launch pad and launch footage of various gemini missions gemini is a layer 7 telecom standard named after the gemini missions its non standard port number 1965 is a reference to the first mission date see also edit spaceflight portal list of crewed spacecraft splashdown spacecraft landing timeline of hydrogen technologies us space exploration history on us stamps references edit notes edit the only gemini spacecraft not launched by a titan ii was the reflight of gemini 2 for a manned orbiting laboratory test in 1966 which used a titan iiic gemini 3 used the mercury control center located at cape kennedy for flight control as the new center was still in test status gemini 4 was the first to be guided from houston with mercury control as a backup from gemini 5 through today all flights are controlled from houston the requirement for a touchdown on land using a paraglider was canceled in 1964 during the ten crewed flights of the gemini program the soviets made no crewed flights and despite achieving the first eva did no more evas until january 1969 armstrong had left the us navy and was already a nasa test pilot when he and elliot see became the first civilian astronauts in astronaut group 2 see armstrong s nasa biography and a description of his receiving a nasa award among others stafford was originally selected as the pilot on the prime crew of gemini 3 alongside alan shepard following shepard s grounding as a result of ménière s disease stafford swapped places with john young shepard was originally selected as the command pilot of gemini 3 but was grounded following a diagnosis of ménière s disease an inner ear disorder see had left the united states navy and was employed as a test pilot and engineer for general electric when he was selected as part of astronaut group 2 1 2 see and bassett were the original prime crew for gemini 9 but were killed in a plane crash on february 28 1966 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the original on 2014 12 15 retrieved 2015 01 04 dryden hugh march 1964 footprints on the moon national geographic magazine 125 3 washington d c national geographic society 357 401 retrieved 2015 01 04 dead link loff sarah 2013 10 21 gemini stepping stone to the moon gemini bridge to the moon washington d c national aeronautics and space administration archived from the original on 2014 12 21 retrieved 2015 01 04 reguly robert september 3 1965 canadians who helped gemini go toronto daily star toronto p 7 via newspapers com grimwood james m hackler barton c vorzimmer peter j 1969 project gemini a chronology sp 4002 pdf report nasa retrieved january 2 2026 gemini midprogram conference including experiment results nasa report sp 121 report houston texas manned spacecraft center february 23 25 1966 retrieved january 2 2026 gemini summary conference nasa report sp 138 pdf report houston texas nasa manned spacecraft center february 1 2 1967 retrieved january 2 2026 external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to project gemini nasa project gemini images and videos nasa project gemini science site archived 2011 06 04 at the wayback machine project gemini drawings and technical diagrams archived 2021 01 17 at the wayback machine gemini familiarization manuals pdf format project gemini mcdonnell employee video interviews and archival documents western historical manuscripts collection in st louis missouri v t e project gemini missions uncrewed gemini 1 2 crewed gemini 3 4 5 7 6a 8 9a 10 11 12 astronauts gemini 3 gus grissom command pilot john young pilot gemini 4 james mcdivitt command pilot ed white pilot gemini 5 gordon cooper command pilot pete conrad pilot gemini 7 frank borman command pilot jim lovell pilot gemini 6a wally schirra command pilot tom stafford pilot gemini 8 neil armstrong command pilot david scott pilot gemini 9a tom stafford command pilot gene cernan pilot gemini 10 john young command pilot michael collins pilot gemini 11 pete conrad command pilot richard gordon pilot gemini 12 jim lovell command pilot buzz aldrin pilot components gemini spacecraft sc 2 orbit attitude and maneuvering system titan rocket gemini guidance computer agena target vehicle gemini spacesuit launch sites cape canaveral air force station launch complex 19 launch complex 14 developments advanced gemini blue gemini military orbital development system manned orbiting laboratory ops 0855 big gemini related charles bassett elliot see mission control center manned space flight network rendezvous docking simulator 1966 nasa t 38 crash v t e united states human spaceflight programs active artemis international space station commercial crew completed x 15 mercury gemini apollo apollo applications skylab apollo soyuz space shuttle shuttle mir cancelled constellation dyna soar hl 20 personnel launch system man in space soonest manned orbiting laboratory nova orbital space plane orion nuclear nasp freedom v t e nasa policy and history history creation naca 1915 national aeronautics and space act 1958 space task group 1958 paine 1986 rogers 1986 ride 1987 space exploration initiative 1989 augustine 1990 u s national space policy 1996 cfusai 2002 caib 2003 vision for space exploration 2004 aldridge 2004 augustine 2009 general space race administrator and deputy administrator chief scientist astronaut corps ranks and positions chief budget nasa research spinoff technologies nasa nasa tv nasa social launch services program mercury control center manned space flight network kennedy space center vehicle assembly building launch complex 39 39a 39b launch complex 48 launch control center operations and checkout building johnson space center mission control lunar sample laboratory science mission directorate human spaceflight programs past x 15 suborbital mercury gemini apollo skylab apollo soyuz with the soviet space program space shuttle shuttle mir with roscosmos constellation current international space station commercial orbital 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