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e premier zhu rongji geography edit main article geography of hunan hunan is on the south bank of the yangtze river about halfway along its length situated between 108 47 114 16 east longitude and 24 37 30 08 north latitude hunan covers an area of 211 800 square kilometres 81 800 square miles making it the 10th largest provincial level division the east south and west sides of the province are surrounded by mountains and hills such as the wuling mountains to the northwest the xuefeng mountains to the west the nanling mountains to the south and the luoxiao mountains to the east mountains and hills occupy more than 80 of the province and plains less than 20 at 2 115 2 meters above sea level hunan s highest point is lingfeng 酃峰 24 25 26 the xiang the zi the yuan and the lishui rivers converge on the yangtze river at lake dongting in the north of hunan the center and northern parts are somewhat low and a u shaped basin open in the north and with lake dongting as its center most of hunan lies in the basins of four major tributaries of the yangtze river lake dongting is the largest lake in the province and the second largest freshwater lake of china the xiaoxiang area and lake dongting figure prominently in chinese poetry and paintings particularly during the song dynasty when they were associated with officials who had been unjustly dismissed 27 changsha which means long sands was an active ceramics district during the tang dynasty its tea bowls ewers and other products mass produced and shipped to china s coastal cities for export abroad an arab dhow dated to the 830s and today known as the belitung shipwreck was discovered off the small island of belitung indonesia with more than 60 000 pieces in its cargo citation needed the salvaged cargo is today housed in singapore hunan s climate is subtropical under the köppen climate classification it is classified as humid subtropical köppen cfa with short cool damp winters very hot and humid summers and plenty of rain january temperatures average 3 to 8 c 37 to 46 f while july temperatures average around 27 to 30 c 81 to 86 f average annual precipitation is 1 200 to 1 700 millimetres 47 to 67 in the furongian epoch in the cambrian period of geological time is named for hunan furong 芙蓉 means lotus in mandarin and refers to hunan which is known as the lotus state 28 administrative divisions edit main article list of administrative divisions of hunan see also list of cities in china hunan is divided into fourteen prefecture level divisions thirteen prefecture level cities and an autonomous prefecture administrative divisions of hunan changsha zhuzhou xiangtan hengyang shaoyang yueyang changde zhangjiajie yiyang chenzhou yongzhou huaihua loudi xiangxi aut prefecture division code 29 division area in km 2 30 population 2020 31 seat divisions 32 districts counties aut counties cl cities 430000 hunan province 210 000 00 66 444 864 changsha city 36 61 7 18 430100 changsha city 11 819 46 10 047 914 yuelu district 6 1 2 430200 zhuzhou city 11 262 20 3 902 738 tianyuan district 5 3 1 430300 xiangtan city 5 006 46 2 726 181 yuetang district 2 1 2 430400 hengyang city 15 302 78 6 645 243 zhengxiang district 5 5 2 430500 shaoyang city 20 829 63 6 563 520 daxiang district 3 6 1 2 430600 yueyang city 14 897 88 5 051 922 yueyanglou district 3 4 2 430700 changde city 18 177 18 5 279 102 wuling district 2 6 1 430800 zhangjiajie city 9 516 03 1 517 027 yongding district 2 2 430900 yiyang city 12 325 16 3 851 564 heshan district 2 3 1 431000 chenzhou city 19 317 33 4 667 134 beihu district 2 8 1 431100 yongzhou city 22 255 31 5 289 824 lengshuitan district 2 8 1 431200 huaihua city 27 562 72 4 587 594 hecheng district 1 5 5 1 431300 loudi city 8 107 61 3 826 996 louxing district 1 2 2 433100 xiangxi autonomous prefecture 15 462 30 2 488 105 jishou city 7 1 administrative divisions in chinese and varieties of romanizations english chinese pinyin xiang romanization hunan province 湖南省 húnán shěng fu12 nan12 sǝn2 changsha city 长沙市 chángshā shì c̣an2 sa11 ṣî32 zhuzhou city 株洲市 zhūzhōu shì ćy11 c̣ôu11 ṣî32 xiangtan city 湘潭市 xiāngtán shì ṣî32 hengyang city 衡阳市 héngyáng shì xǝn12 ian12 ṣî32 shaoyang city 邵阳市 shàoyáng shì ian12 ṣî32 yueyang city 岳阳市 yuèyáng shì io4 ian12 ṣî32 changde city 常德市 chángdé shì tô4 ṣî32 zhangjiajie city 张家界市 zhāngjiājiè shì ćia11 kai31 ṣî32 yiyang city 益阳市 yìyáng shì i4 ian12 ṣî32 chenzhou city 郴州市 chēnzhōu shì c̣ôu11 ṣî32 yongzhou city 永州市 yǒngzhōu shì yn2 c̣ôu11 ṣî32 huaihua city 怀化市 huáihuà shì fai12 fa31 ṣî32 loudi city 娄底市 lóudǐ shì ti2 ṣî32 xiangxi autonomous prefecture 湘西自治州 xiāngxī zìzhìzhōu si11 ci31 c̣î31 c̣ôu11 the fourteen prefecture level divisions of hunan are subdivided into 122 county level divisions 35 districts 17 county level cities 63 counties 7 autonomous counties those are in turn divided into 2587 township level divisions 1098 towns 1 158 townships 98 ethnic townships 225 subdistricts and eight district public offices at the year end of 2017 the total population is 68 6 million population by urban areas of prefecture county cities city urban area 33 district area 33 city proper 33 census date 1 changsha b 2 963 218 3 092 213 7 040 952 2010 11 01 1 changsha new district b 230 136 523 660 see changsha 2010 11 01 2 hengyang 1 115 645 1 133 967 7 148 344 2010 11 01 3 zhuzhou c 999 404 1 055 150 3 857 100 2010 11 01 3 zhuzhou new district c 94 326 383 598 see zhuzhou 2010 11 01 4 yueyang 924 099 1 231 509 5 476 084 2010 11 01 5 xiangtan 903 287 960 303 2 752 171 2010 11 01 6 changde 846 308 1 457 419 5 714 623 2010 11 01 7 yiyang 697 607 1 245 517 4 307 933 2010 11 01 8 liuyang 588 081 1 279 469 see changsha 2010 11 01 9 chenzhou 582 971 822 534 4 583 531 2010 11 01 10 shaoyang 574 527 753 194 7 071 735 2010 11 01 11 yongzhou 540 930 1 020 715 5 194 275 2010 11 01 12 ningxiang d 498 055 1 166 138 see changsha 2010 11 01 13 leiyang 476 173 1 151 554 see hengyang 2010 11 01 14 huaihua 472 687 552 622 4 741 673 2010 11 01 15 liling 449 067 947 387 see zhuzhou 2010 11 01 16 loudi 425 037 496 744 3 784 634 2010 11 01 17 changning 332 927 810 447 see hengyang 2010 11 01 18 miluo 321 074 692 080 see yueyang 2010 11 01 19 yuanjiang 281 097 666 270 see yiyang 2010 11 01 20 zhangjiajie 250 489 494 528 1 478 149 2010 11 01 21 lianyuan 245 360 995 515 see loudi 2010 11 01 22 lengshuijiang 238 275 327 146 see loudi 2010 11 01 23 linxiang 225 054 498 319 see yueyang 2010 11 01 24 zixing 215 707 337 294 see chenzhou 2010 11 01 25 jishou 212 328 302 065 part of xiangxi prefecture 2010 11 01 26 xiangxiang 210 799 788 216 see xiangtan 2010 11 01 27 hongjiang 197 753 477 996 see huaihua 2010 11 01 28 wugang 187 436 734 870 see shaoyang 2010 11 01 29 jinshi 156 230 250 898 see changde 2010 11 01 30 shaoshan 27 613 86 036 see xiangtan 2010 11 01 湖南 húnán shěng xiang chinese fu lan 5 mandarin xu nan 1 2 new district established after census wangcheng wangcheng county the new district not included in the urban area district area count of the pre expanded city 1 2 new district established after census lukou zhuzhou county the new district not included in the urban area district area count of the pre expanded city ningxiang county is currently known as ningxiang clc after census politics edit main articles politics of hunan list of provincial leaders of the people s republic of china government of hunan and hunan provincial committee of the chinese communist party young mao zedong statue in changsha the politics of hunan is structured in a dual party government system like all other governing institutions in mainland china the governor of hunan is the highest ranking official in the people s government of hunan however in the province s dual party government governing system the governor has less power than the hunan chinese communist party provincial committee secretary colloquially termed the hunan ccp party chief economy edit hunan is the 10th largest provincial economy of china the third largest in the central china region after henan and hubei the fourth largest in the south central china region after guangdong henan and hubei and the fourth largest among inland provinces after sichuan henan and hubei 34 as of 2025 hunan s nominal gdp was us 790 billion cn 5 53 trillion appearing in the world s top 20 largest sub national economies with its gdp ppp being over us 1 62 trillion 6 7 its nominal gdp per capita exceeded 84 583 us 11 900 or us 24 804 in ppp making it the third richest province in south central china after guangdong and hubei 6 as of 2020 hunan s gdp nominal was us 605 billion 8 9 making it larger than the economies of poland the 22nd largest in the world thailand the 2nd largest in asean and nigeria the largest in africa 10 as of the mid 19th century hunan exported rhubarb musk honey tobacco hemp and birds 35 the lake dongting area is an important center of ramie production and hunan is also an important center of tea cultivation hunan was a major recipient of china s investment in industrial capacity during the third front campaign 36 298 in recent years hunan has grown to become an important center for steel machinery and electronics production especially as china s manufacturing sector moves away from coastal provinces such as guangdong and zhejiang 37 the lengshuijiang area is noted for its stibnite mines and is one of the major centers of antimony extraction in china 38 hunan is also well known for a few global makers of construction equipment such as concrete pumps cranes etc these companies include sany group zoomlion and sunward sany is one of the world s major players the city of liuyang is the world s top center for manufacturing fireworks 39 historical gdp of hunan province for 1952 present sna2008 40 purchasing power parity of chinese yuan as int l dollar based on imf weo october 2017 41 year gdp gdp per capita gdppc based on mid year population reference index gdp in millions real growth gdppc exchange rate 1 foreign currency to cny cny usd ppp int l cny usd ppp int l usd 1 int l 1 ppp 2016 3 155 137 475 007 901 236 8 0 46 382 6 983 13 249 6 6423 3 5009 2015 2 917 217 468 373 821 867 8 5 43 157 6 929 12 159 6 2284 3 5495 2014 2 728 177 444 126 768 414 9 5 40 635 6 615 11 445 6 1428 3 5504 2013 2 483 465 400 999 694 307 10 1 37 263 6 017 10 418 6 1932 3 5769 2012 2 233 833 353 875 629 107 11 4 33 758 5 348 9 507 6 3125 3 5508 2011 1 981 655 306 815 565 299 12 8 30 103 4 661 8 587 6 4588 3 5055 2010 1 615 325 238 618 487 925 14 6 24 897 3 678 7 520 6 7695 3 3106 2009 1 315 627 192 597 416 667 13 9 20 579 3 013 6 517 6 8310 3 1575 2008 1 162 761 167 422 366 016 14 1 18 261 2 629 5 748 6 9451 3 1768 2007 948 599 124 750 314 637 15 1 14 942 1 965 4 956 7 6040 3 0149 2006 772 232 96 870 268 350 12 8 12 192 1 529 4 237 7 9718 2 8777 2005 662 345 80 856 231 670 12 2 10 606 1 295 3 710 8 1917 2 8590 2000 355 149 42 901 130 603 9 0 5 425 655 1 995 8 2784 2 7193 1995 213 213 25 531 78 117 10 3 3 359 402 1 231 8 3510 2 7294 1990 74 444 15 564 43 724 4 0 1 228 257 721 4 7832 1 7026 1985 34 995 11 917 24 966 12 1 626 213 447 2 9366 1 4017 1980 19 172 12 795 12 820 5 2 365 244 244 1 4984 1 4955 1975 11 840 6 366 10 3 239 129 1 8598 1970 9 305 3 780 17 6 211 86 2 4618 1965 6 532 2 653 13 2 170 69 2 4618 1960 6 407 2 603 1 0 176 71 2 4618 1955 3 583 1 376 18 5 104 40 2 6040 1952 2 781 1 251 86 39 2 2227 economic and technological development zones edit changsha national economic and technical development zone the changsha national economic and technology development zone was founded in 1992 it is located east of changsha the total planned area is 38 6 km 2 14 9 sq mi and the current area is 14 km 2 5 4 sq mi near the zone is national highways g319 and g107 as well as jingzhu highway besides that it is very close to the downtown and the railway station the distance between the zone and the airport is 8 km 5 0 mi the major industries in the zone include high tech industry biology project technology and new material industry 42 changsha national new hi tech industrial development zone chenzhou export processing zone approved by the state council chenzhou export processing zone cepz was established in 2005 and is the only export processing zone in hunan province the scheduled production area of cepz covers 3km2 the industrial positioning of cepz is to concentrate on developing export oriented hi tech industries including electronic information precision machinery and new type materials the zone has good infrastructure and the enterprises inside could enjoy the preferential policies of tax exemption tax guarantee and tax refunding by the end of the eleventh five year plan the cepz achieved a total export and import volume of over us 1 billion and provided more than 50 000 jobs it aimed to be one of the first class export processing zones in china 43 zhuzhou national new hi tech industrial development zone zhuzhou hi tech industrial development zone was founded in 1992 its total planned area is 35 km 2 14 sq mi it is very close to national highway g320 the major industries in the zone include biotechnology food processing and heavy industry in 2007 the park signed a cooperation contract with beijing automobile industry one of the largest auto makers in china which will set up a manufacturing base in zhuzhou htp 44 demographics edit ethnic minority inhabited areas in hunan historical population year pop 1912 45 27 617 000 1928 46 31 501 000 14 1 1936 37 47 28 294 000 10 2 1947 48 25 558 000 9 7 1954 49 33 226 954 30 0 1964 50 37 182 286 11 9 1982 51 54 008 851 45 3 1990 52 60 659 754 12 3 2000 53 63 274 173 4 3 2010 54 65 683 722 3 8 2020 2 66 444 864 1 2 as of the 2000 census the population of hunan is 64 400 700 consisting of forty one ethnic groups its population grew 6 17 3 742 700 from its 1990 levels according to the census 89 79 57 540 000 identified themselves as han chinese and 10 21 6 575 300 as minority groups the minority groups are tujia miao dong yao bai hui zhuang uyghurs and so on in hunan ethnic minority languages are spoken in the following prefectures xiangxi tujia and miao autonomous prefecture qo xiong language tujia language huaihua qo xiong language dong language hm nai language hmu language shaoyang maojia language hm nai language pa hng language badong yao language yongzhou mien language biao min language chenzhou dzao min language religion in hunan 55 note 1 chinese buddhism taoist traditions and chinese folk religions 20 2 christianity 0 77 other religions or not religious people note 2 79 0 hunanese uyghurs edit around 5 000 uyghurs live around taoyuan county and other parts of changde 56 57 58 59 hui and uyghurs have intermarried in this area 60 61 62 in addition to eating pork the uygurs of changde practice other han chinese customs like ancestor worship at graves some uyghurs from xinjiang visit the hunan uyghurs out of curiosity or interest 63 the uyghurs of hunan do not speak the uyghur language instead mandarin chinese is spoken as their nativ...
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