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the most common method of prepaying postage is by buying an adhesive postage stamp to be applied to the envelope before mailing a much less common method is to use a postage prepaid envelope franking is a method of creating postage prepaid envelopes under licence using a special machine they are used by companies with large mail programs such as banks and direct mail companies in 1998 the u s postal service authorised the first tests of a secure system of sending digital franks via the internet to be printed out on a pc printer obviating the necessity to license a dedicated franking machine and allowing companies with smaller mail programs to make use of the option this was later expanded to test the use of personalized postage the service provided by the u s postal service in 2003 allows the franks to be printed out on special adhesive backed labels in 2004 the royal mail in the united kingdom introduced its smartstamp internet based system allowing printing on ordinary adhesive labels or envelopes similar systems are being considered by postal administrations around the world when the pre paid envelope or package is accepted into the mail by an agent of the postal service the agent usually indicates by means of a cancellation that it is no longer valid for pre payment of postage the exceptions are when the agent forgets or neglects to cancel the mailpiece for stamps that are pre cancelled and thus do not require cancellation and for in most cases metered mail the personalized stamps authorized by the usps and manufactured by zazzle and other companies are in fact a form of meter label and thus do not need to be cancelled privacy and censorship edit main article postal censorship mobile steaming equipment the steamboat used by the state security of the former czechoslovakia to unstick mail envelopes for correspondence surveillance during the cold war documents should generally not be read by anyone other than the addressee for example in the united states of america it is a violation of federal law for anyone other than the addressee and the government to open mail 53 there are exceptions however executives often assign secretaries or assistants the task of handling their mail and postcards do not require opening and can be read by anyone for mail contained within an envelope there are legal provisions in some jurisdictions allowing the recording of identities of sender and recipient 54 the privacy of correspondence is guaranteed by the constitutions of mexico colombia brazil and venezuela and is alluded to in the european convention on human rights 55 and the universal declaration of human rights 54 the control of the contents inside private citizens mail is censorship and concerns social political and legal aspects of civil rights international mail and packages are subject to customs control with the mail and packages often surveyed and their contents sometimes edited out or even in citation needed there have been cases over the millennia of governments opening and copying or photographing the contents of private mail 54 56 subject to the laws in the relevant jurisdiction correspondence may be openly or covertly opened or the contents determined via some other method by the police or other authorities in some cases relating to a suspected criminal conspiracy although black chambers largely in the past though there is apparently some continuance of their use today opened extralegally the mail service may be allowed to open the mail if neither addressee nor sender can be located in order to attempt to locate either mail service may also open the mail to inspect if it contains materials that are hazardous to transport or violate local laws while in most cases mail censorship is exceptional military mail to and from soldiers is often subject to surveillance 57 the mail is censored to prevent leaking tactical secrets such as troop movements or weather conditions 57 depending on the country civilian mail containing military secrets can also be monitored and censored 57 mail sent to and from inmates in jails or prisons within the united states is subject to opening and review by jail or prison staff to determine if the mail has any criminal action dictated or provides means for an escape the only mail that is not able to be read is attorney client mail which is covered under the attorney client confidentiality laws in the united states 58 rise of electronic correspondence edit newer forms of communication such as the telegraph telephone telex facsimile and email have reduced the attractiveness of paper mail for many applications these modern alternatives have some advantages in addition to their speed they may be more secure e g because the general public cannot learn the address of the sender or recipient from the envelope and occasionally traditional items of mail may fail to arrive e g due to vandalism to mailboxes unfriendly pets and adverse weather conditions mail carriers due to perceived hazards or inconveniences may refuse officially or otherwise to deliver mail to a particular address for instance if there is no clear path to the door or mailbox on the other hand traditional mail avoids the possibility of computer malfunctions and malware and the recipient does not need to print it out if they wish to have a paper copy though scanning is required to make a digital copy physical mail is still widely used in business and personal communications for such reasons as legal requirements for signatures requirements of etiquette and the requirement to enclose small physical objects since the advent of email which is almost always much faster the postal system has come to be referred to in internet slang by the retronym snail mail occasionally the term white mail has also been used as a neutral term for postal mail citation needed mainly during the 20th century experimentation with hybrid mail has combined electronic and paper delivery electronic mechanisms include telegram telex facsimile fax email and short message service sms there have been methods which have combined mail and some of these newer methods such as temporary emails that combine facsimile transmission with overnight delivery 59 60 these vehicles commonly use a mechanical or electro mechanical standardised writing typing that on the one hand makes for more efficient communication while on the other hand makes impossible characteristics and practices that traditionally were in conventional mail such as calligraphy this epoch when is undoubtedly mainly dominated by mechanical writing with a general use of no more of half a dozen standard typographic fonts from standard keyboards citation needed however the increased use of typewritten or computer printed letters for personal communication and the advent of email have sparked renewed interest in calligraphy as a letter has become more of a special event long before email and computer printed letters however decorated envelopes rubber stamps and artistamps formed part of the medium of mail art 61 in the 2000s decade with the advent of ebay and other online auction sites and online stores postal services in industrialized nations have seen a major shift to item shipping this has been seen as a boost to the system s usage in the wake of lower paper mail volume due to the accessibility of email online post offices have emerged to give recipients a means of receiving traditional correspondence mail in a scanned electronic format continued drops in letter volume led postnord to stop delivering letters in denmark at the end of 2025 and remove mailboxes from streets collecting edit le philateliste by françois barraud 1929 postage stamps are also object of a particular form of collecting stamp collecting has been a very popular hobby in some cases when demand greatly exceeds supply their commercial value on this specific market may become enormously greater than face value even after use for some postal services the sale of stamps to collectors who will never use them is a significant source of revenue for example stamps from tokelau south georgia south sandwich islands tristan da cunha niuafoʻou and many others stamp collecting is commonly known as philately although strictly the latter term refers to the study of stamps another form of collecting regards postcards a document written on a single robust sheet of paper usually decorated with photographic pictures or artistic drawings on one of the sides and short messages on a small part of the other side that also contained the space for the address in strict philatelic usage the postcard is to be distinguished from the postal card which has a pre printed postage on the card the fact that this communication is visible by other than the receiver often causes the messages to be written in jargon letters are often studied as an example of literature and also in biography in the case of a famous person a portion of the new testament of the bible is composed of the apostle paul s epistles to christian congregations in various parts of the roman empire see below for a list of famous letters a style of writing called epistolary tells a fictional story in the form of the correspondence between two or more characters a makeshift mail method after stranding on a deserted island is a message in a bottle deregulation edit private american companies such as fedex and ups are direct competitors of the public united states postal service particularly for package delivery different mailboxes are also provided for local and express service the united states postal service as the mail carrier of the federal government has a legal monopoly on first class and standard mail delivery numerous countries including sweden 1 january 1993 62 63 new zealand 1998 and 2003 germany 2005 and 2007 argentina and chile opened up the postal services market to new entrants in the case of new zealand post limited this included from 2003 its right to be the sole new zealand postal administration member of the universal postal union thus the ending of its monopoly on stamps bearing the name new zealand estonia started the process of selling and fully privatizing the national postal service in september 2026 64 types edit letters edit pillar boxes on the portuguese island of madeira first class mail in blue and second class mail in red 2008 letter sized mail constitutes the bulk of the contents sent through most postal services these are usually documents printed on a4 210 297 mm letter sized 8 5 11 inches or smaller paper and placed in envelopes handwritten correspondence while once a major means of communications between distant people is now used less frequently 65 due to the advent of more immediate forms of communication such as the telephone or email traditional letters however are often considered to hark back to a simpler time and are still used when someone wishes to be deliberate and thoughtful about their communication an example would be a letter of sympathy to a bereaved person bills and invoices are often sent through the mail like regular billing correspondence from utility companies and other service providers these letters often contain a self addressed envelope that allows the receiver to remit payment back to the company easily while still very common many people now opt to use online bill payment services which eliminate the need to receive bills through the mail paperwork for the confirmation of large financial transactions is often sent through the mail many tax documents are as well new credit cards and their corresponding personal identification numbers are sent to their owners through the mail the card and number are usually mailed separately several days or weeks apart for security reasons bulk mail is mail that is prepared for bulk mailing often by presorting and processing at reduced rates it is often used in direct marketing and other advertising mail although it has other uses as well the senders of these messages sometimes purchase lists of addresses which are sometimes targeted towards certain demographics and then send letters advertising their product or service to all recipients other times commercial solicitations are sent by local companies advertising local products like a restaurant delivery service advertising to their delivery area or a retail store sending their weekly advertising circular to a general area bulk mail is also often sent to companies existing subscriber bases advertising new products or services first class edit first class mail in the u s includes postcards letters and large envelopes flats letters must weigh under 3 5 ounces and large envelopes must weigh under 13 ounces 66 usps formerly offered first class delivery for small parcels under 1 pound up until july 2023 when first class package service was replaced by usps ground advantage delivery is given priority over second class newspapers and magazines third class bulk advertisements and fourth class mail books and media packages first class mail prices are based on both the shape and weight of the item being mailed pieces over 13 ounces can be sent as priority mail 67 as of 2011 42 of first class mail arrived the next day 27 in two days and 31 in three the usps expected that changes to the service in 2012 would cause about 51 to arrive in two days and most of the rest in three 68 the canada post counterpart is lettermail 69 the british royal mail s 1st class as it is styled is simply a priority option over 2nd class at a slightly higher cost royal mail aims but does not guarantee to deliver all 1st class letters the day after posting 70 in austria priority delivery mail is called prio in switzerland a post 71 registered and recorded mail edit further information registered mail multi franked registered mail from the cretan state using greek stamps as a result of the union with the kingdom of greece to the kingdom of egypt showing a numbered registration label 1914 registered mail allows the location and in particular the correct delivery of a letter to be tracked it is usually considerably more expensive than regular mail and is typically used for valuable items registered mail is constantly tracked through the system recorded mail is handled just like ordinary mail with the exception that it has to be signed for on receipt this is useful for legal documents where proof of delivery is required in the united kingdom recorded delivery mail branded as signed for by the royal mail is covered by the recorded delivery services act 1962 under this legislation any document which its relevant law requires service by registered post 72 can also be lawfully served by recorded delivery repositionable notes edit the united states postal service introduced a test allowing repositionable notes for example 3m s post it notes to be attached to the outside of envelopes and bulk mailings 73 afterwards extending the test for an unspecified period 74 the repositionable note may be fixed directly to the addres...
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