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rt depicts the surface of the earth but there are other sorts of landscapes such as moonscapes skyscapes and cloudscapes depict clouds weatherforms and atmospheric conditions moonscapes show the landscape of a moon seascapes depict oceans or beaches riverscapes depict rivers or creeks cityscapes or townscapes depict cities urban landscapes battle scenes are a subdivision of military painting which when depicting a battle from afar are set within a landscape seascape or even a cityscape hardscapes are paved areas like streets and sidewalks housing developments large business complexes and industrial areas aerial landscapes depict a surface or ground from above especially as seen from an airplane or spacecraft when the viewpoint is directly overhead looking down there is of course no depiction of a horizon or sky this genre can be combined with others as in the aerial cloudscapes of georgia o keeffe the aerial moonscapes of nancy graves or the aerial cityscapes of yvonne jacquette inscapes are landscape like usually surrealist or abstract artworks which seek to convey the psychoanalytic view of the mind as a three dimensional space for sources on this statement see inscape visual art veduta italian for view is generally a painting of a landscape often a cityscape which were a common 18th century painting theme hellscapes depict conceptions of hell or places that resemble conceptions of hell landscape and modernism edit albert pinkham ryder seacoast in moonlight 1890 the phillips collection washington d c proto american modernist associated with tonalism wassily kandinsky der blaue reiter 1903 der blaue reiter an expressionist group active from 1911 to 1914 henri matisse landscape at collioure 1905 museum of modern art new york city fauvism a modernist movement in paris active from 1900 to 1907 andré derain 1905 le séchage des voiles the drying sails oil on canvas 82 101 cm pushkin museum moscow exhibited at the 1905 salon d automne jean metzinger 1906 coucher de soleil no 1 landscape oil on canvas 72 5 100 cm rijksmuseum kröller müller otterlo netherlands pablo picasso 1908 paysage aux deux figures landscape with two figures oil on canvas 60 x 73 cm musée picasso paris henri rousseau the dream 1910 museum of modern art new york city ernst ludwig kirchner naked playing people 1910 die brücke an expressionist group active after 1905 albert gleizes 1911 le chemin paysage à meudon paysage avec personnage oil on canvas 146 4 114 4 cm stolen by nazi occupiers from the home of collector alphonse kann during world war ii landscape art movements edit albrecht altdorfer c 1480 1538 danube landscape near regensburg c 1528 one of the earliest western pure landscapes he was the leader of the danube school in southern germany pastel landscape painting en plein air east asian edit china southern school 8th 16th centuries also known as the literati school four masters of the yuan dynasty four masters of the ming dynasty six masters of the early qing period including the four wangs japan often dynastic tosa school 14th or 15th century to 19th kanō school 15th to 19th centuries hasegawa school mid 16th to early 18th century nanga southern painting professionals in the edo period influenced by chinese literati painting 17th to 19th centuries middle eastern edit palestinian landscape painting western edit pre 19th century danube school 19th and 20th century american barbizon school american impressionism amsterdam impressionism barbizon school düsseldorf school of painting etching revival fauvism group of seven canada hague school heidelberg school australia hoosier group hudson river school impressionism land art luminism american luminism impressionism macchiaioli neo impressionism norwich school peredvizhniki pont aven school post impressionism pre raphaelite brotherhood the ten tonalism white mountain art see also edit claude glass landscape architecture landscape photography vädersolstavlan the sundog painting visual arts skyscraper category landscape paintings notes edit landscapes classical to modern curriculum education at the getty getty edu retrieved 2023 06 08 british library topographical collections an overview archived 2010 07 21 at the wayback machine british library topographical prints and drawings glossary of terms archived 2010 07 12 at the wayback machine oed landscape 1632 john milton in l allegro is the earliest cited by the oed the scaef coming from the old english sceppan meaning to shape oed landscape ingold 126 jackson 156 growth wilson 2 3 see the etymology section at landscape for further detail and references honour fleming 53 the only very complete example the spring fresco is now in the national archaeological museum athens but there are several others with only animal figures surviving in fragments honour fleming 150 151 landscape painting in the song dynasty the metropolitan museum of art a major theme throughout both sickman and paine see for example sickmann pp 132 133 182 186 203 204 319 352 356 and paine pp 160 168 235 243 clark 17 18 clark 23 4 image another now removed to the palazzo massimo commons images the landscape in western painting minneapolis institute of the arts archived 2009 07 25 at the wayback machine retrieved february 20 2010 clark 31 2 clark 34 37 honour fleming 357 see wood for full coverage ainsworth maryan wynn et al from van eyck to bruegel early netherlandish paintings in the metropolitan museum of art p 302 323 2009 metropolitan museum of art 2009 isbn 0 8709 9870 6 google books see the landscape work of barent gael and jacob van der ulft for example whose italian style landscapes were formulaic copies sometimes from prints silver p 6 7 poussin and the heroic landscape archived 2011 09 28 at wikiwix by joseph phelan retrieved december 17 2009 clark chapter 4 see the work of willem van de velde the younger huchtenburg and pauwels van hillegaert see the work of aert van der neer see the work of jacques van artois see the work of adriaen van ostade see the work of roelant roghman the ruins of egmond abbey were popular for a century slive 17 reitlinger 74 75 85 87 modern painters volume three of the novelty of landscape clark 15 16 wilton lyles 11 28 28 quoted see wilton lyles for all these in polish maciej masłowski maksymilian gierymski i jego czasy maksymilian gierymski and his times warsaw 1970 ed piw national publishing institute 2nd edition 1976 in polish maciej masłowski malarski żywot józefa chełmońskiego józef chełmoński painter s life warsaw 1965 ed piw ed national publishing institute 2nd edition 1972 in polish maciej masłowski józef chełmoński warsaw 1973 ed auriga wydawnictwa artystyczne i filmowe art and film publishers in polish masłowski m ed stanisław masłowski materiały do życiorysu i twórczości wrocław 1957 prado museo del 1996 the prado museum collection of paintings bettagno alessandro spain fonds mercator isbn 90 6153 371 6 oclc 38061864 foster david william altamiranda daniel urioste azcorra carmen 2001 spanish literature current debates on hispanism new york garland pub isbn 0 8153 3562 8 oclc 45223599 epps bradley s fernández cifuentes luis 2005 spain beyond spain modernity literary history and national identity lewisburg pa bucknell university press isbn 0 8387 5583 6 oclc 56617356 kelly franklin 1989 frederic edwin church pdf washington national gallery of art p 32 isbn 0 89468 136 2 landscapes in virtual vault archived 2016 03 12 at the wayback machine an online exhibition of canadian historical art at library and archives canada seno alexandra a 2010 11 02 river of wisdom is hong kong s hottest ticket the wall street journal archived from the original on 2017 07 09 sickman 219 220 sickman 182 sickman 54 55 watson 72 sickman 82 84 and 186 sickman 182 183 p 182 quoted sickman 184 186 and p 203 sickman 304 305 princeton university art museum archived 2011 07 02 at the wayback machine wang hong act ca 1131 ca 1161 eight views of the xiao and xiang rivers xiao xiang ba jing ebrey cambridge illustrated history of china 162 liu 50 sickman 322 paine 20 21 paine 153 154 paine 107 108 paine 269 272 pierce 177 182 watson 42 clark 26 the art of colorado s landscape 9 august 2007 archived from the original on 2015 09 23 retrieved 2015 09 04 the denver post landscape painting the art of colorado s landscape clark 34 references edit clark sir kenneth landscape into art 1949 page refs to penguin edn of 1961 dreikausen margret aerial perception the earth as seen from aircraft and spacecraft and its influence on contemporary art associated university presses cranbury nj london mississauga ontario 1985 isbn 0 87982 040 3 growth paul erling wilson chris everyday america cultural landscape studies after j b jackson 2003 university of california press isbn 0 520 22961 4 9780520229617 google books hugh honour and john fleming a world history of art 1st edn 1982 later editions macmillan london page refs to 1984 macmillan 1st edn paperback isbn 0 333 37185 2 ingold tim being alive 2011 routledge abingdon jackson john b the word itself in the cultural geography reader eds tim oakes patricia lynn price 2008 routledge isbn 1 134 11316 1 9781134113163 paine robert treat in paine r t soper a the art and architecture of japan pelican history of art 3rd ed 1981 penguin now yale history of art isbn 0 14 056108 0 plesu andrei pittoresque et mélancolie une analyse du sentiment de la nature dans la culture européenne somogy éditions d art 2007 reeves eileen painting the heavens art and science in the age of galileo princeton university press princeton 1997 310 pages with bibliographical references and index second printing and first paperback printing 1999 isbn 0 691 00976 isbn check isbn value length help in six main parts introduction the artist and the astronomer chapter i 1599 1602 first reflections on the moon s secondary light chapter ii 1604 1605 neostoicism and the new star chapter iii 1605 1607 mutual illumination chapter iv 1610 1612 in the shadow of the moon chapter v 1614 1621 the buen pintor of seville reitlinger gerald the economics of taste vol i the rise and fall of picture prices 1760 1960 barrie and rockliffe london 1961 sickman laurence in sickman l soper a the art and architecture of china pelican history of art 3rd ed 1971 penguin now yale history of art loc 70 125675 silver larry peasant scenes and landscapes the rise of pictorial genres in the antwerp art market university of pennsylvania press 2012 slive seymour hoetink hendrik richard jacob van ruisdael abbeville press new york 1981 isbn 978 0 89659 226 1 virtual vault an online exhibition of canadian historical art at library and archives canada wilton andrew t j barringer tate britain gallery pennsylvania academy of the fine arts minneapolis institute of arts american sublime landscape painting in the united states 1820 1880 princeton nj princeton university press 2002 watson william style in the arts of china 1974 penguin isbn 0 14 021863 7 watson william the great japan exhibition art of the edo period 1600 1868 1981 royal academy of arts weidenfeld nicolson andrew wilton anne lyles the great age of british watercolours 1750 1880 1993 prestel isbn 3 7913 1254 5 christopher s wood albrecht altdorfer and the origins of landscape 1993 reaktion books london isbn 0 948462 46 9 further reading edit american paradise the world of the hudson river school new york the metropolitan museum of art 1987 isbn 978 0 87099 496 8 büttner nils landscape painting a history new york london 2006 fong wen c et al 2008 landscapes clear and radiant the art of wang hui 1632 1717 new york the metropolitan museum of art isbn 978 1 58839 291 6 the landscape in twentieth century american art selections from the metropolitan museum of art rizzoli ny 1991 isbn 0 8478 1303 7 introduction by robert rosenblum and essays by lowery stokes sims and lisa messinger 1 external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to landscape paintings wikiquote has quotations related to 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