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160 2010 161 1990 162 1970 162 1940 162 non hispanic white 44 7 47 0 59 0 79 5 e 96 6 black 22 0 24 4 23 8 16 3 3 1 hispanic or latino of any race 19 5 17 5 10 8 2 8 e 0 1 asian 9 7 8 9 5 3 1 3 0 2 two or more races 3 2 3 9 native american 0 2 0 4 0 3 0 2 boston city massachusetts racial and ethnic composition note the us census treats hispanic latino as an ethnic category this table excludes latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category hispanics latinos may be of any race race ethnicity nh non hispanic pop 1970 162 pop 1980 163 pop 1990 164 pop 2000 165 pop 2010 166 pop 2020 167 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 white alone nh 524 709 382 123 338 734 291 561 290 312 301 464 81 85 67 87 58 98 49 49 47 01 44 62 black or african american alone nh 104 707 122 203 136 887 140 305 138 073 129 264 16 33 21 71 23 84 23 82 22 36 19 13 native american or alaska native alone nh 1 047 1 302 1 531 1 517 1 227 989 0 16 0 23 0 27 0 26 0 20 0 15 asian alone nh 8 218 15 150 29 640 44 009 54 846 75 588 1 28 2 69 5 16 7 47 8 88 11 19 native hawaiian or pacific islander alone nh x 168 x 169 x 170 271 182 251 x x x 0 05 0 03 0 04 other race alone nh 2 390 6 148 5 536 8 215 10 078 9 257 0 37 1 09 0 96 1 39 1 63 1 37 mixed race or multiracial nh x 171 x 172 x 173 18 174 14 959 32 721 x x x 3 08 2 42 4 84 hispanic or latino any race x 171 36 068 61 955 85 089 107 917 126 113 x 6 41 10 79 14 44 17 47 18 67 total 641 071 562 994 574 283 589 141 617 594 675 647 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 in the 2020 census boston was estimated to have 691 531 residents living in 266 724 households 5 a 12 population increase over 2010 boston is the third most densely populated large u s city of over half a million residents and the most densely populated state capital some 1 2 million persons may be within boston s boundaries during work hours and as many as 2 million during special events this fluctuation of people is caused by hundreds of thousands of suburban residents who travel to the city for work education health care and special events 174 in 2011 21 9 of the population was aged 19 and under 14 3 was from 20 to 24 33 2 from 25 to 44 20 4 from 45 to 64 and 10 1 was 65 years of age or older the median age was 30 8 years for every 100 females there were 92 0 males for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 89 9 males 175 there were 252 699 households of which 20 4 had children under the age of 18 living in them 25 5 were married couples living together 16 3 had a female householder with no husband present and 54 0 were non families 37 1 of all households were made up of individuals and 9 0 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older the average household size was 2 26 and the average family size was 3 08 175 in 2024 the median household income in boston was 97 791 while the median income for a family was 110 710 176 in 2011 full time year round male workers had a median income of 52 544 versus 46 540 for full time year round female workers the per capita income for the city was 33 158 21 4 of the population and 16 0 of families were below the poverty line of the total population 28 8 of those under the age of 18 and 20 4 of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line 177 boston has a significant racial wealth gap with white bostonians having a median net worth of 247 500 compared to an 8 median net worth for non immigrant black residents and 0 for dominican immigrant residents 178 from the 1950s to the end of the 20th century the proportion of non hispanic whites in boston declined in 2000 non hispanic whites were 49 5 of boston s population making the city majority minority for the first time in the 21st century boston has experienced significant gentrification during which affluent whites have moved into formerly non white areas in 2006 the u s census bureau estimated non hispanic whites again formed a slight majority by 2010 in part due to a crash in housing prices as well as increased efforts to make affordable housing more available the non white population had rebounded and non hispanic white residents formed 47 of the population 179 180 181 ethnicity edit u s navy sailors march in boston s annual saint patrick s day parade irish americans constitute the largest ethnicity in boston an armenian american family in boston 1908 in 2011 african americans comprised 22 of the city s population people of irish descent formed the second largest single ethnic group in the city making up 15 8 of the population followed by italians accounting for 8 3 of the population people of west indian and caribbean ancestry are another sizable group collectively at over 15 182 in greater boston these numbers grew significantly with 150 000 dominicans according to 2018 estimates 134 000 puerto ricans 57 500 salvadorans 39 000 guatemalans 36 000 mexicans and over 35 000 colombians 183 east boston has a diverse hispanic latino population of salvadorans colombians guatemalans mexicans dominicans and puerto ricans hispanic populations in southwest boston neighborhoods are mainly made up of dominicans and puerto ricans usually sharing neighborhoods in this section with african americans and blacks with origins from the caribbean and africa especially cape verdeans and haitians neighborhoods such as jamaica plain and roslindale have a growing number of dominican americans 184 there is a large and historical armenian community in boston 185 and the city is home to the armenian heritage park 186 over 27 000 chinese americans made their home in boston city proper in 2013 187 according to the 2012 2016 american community survey 5 year estimates the largest ancestry groups in boston are 188 189 ancestry percentage of boston population percentage of massachusetts population percentage of united states population city to state difference city to usa difference black 22 8 2 14 15 13 8 7 irish 14 06 21 16 10 39 7 10 3 67 italian 8 13 13 19 5 39 5 05 2 74 other west indian 6 92 1 96 0 90 4 97 6 02 dominican 5 45 2 60 0 68 2 65 4 57 puerto rican 5 27 4 52 1 66 0 75 3 61 chinese 4 57 2 28 1 24 2 29 3 33 german 4 57 6 00 14 40 1 43 9 83 english 4 54 9 77 7 67 5 23 3 13 american 4 13 4 26 6 89 0 13 2 76 sub saharan african 4 09 2 00 1 01 2 09 3 08 haitian 3 58 1 15 0 31 2 43 3 27 polish 2 48 4 67 2 93 2 19 0 45 cape verdean 2 21 0 97 0 03 1 24 2 18 french 1 93 6 82 2 56 4 89 0 63 vietnamese 1 76 0 69 0 54 1 07 1 22 jamaican 1 70 0 44 0 34 1 26 1 36 russian 1 62 1 65 0 88 0 03 0 74 asian indian 1 31 1 39 1 09 0 08 0 22 scottish 1 30 2 28 1 71 0 98 0 41 french canadian 1 19 3 91 0 65 2 71 0 54 mexican 1 12 0 67 11 96 0 45 10 84 arab 1 10 1 10 0 59 0 00 0 50 income edit see also list of massachusetts locations by per capita income data is from the american community survey s five year estimates 2008 2012 190 191 192 rank zip code zcta per capita income median household income median family income population number of households 1 02110 financial district 152 007 123 795 196 518 1 486 981 2 02199 prudential center 151 060 107 159 146 786 1 290 823 3 02210 fort point 93 078 111 061 223 411 1 905 1 088 4 02109 north end 88 921 128 022 162 045 4 277 2 190 5 02116 back bay bay village 81 458 87 630 134 875 21 318 10 938 6 02108 beacon hill financial district 78 569 95 753 153 618 4 155 2 337 7 02114 beacon hill west end 65 865 79 734 169 107 11 933 6 752 8 02111 chinatown financial district leather district 56 716 44 758 88 333 7 616 3 390 9 02129 charlestown 56 267 89 105 98 445 17 052 8 083 10 02467 chestnut hill 53 382 113 952 148 396 22 796 6 351 11 02113 north end 52 905 64 413 112 589 7 276 4 329 12 02132 west roxbury 44 306 82 421 110 219 27 163 11 013 13 02118 south end 43 887 50 000 49 090 26 779 12 512 14 02130 jamaica plain 42 916 74 198 95 426 36 866 15 306 15 02127 south boston 42 854 67 012 68 110 32 547 14 994 massachusetts 35 485 66 658 84 380 6 560 595 2 525 694 boston 33 589 53 136 63 230 619 662 248 704 suffolk county 32 429 52 700 61 796 724 502 287 442 16 02135 brighton 31 773 50 291 62 602 38 839 18 336 17 02131 roslindale 29 486 61 099 70 598 30 370 11 282 united states 28 051 53 046 64 585 309 138 711 115 226 802 18 02136 hyde park 28 009 57 080 74 734 29 219 10 650 19 02134 allston 25 319 37 638 49 355 20 478 8 916 20 02128 east boston 23 450 49 549 49 470 41 680 14 965 21 02122 dorchester fields corner 23 432 51 798 50 246 25 437 8 216 22 02124 dorchester codman square ashmont 23 115 48 329 55 031 49 867 17 275 23 02125 dorchester uphams corner savin hill 22 158 42 298 44 397 31 996 11 481 24 02163 allston harvard business school 21 915 43 889 91 190 1 842 562 25 02115 back bay longwood museum of fine arts symphony hall area 21 654 23 677 50 303 29 178 9 958 26 02126 mattapan 20 649 43 532 52 774 27 335 9 510 27 02215 fenway kenmore 19 082 30 823 72 583 23 719 7 995 28 02119 roxbury 18 998 27 051 35 311 24 237 9 769 29 02121 dorchester mount bowdoin 18 226 30 419 35 439 26 801 9 739 30 02120 mission hill 17 390 32 367 29 583 13 217 4 509 religion edit old south church a united church of christ congregation first organized in 1669 at copley square at sunset in a 2023 24 study by the pew research center 47 of the population of the city identified themselves as christians with 21 attending a variety of protestant churches and 24 professing roman catholic beliefs 40 claim no religious affiliation the remaining 13 are composed of adherents of judaism buddhism islam hinduism and other faiths 193 in 2010 the catholic church had the highest number of adherents as a single denomination in the greater boston area with more than two million members and 339 churches followed by the episcopal church with 58 000 adherents in 160 churches the united church of christ had 55 000 members and 213 churches 194 in 2015 the boston metro area had a jewish population of approximately 248 000 195 more than half the jewish households in the greater boston area reside in the city itself brookline newton cambridge somerville or adjacent towns 195 a small minority practices confucianism and some practice boston confucianism an american evolution of confucianism adapted for boston intellectuals 196 economy edit see also major companies in greater boston and list of tourist attractions in boston top publicly traded boston companies for 2018 ranked by revenues with city and u s ranks 197 bos corporation us revenue in millions 1 general electric 18 122 274 2 liberty mutual 68 42 687 3 state street 259 11 774 4 american tower 419 6 663 9 top city employers 2023 198 rank company organization 1 brigham and women s hospital 2 dana farber cancer institute 3 massachusetts general hospital 4 beth israel deaconess medical center 5 boston children s hospital 6 boston medical center 7 boston university school of medicine 8 massachusetts bay transportation authority 9 tiaa 10 tufts children s hospital a global city boston is ranked among the top 30 most economically powerful cities in the world 199 encompassing 610 billion the greater boston metropolitan area has the eighth largest economy in the country and 16th largest in the world 200 201 boston s colleges and universities exert a significant impact on the regional economy boston attracts more than 350 000 college students from around the world who contribute more than us 4 8 billion annually to the city s economy 202 203 the area s schools are major employers and attract industries to the city and surrounding region the city is home to a number of technology companies and is a hub for biotechnology with the milken institute rating boston as the top life sciences cluster in the country 204 boston receives the highest absolute amount of annual funding from the national institutes of health of all cities in the united states 205 boston is considered highly innovative for a variety of reasons including the presence of academia access to venture capital and the presence of many high tech companies 206 207 the route 128 corridor and greater boston continue to be a major center for venture capital investment 208 and high technology remains an important sector 209 with nearly 5 000 startup companies 208 206 210 in the late 2010s to the 2020s the city has been a center of artificial intelligence 211 212 tourism composes a large part of boston s economy with 21 2 million domestic and international visitors spending 8 3 billion in 2011 213 excluding visitors from canada and mexico over 1 4 million international tourists visited boston in 2014 with those from china and the united kingdom leading the list 214 boston s status as a state capital as well as the regional home of federal agencies has rendered law and government to be another major component of the city s economy 215 boston is a major seaport along the east coast of the united states and the oldest continuously operated industrial and fishing port in the western hemisphere 216 in the 2018 global financial centres index boston was ranked as having the 13th most competitive financial services center in the world and the second most competitive in the united states 217 boston based fidelity investments helped popularize the mutual fund in the 1980s and has made boston one of the top financial centers in the united states and a center for venture capital firms 218 boston is home to the headquarters of santander bank and state street corporation the latter specializing in asset management and custody services boston is a printing and publishing center 219 houghton mifflin harcourt is headquartered within the city along with bedford st martin s press and beacon press pearson plc publishing units employ several hundred people in boston boston is home to two convention centers the hynes convention center in the back bay and the boston convention and exhibition center on the south boston waterfront 220 boston is home to the headquarters of several major athletic and footwear companies including converse new balance and reebok rockport puma and wolverine world wide inc headquarters or regional offices 221 are just outside the city 222 education edit primary and secondary edit boston latin school established in 1635 is the oldest public high school in the u s boston public schools enroll 57 000 students attending 145 schools including boston latin academy john d o bryant school of math science and the boston latin school the boston latin school was established in 1635 and is the oldest public high school in the us boston also operates the united states second oldest public high school and its oldest public elementary school 19 the system s students are 40 hispanic or latino 35 black or african american 13 white and 9 asian 223 there are private parochial and charter schools approximately 3 300 minority students attend participating suburban schools through the metropolitan educational opportunity council 224 in september 2019 the city began boston saves a program that provides every child enrolled in the city s kindergarten system a savings account co...
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