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of 2017 the total population is 68 6 million population by urban areas of prefecture county cities city urban area 33 district area 33 city proper 33 census date 1 changsha b 2 963 218 3 092 213 7 040 952 2010 11 01 1 changsha new district b 230 136 523 660 see changsha 2010 11 01 2 hengyang 1 115 645 1 133 967 7 148 344 2010 11 01 3 zhuzhou c 999 404 1 055 150 3 857 100 2010 11 01 3 zhuzhou new district c 94 326 383 598 see zhuzhou 2010 11 01 4 yueyang 924 099 1 231 509 5 476 084 2010 11 01 5 xiangtan 903 287 960 303 2 752 171 2010 11 01 6 changde 846 308 1 457 419 5 714 623 2010 11 01 7 yiyang 697 607 1 245 517 4 307 933 2010 11 01 8 liuyang 588 081 1 279 469 see changsha 2010 11 01 9 chenzhou 582 971 822 534 4 583 531 2010 11 01 10 shaoyang 574 527 753 194 7 071 735 2010 11 01 11 yongzhou 540 930 1 020 715 5 194 275 2010 11 01 12 ningxiang d 498 055 1 166 138 see changsha 2010 11 01 13 leiyang 476 173 1 151 554 see hengyang 2010 11 01 14 huaihua 472 687 552 622 4 741 673 2010 11 01 15 liling 449 067 947 387 see zhuzhou 2010 11 01 16 loudi 425 037 496 744 3 784 634 2010 11 01 17 changning 332 927 810 447 see hengyang 2010 11 01 18 miluo 321 074 692 080 see yueyang 2010 11 01 19 yuanjiang 281 097 666 270 see yiyang 2010 11 01 20 zhangjiajie 250 489 494 528 1 478 149 2010 11 01 21 lianyuan 245 360 995 515 see loudi 2010 11 01 22 lengshuijiang 238 275 327 146 see loudi 2010 11 01 23 linxiang 225 054 498 319 see yueyang 2010 11 01 24 zixing 215 707 337 294 see chenzhou 2010 11 01 25 jishou 212 328 302 065 part of xiangxi prefecture 2010 11 01 26 xiangxiang 210 799 788 216 see xiangtan 2010 11 01 27 hongjiang 197 753 477 996 see huaihua 2010 11 01 28 wugang 187 436 734 870 see shaoyang 2010 11 01 29 jinshi 156 230 250 898 see changde 2010 11 01 30 shaoshan 27 613 86 036 see xiangtan 2010 11 01 湖南 húnán shěng xiang chinese fu lan 5 mandarin xu nan 1 2 new district established after census wangcheng wangcheng county the new district not included in the urban area district area count of the pre expanded city 1 2 new district established after census lukou zhuzhou county the new district not included in the urban area district area count of the pre expanded city ningxiang county is currently known as ningxiang clc after census politics edit main articles politics of hunan list of provincial leaders of the people s republic of china government of hunan and hunan provincial committee of the chinese communist party young mao zedong statue in changsha the politics of hunan is structured in a dual party government system like all other governing institutions in mainland china the governor of hunan is the highest ranking official in the people s government of hunan however in the province s dual party government governing system the governor has less power than the hunan chinese communist party provincial committee secretary colloquially termed the hunan ccp party chief economy edit hunan is the 10th largest provincial economy of china the third largest in the central china region after henan and hubei the fourth largest in the south central china region after guangdong henan and hubei and the fourth largest among inland provinces after sichuan henan and hubei 34 as of 2025 hunan s nominal gdp was us 790 billion cn 5 53 trillion appearing in the world s top 20 largest sub national economies with its gdp ppp being over us 1 62 trillion 6 7 its nominal gdp per capita exceeded 84 583 us 11 900 or us 24 804 in ppp making it the third richest province in south central china after guangdong and hubei 6 as of 2020 hunan s gdp nominal was us 605 billion 8 9 making it larger than the economies of poland the 22nd largest in the world thailand the 2nd largest in asean and nigeria the largest in africa 10 as of the mid 19th century hunan exported rhubarb musk honey tobacco hemp and birds 35 the lake dongting area is an important center of ramie production and hunan is also an important center of tea cultivation hunan was a major recipient of china s investment in industrial capacity during the third front campaign 36 298 in recent years hunan has grown to become an important center for steel machinery and electronics production especially as china s manufacturing sector moves away from coastal provinces such as guangdong and zhejiang 37 the lengshuijiang area is noted for its stibnite mines and is one of the major centers of antimony extraction in china 38 hunan is also well known for a few global makers of construction equipment such as concrete pumps cranes etc these companies include sany group zoomlion and sunward sany is one of the world s major players the city of liuyang is the world s top center for manufacturing fireworks 39 historical gdp of hunan province for 1952 present sna2008 40 purchasing power parity of chinese yuan as int l dollar based on imf weo october 2017 41 year gdp gdp per capita gdppc based on mid year population reference index gdp in millions real growth gdppc exchange rate 1 foreign currency to cny cny usd ppp int l cny usd ppp int l usd 1 int l 1 ppp 2016 3 155 137 475 007 901 236 8 0 46 382 6 983 13 249 6 6423 3 5009 2015 2 917 217 468 373 821 867 8 5 43 157 6 929 12 159 6 2284 3 5495 2014 2 728 177 444 126 768 414 9 5 40 635 6 615 11 445 6 1428 3 5504 2013 2 483 465 400 999 694 307 10 1 37 263 6 017 10 418 6 1932 3 5769 2012 2 233 833 353 875 629 107 11 4 33 758 5 348 9 507 6 3125 3 5508 2011 1 981 655 306 815 565 299 12 8 30 103 4 661 8 587 6 4588 3 5055 2010 1 615 325 238 618 487 925 14 6 24 897 3 678 7 520 6 7695 3 3106 2009 1 315 627 192 597 416 667 13 9 20 579 3 013 6 517 6 8310 3 1575 2008 1 162 761 167 422 366 016 14 1 18 261 2 629 5 748 6 9451 3 1768 2007 948 599 124 750 314 637 15 1 14 942 1 965 4 956 7 6040 3 0149 2006 772 232 96 870 268 350 12 8 12 192 1 529 4 237 7 9718 2 8777 2005 662 345 80 856 231 670 12 2 10 606 1 295 3 710 8 1917 2 8590 2000 355 149 42 901 130 603 9 0 5 425 655 1 995 8 2784 2 7193 1995 213 213 25 531 78 117 10 3 3 359 402 1 231 8 3510 2 7294 1990 74 444 15 564 43 724 4 0 1 228 257 721 4 7832 1 7026 1985 34 995 11 917 24 966 12 1 626 213 447 2 9366 1 4017 1980 19 172 12 795 12 820 5 2 365 244 244 1 4984 1 4955 1975 11 840 6 366 10 3 239 129 1 8598 1970 9 305 3 780 17 6 211 86 2 4618 1965 6 532 2 653 13 2 170 69 2 4618 1960 6 407 2 603 1 0 176 71 2 4618 1955 3 583 1 376 18 5 104 40 2 6040 1952 2 781 1 251 86 39 2 2227 economic and technological development zones edit changsha national economic and technical development zone the changsha national economic and technology development zone was founded in 1992 it is located east of changsha the total planned area is 38 6 km 2 14 9 sq mi and the current area is 14 km 2 5 4 sq mi near the zone is national highways g319 and g107 as well as jingzhu highway besides that it is very close to the downtown and the railway station the distance between the zone and the airport is 8 km 5 0 mi the major industries in the zone include high tech industry biology project technology and new material industry 42 changsha national new hi tech industrial development zone chenzhou export processing zone approved by the state council chenzhou export processing zone cepz was established in 2005 and is the only export processing zone in hunan province the scheduled production area of cepz covers 3km2 the industrial positioning of cepz is to concentrate on developing export oriented hi tech industries including electronic information precision machinery and new type materials the zone has good infrastructure and the enterprises inside could enjoy the preferential policies of tax exemption tax guarantee and tax refunding by the end of the eleventh five year plan the cepz achieved a total export and import volume of over us 1 billion and provided more than 50 000 jobs it aimed to be one of the first class export processing zones in china 43 zhuzhou national new hi tech industrial development zone zhuzhou hi tech industrial development zone was founded in 1992 its total planned area is 35 km 2 14 sq mi it is very close to national highway g320 the major industries in the zone include biotechnology food processing and heavy industry in 2007 the park signed a cooperation contract with beijing automobile industry one of the largest auto makers in china which will set up a manufacturing base in zhuzhou htp 44 demographics edit ethnic minority inhabited areas in hunan historical population year pop 1912 45 27 617 000 1928 46 31 501 000 14 1 1936 37 47 28 294 000 10 2 1947 48 25 558 000 9 7 1954 49 33 226 954 30 0 1964 50 37 182 286 11 9 1982 51 54 008 851 45 3 1990 52 60 659 754 12 3 2000 53 63 274 173 4 3 2010 54 65 683 722 3 8 2020 2 66 444 864 1 2 as of the 2000 census the population of hunan is 64 400 700 consisting of forty one ethnic groups its population grew 6 17 3 742 700 from its 1990 levels according to the census 89 79 57 540 000 identified themselves as han chinese and 10 21 6 575 300 as minority groups the minority groups are tujia miao dong yao bai hui zhuang uyghurs and so on in hunan ethnic minority languages are spoken in the following prefectures xiangxi tujia and miao autonomous prefecture qo xiong language tujia language huaihua qo xiong language dong language hm nai language hmu language shaoyang maojia language hm nai language pa hng language badong yao language yongzhou mien language biao min language chenzhou dzao min language religion in hunan 55 note 1 chinese buddhism taoist traditions and chinese folk religions 20 2 christianity 0 77 other religions or not religious people note 2 79 0 hunanese uyghurs edit around 5 000 uyghurs live around taoyuan county and other parts of changde 56 57 58 59 hui and uyghurs have intermarried in this area 60 61 62 in addition to eating pork the uygurs of changde practice other han chinese customs like ancestor worship at graves some uyghurs from xinjiang visit the hunan uyghurs out of curiosity or interest 63 the uyghurs of hunan do not speak the uyghur language instead mandarin chinese is spoken as their native language 64 religion edit see also christianity in hunan the predominant religions in hunan are chinese buddhism taoist traditions and chinese folk religions according to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009 20 19 of the population believes and is involved in ancestor veneration while 0 77 of the population identifies as christian 55 the reports didn t give figures for other types of religion 79 04 of the population may be either irreligious or involved in worship of nature deities buddhism confucianism taoism folk religious sects in 2010 there are 118 799 muslims in hunan 65 puguang buddhist temple in zhangjiajie temple of confucius in liuyang an ancestral shrine in the province notable people edit see also category people from hunan during the late late qing era hunan emerged as the epicenter of revolution and reform in china giving rise to many of the nation s most renowned scholars politicians and military leaders including the most influential and controversial figure of china in the 20th century mao zedong hunanese were pioneers in embracing foreign ideas as seen in the works of 19th century thinkers like wei yuan 魏源 as the saying goes among chinese historians hunanese shaped half of modern chinese history 一部中国近代史 半部由湖南写就 their profound and enduring influence on china s politics and society persisted well into recent times zhou dunyi 1017 1073 chinese scholar and philosopher wang fuzhi 1619 1692 chinese essayist historian and philosopher of the late ming early qing dynasties zeng guofan 1811 1872 zuo zongtang 1812 1885 or general tso chinese statesman and military leader of the late qing dynasty taqibu 1816 1855 huang xing 1874 1916 cai e 1882 1916 chinese revolutionary leader general and governor of yunnan 1911 1913 jiang xiaowan 1922 interpreter mao zedong 1893 1976 he long 1896 1969 peng dehuai 1898 1974 liu shaoqi 1898 1969 ma ying jeou born 1950 yuet ching lee 1918 1997 hong kong actress citation needed ted hui born 1982 hong kong politician citation needed martin cao born 1993 racing driver zhou chengzhou born 1982 chinese film director and artist lexie liu born 1998 singer jackson yee born 2000 actor and singer culture edit main article culture of hunan as of 2022 hunan s culture and related industries achieved an added value of cn 250 65 billion us 37 27 billion accounting for 5 27 of the province s gdp among them the added value of cultural services was cn 150 20 billion us 22 33 billion the added value of cultural manufacturing was cn 78 28 billion us 11 64 billion the added value of cultural wholesale and retail was cn 22 17 billion us 3 30 billion 66 in 2023 there are 655 art groups 149 mass art galleries and cultural centers 148 public libraries 180 museums and memorial halls 108 radio and television stations 5 853 million cable tv users and 27 441 million fiber optic internet broadband users all connected to cable tv the comprehensive population coverage rate of radio is 99 43 and the comprehensive population coverage rate of television is 99 77 there are 137 national intangible cultural heritage protection lists and 410 provincial intangible cultural heritage protection lists 12 078 books 235 periodicals and 44 newspapers have been published with a total print run of 590 million books 80 million periodicals and 500 million newspapers 3 language edit hunan is a region with complex dialects the dialects in the province include xiang southwestern mandarin gan hakka and some local dialects whose identities have not yet been determined such as xiangnan tuhua and waxiang dialect in areas where ethnic minorities live many people can speak their own ethnic language and communicate in chinese yongfeng chili sauce cuisine edit hunanese cuisine is noted for its near ubiquitous use of chili peppers garlic and shallots these ingredients give rise to a distinctive dry and spicy 干辣 gānlà taste 67 with dishes such as smoked cured ham and stir fried spicy beef being prime examples of the flavor 67 music edit huaguxi is a local form of chinese opera that is very popular in hunan province tourism edit located in the south central part of the chinese mainland hunan has long been known for its natural environment it is surrounded by mountains on the east west and south and by the yangtze river on the north for thousands of years the region has been a major center of agriculture growing rice tea and oranges china s first all glass suspension bridge was also opened in hunan in shiniuzhai national geological park 68 wulingyuan is a world heritage site and a 5a scenic area located in south central hunan wulingyuan is noted for its thousands of quartzite sandstone pillars caves and waterfalls the area also contains zhangjiajie national forest park shaoshan county known for being the birthplace of mao zedong yueyang tower on the shores of lake dongting was built in the han and jin dynasties and has existed in its current state since the qing dynasty alongside the pavilion of prince teng and yellow c...
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