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between 1889 and 1974 cardiff was a county borough governed by cardiff county borough council known as cardiff city council after 1905 between 1974 and 1996 cardiff was governed by cardiff city council a district council of south glamorgan since local government reorganisation in 1996 cardiff has been governed by the city and county council of cardiff based at county hall in atlantic wharf cardiff bay voters elect 75 councillors every four years between the 2004 and 2012 local elections no individual political party held a majority on cardiff county council the liberal democrats held the largest number of seats and cllr rodney berman was leader of the council 73 the liberal democrats and plaid cymru formed a partnership administration 74 in the 2012 elections the labour party achieved an outright majority after gaining an additional 33 seats across the city cardiff is divided into communities several with their own community council and the rest governed directly by cardiff city council elections are held every five years the last contested elections would have been held at the same time as the 2017 cardiff council election had there been more candidates standing than available seats those with community councils are lisvane 10 seats 75 old st mellons 9 seats 76 pentyrch 13 seats 77 radyr morganstown 13 seats 78 tongwynlais 9 seats 79 st fagans 9 seats 80 geography edit main article geography of cardiff the centre of cardiff is relatively flat and bounded by hills to the east north and west its location influenced its development as the world s largest coal port notably its proximity and easy access to the coalfields of the south wales valleys the highest point in the local authority area is garth hill 307 m 1 007 ft above sea level cardiff is built on reclaimed marshland on a bed of triassic stones this reclaimed marshland stretches from chepstow to the ely estuary 81 which is the natural boundary of cardiff and the vale of glamorgan triassic landscapes of this part of the world are usually shallow and low lying consistent with the flatness of the centre of cardiff 82 the classic triassic marl sand and conglomerate rocks are used predominantly throughout cardiff as building materials many of these triassic rocks are purplish especially the coastal marl found near penarth one of the triassic rocks used in cardiff is radyr stone a freestone which as its name suggests is quarried in the radyr district 83 cardiff has also imported some materials for buildings devonian sandstones the old red sandstone from the brecon beacons has been used most famously the buildings of cathays park the civic centre in the centre of the city are built of portland stone from dorset 84 a widely used building stone in cardiff is the yellow grey liassic limestone rock of the vale of glamorgan including the rare sutton stone a conglomerate of lias limestone and carboniferous limestone 85 cardiff is bordered to the west by the rural district of the vale of glamorgan also known as the garden of cardiff 86 to the east by the city of newport to the north by the south wales valleys and to the south by the severn estuary and bristol channel the river taff winds through the city centre and together with the river ely flows into the freshwater cardiff bay a third river the rhymney flows through the east of the city directly into the severn estuary cardiff lies near the glamorgan heritage coast stretching westward from penarth and barry commuter towns of cardiff with striped yellow blue jurassic limestone cliffs the glamorgan coast is the only part of the celtic sea with exposed jurassic blue lias geology this stretch of coast with its reefs sandbanks and serrated cliffs was a ship graveyard many ships sailing to cardiff during the industrial era were wrecked on this hostile coastline during west south westerly gales smuggling deliberate shipwrecking and attacks on ships were also common 87 cityscape edit see also list of places in cardiff overlooking cardiff bay viewed from penarth cathays library the dock feeder canal atlantic wharf inner cardiff consists of the wards of plasnewydd gabalfa roath cathays adamsdown and splott ward on the north and east of the city centre and butetown grangetown riverside and canton to the south and west 88 the inner city areas to the south of the a4161 road known as the southern arc are with the exception of cardiff bay some of the poorest districts of wales with low levels of economic activity 89 on the other hand gabalfa plasnewydd and cathays north of the arc have large student populations 90 and pontcanna north of riverside and alongside canton is a favourite for students and young professionals penylan to the north east of roath park is an affluent area popular with older parents and the retired to the west lie ely and caerau which have some of the largest housing estates in the united kingdom with the exception of some outlying privately built estates at michaelston super ely this is an economically disadvantaged area with high numbers of unemployed households culverhouse cross is a more affluent western area of the city fairwater heath birchgrove gabalfa mynachdy llandaff north llandaff llanishen radyr whitchurch tongwynlais rhiwbina thornhill lisvane and cyncoed lie in an arc from the north west to the north east of the centre lisvane cyncoed radyr and rhiwbina contain some of the most expensive housing in wales further east lie the wards of pontprennau and old st mellons st mellons rumney pentwyn llanrumney llanedeyrn and trowbridge the last four are largely public housing stock although much new private housing is being built in trowbridge pontprennau is the newest suburb of cardiff while old st mellons has a history going back to the 11th century norman conquest 91 the region that may be called rural cardiff contains the villages of st fagans creigiau pentyrch tongwynlais and gwaelod y garth 92 in 2017 plans were approved for a new suburb of 7 000 homes between radyr and st fagans known as plasdŵr 93 st fagans home to the museum of welsh life is protected from further development 94 since 2000 there has been a marked change of scale and building height in cardiff with the development of the city centre s first purpose built high rise apartments 95 tall buildings have been built in the city centre and cardiff bay and more are planned 96 climate edit see also climate of the united kingdom wales cardiff climate chart explanation j f m a m j j a s o n d 127 9 3 93 9 3 85 11 4 72 14 6 79 17 9 74 20 11 84 22 13 105 21 13 86 19 11 129 15 8 131 12 5 140 9 3 average max and min temperatures in c precipitation totals in mm source met office 1991 2020 averages imperial conversion j f m a m j j a s o n d 5 47 37 3 7 49 37 3 4 52 39 2 8 58 42 3 1 63 47 2 9 68 52 3 3 71 56 4 1 71 55 3 4 66 51 5 1 60 46 5 1 53 41 5 5 48 37 average max and min temperatures in f precipitation totals in inches cardiff in the north temperate zone has a maritime climate köppen cfb marked by mild weather that is often cloudy wet and windy 97 cardiff is one of the warmest and wettest cities in the uk with an average annual temperature and rainfall of approximately 11 c and 1200mm respectively summers tend to be warm and sunny with average maxima between 19 and 22 c 66 and 72 f winters are fairly wet but excessive rainfall as well as frost are rare spring and autumn feel similar with mild temperatures averaging around 15 c as daytime maxima rain is unpredictable at any time of year although showers tend to be shorter in summer 98 the northern part of the county being higher and inland tends to be cooler and wetter than the city centre 99 cardiff s maximum and minimum monthly temperatures average 21 8 c 71 2 f july and 2 5 c 36 5 f january and february for wales the temperatures average 19 3 c 66 7 f july and 1 6 c 34 9 f february 100 101 cardiff has 1 573 hours of sunshine in an average year wales 1 407 5 hours cardiff is sunniest in july with an average 199 6 hours during the month wales 177 hours and least sunny in december with 50 4 hours wales 41 4 hours 100 101 cardiff experiences less rainfall than average for wales it falls on 153 days in an average year with total annual rainfall of 1 203 3 mm 47 37 in monthly rainfall patterns show that from october to january average monthly rainfall in cardiff exceeds 100 mm 3 9 in each month the wettest month being december with 139 6 mm 5 50 in and the driest from april to june with average monthly rainfall fairly consistent between 70 and 80 mm 2 8 and 3 1 in 100 101 climate data for cardiff bute park wmo id 99610 coordinates 51 29 17 n 3 11 19 w 51 48818 n 3 18859 w 51 48818 3 18859 met office bute park elevation 9 m 30 ft 1991 2020 normals extremes 1913 present b month jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec year record high c f 15 0 59 0 18 3 64 9 21 6 70 9 26 9 80 4 32 9 91 2 35 9 96 6 33 6 92 5 34 5 94 1 29 7 85 5 27 1 80 8 18 7 65 7 16 7 62 1 35 9 96 6 mean daily maximum c f 8 6 47 5 9 2 48 6 11 3 52 3 14 4 57 9 17 4 63 3 20 1 68 2 21 8 71 2 21 4 70 5 19 1 66 4 15 3 59 5 11 6 52 9 9 1 48 4 15 0 59 0 daily mean c f 5 6 42 1 5 9 42 6 7 6 45 7 10 1 50 2 13 0 55 4 15 7 60 3 17 5 63 5 17 2 63 0 14 9 58 8 11 7 53 1 8 3 46 9 6 0 42 8 11 1 52 0 mean daily minimum c f 2 5 36 5 2 5 36 5 3 9 39 0 5 7 42 3 8 5 47 3 11 1 52 0 13 1 55 6 12 9 55 2 10 7 51 3 8 0 46 4 4 9 40 8 2 8 37 0 7 3 45 1 record low c f 16 7 1 9 11 1 12 0 8 9 16 0 4 8 23 4 2 0 28 4 1 0 33 8 4 5 40 1 3 6 38 5 0 5 32 9 3 4 25 9 8 7 16 3 10 1 13 8 16 7 1 9 average precipitation mm inches 127 0 5 00 93 0 3 66 85 3 3 36 72 1 2 84 78 5 3 09 73 5 2 89 83 6 3 29 104 8 4 13 86 3 3 40 129 1 5 08 130 7 5 15 139 6 5 50 1 203 5 47 39 average precipitation days 1 0 mm 15 6 12 0 12 3 10 7 11 2 10 4 11 2 12 4 11 8 15 0 15 6 15 2 153 4 mean monthly sunshine hours 53 5 76 2 116 6 177 0 198 4 195 2 199 6 185 3 151 9 103 9 65 0 50 4 1 572 9 source 1 met office 102 103 104 ordnance survey 105 source 2 knmi 106 starlings roost weather 107 108 demography edit main article demographics of cardiff historical population year pop 1801 6 342 1851 26 630 319 9 1861 48 965 83 9 1871 71 301 45 6 1881 93 637 31 3 1891 142 114 51 8 1901 172 629 21 5 1911 209 804 21 5 1921 227 753 8 6 1931 247 270 8 6 1941 257 112 4 0 1951 267 356 4 0 1961 278 552 4 2 1971 290 227 4 2 1981 274 500 5 4 1991 272 557 0 7 2001 292 150 7 2 2011 346 100 18 5 2021 362 400 4 7 source vision of britain except 2011 which is the 2011 census data from the office for national statistics historical populations are calculated with the modern boundaries following a period of decline in the 1970s and 1980s cardiff s population is growing again it reached 362 400 in the 2021 census 109 compared to a 2011 census figure of 346 100 6 between mid 2007 and mid 2008 cardiff was the fastest growing local authority in wales with growth of 1 2 110 according to 2001 census data cardiff was the 21st largest urban area in the united kingdom 111 the cardiff larger urban zone a eurostat definition including the vale of glamorgan and a number of local authorities in the valleys has 841 600 people the 10th largest luz in the uk 112 the cardiff and south wales valleys metropolitan area has a population of nearly 1 1 million 113 residential areas of northern cardiff official census estimates of the city s total population have been disputed the city council published two articles arguing that the 2001 census seriously under reported the population of cardiff and in particular the ethnic minority population of some inner city areas 114 115 the welsh government s official mid year estimate of the population of the cardiff local authority area in 2019 was 366 903 116 at the 2011 census the official population of the cardiff built up area bua was put at 447 287 117 118 the bua is not contiguous with the local authority boundary and aggregates data at a lower level for cardiff this includes the urban part of cardiff penarth dinas powys caerphilly and pontypridd cardiff has an ethnically diverse population due to past trading connections post war immigration and large numbers of foreign students who attend university in the city the ethnic make up of cardiff s population at the 2011 census was 84 7 white 1 6 mixed white and black african caribbean 0 7 mixed white and asian 0 6 mixed other 8 1 asian 2 4 black 1 4 arab and 0 6 other ethnic groups 119 this means almost 53 000 people from a non white ethnic group reside in the city this diversity especially that of the city s long established african 120 and arab 121 communities has been recorded in cultural exhibitions and events along with books published on this subject 122 123 health edit main article cardiff and vale university health board university hospital of wales there are seven nhs hospitals in the city the largest being the university hospital of wales which is the third largest hospital in the uk and deals with most accidents and emergencies 124 the university dental hospital which provides emergency treatment is also located on this site llandough hospital is located in the south of the city st david s hospital the city s newest hospital built behind the former building is located in canton and provides services for the elderly and children cardiff royal infirmary is on newport road near the city centre the majority of this hospital was closed in 1999 but the west wing remained open for clinic services genitourinary medicine and rehabilitation treatment rookwood hospital and the velindre cancer centre are also located within cardiff they are administered by the cardiff and vale university health board with the exception of velindre which is run by a separate trust 125 126 spire healthcare a private hospital is in pontprennau 127 language edit see also cardiff dialect bilingual signs are commonplace in cardiff cardiff has a chequered linguistic history with welsh english latin norse and norman french preponderant at different times welsh was the majority language in cardiff from the 13th century until the city s explosive growth in the victorian era 128 as late as 1850 five of the 12 anglican churches within the current city boundaries conducted their services exclusively in welsh while only two worshipped exclusively in english 128 by 1891 the percentage of welsh speakers had fallen to 27 9 and only lisvane llanedeyrn and creigiau remained as majority welsh speaking communities 129 the welsh language became grouped around a small cluster of chapels and churches the most notable of which is tabernacl in the city centre one of four uk churches chosen to hold official services to commemorate the new millennium the city s first welsh language school ysgol gymraeg bryntaf was established in the 1950s welsh has since regained ground 130 aided by welsh medium education and migration from other parts of wales there are now many more welsh speakers in the local authority their numbers doubled between the 1991 and 2021 censuses from 18 071 6 6 to 42 757 12 2 reside...
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