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be achieved using biological insecticides based on fungi such as lecanicillium lecanii beauveria bassiana or isaria fumosorosea 136 fungi are the main pathogens of aphids entomophthorales can quickly cut aphid numbers in nature 137 aphids may also be controlled by the release of natural enemies in particular lady beetles and parasitoid wasps however since adult lady beetles tend to fly away within 48 hours after release without laying eggs repeated applications of large numbers of lady beetles are needed to be effective for example one large heavily infested rose bush may take two applications of 1500 beetles each 116 138 the ability to produce allomones such as farnesene to repel and disperse aphids and to attract their predators has been experimentally transferred to transgenic arabidopsis thaliana plants using an eβf synthase gene in the hope that the approach could protect transgenic crops 139 eβ farnesene has however found to be ineffective in crop situations although stabler synthetic forms help improve the effectiveness of control using fungal spores and insecticides through increased uptake caused by movements of aphids 140 in human culture edit aphids are familiar to farmers and gardeners mainly as pests peter marren and richard mabey record that gilbert white described an invading army of black aphids that arrived in his village of selborne hampshire england in august 1774 in great clouds covering every plant while in the unusually hot summer of 1783 white found that honeydew was so abundant as to deface and destroy the beauties of my garden though he thought the aphids were consuming rather than producing it 141 infestation of the chinese sumac rhus chinensis by chinese sumac aphids schlechtendalia chinensis can create chinese galls which are valued as a commercial product as galla chinensis they are used in traditional chinese medicine to treat coughs diarrhea night sweats dysentery and to stop intestinal and uterine bleeding chinese galls are also an important source of tannins 29 see also edit insects portal aeroplankton economic entomology pineapple gall notes edit all extant species are in the aphidididae extinct aphids as listed in the taxobox were in the larger taxon aphidoidea the term black fly is also used for the simuliidae among them the vector of river blindness dairying ants also milk mealybugs and other insects references edit piper ross 2007 extraordinary animals an encyclopedia of curious and unusual animals greenwood press pp 6 9 isbn 978 0 313 33922 6 1 2 aphid noun oxford dictionaries retrieved 21 february 2025 late 19th cent back formation from aphides plural of aphis modern latin from greek perhaps a misreading of koris bug interpreting the characters κoρ kor as αϕ aph 1 2 żyła dagmara homan agnieszka wegierek piotr 2017 polyphyly of the extinct family oviparosiphidae and its implications for inferring aphid evolution hemiptera sternorrhyncha plos one 12 4 e0174791 bibcode 2017ploso 1274791z doi 10 1371 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