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hern louisiana with large areas of flatwoods and longleaf pine forest 144 145 major cities see also list of municipalities in louisiana list of louisiana metropolitan areas and list of louisiana locations by per capita income louisiana contains 308 incorporated municipalities consisting of four consolidated city parishes and 304 cities towns and villages louisiana s municipalities cover only 7 9 of the state s land mass but are home to 45 3 of its population 146 the majority of urban louisianians live along the coast or in northern louisiana the oldest permanent settlement in the state is nachitoches 147 baton rouge the state capital is the second largest city in the state the most populous city is new orleans as defined by the u s census bureau louisiana contains 10 metropolitan statistical areas major areas include greater new orleans greater baton rouge lafayette shreveport bossier city and slidell largest cities or towns in louisiana source 148 rank name parish pop 1 new orleans orleans 383 997 2 baton rouge east baton rouge 227 470 3 shreveport caddo 187 593 4 lafayette lafayette 121 374 5 lake charles calcasieu 84 872 6 kenner jefferson 66 448 7 bossier city bossier 62 701 8 monroe ouachita 47 702 9 alexandria rapides 45 275 10 houma terrebonne 33 406 demographics main article demographics of louisiana louisiana s population density historical population census pop note 1810 76 556 1820 153 407 100 4 1830 215 739 40 6 1840 352 411 63 4 1850 517 762 46 9 1860 708 002 36 7 1870 726 915 2 7 1880 939 946 29 3 1890 1 118 588 19 0 1900 1 381 625 23 5 1910 1 656 388 19 9 1920 1 798 509 8 6 1930 2 101 593 16 9 1940 2 363 516 12 5 1950 2 683 516 13 5 1960 3 257 022 21 4 1970 3 641 306 11 8 1980 4 205 900 15 5 1990 4 219 973 0 3 2000 4 468 976 5 9 2010 4 533 372 1 4 2020 4 657 757 2 7 2025 est 4 618 189 0 8 sources 1910 2020 149 the majority of the state s population lives in southern louisiana spread throughout greater new orleans the florida parishes and acadiana 150 151 152 while central and north louisiana have been stagnating and losing population 153 from the 2020 u s census louisiana had an apportioned population of 4 661 468 154 155 156 its resident population was 4 657 757 as of 2020 157 in 2010 the state of louisiana had a population of 4 533 372 up from 76 556 in 1810 despite historically positive trends of population growth leading up to the 2020 census louisiana began to experience population decline and stagnation since 2021 with southwest louisiana s calcasieu and cameron parishes losing more than 5 of their populations individually 158 experiencing decline due to deaths and emigration to other states outpacing births and in migration 159 160 161 162 louisiana s 2022 census estimated population was 4 590 241 163 according to immigration statistics in 2019 approximately 4 2 of louisianians were immigrants while 2 were native born u s citizens with at least one immigrant parent the majority of louisianian immigrants came from honduras 18 8 mexico 13 6 vietnam 11 3 cuba 5 8 and india 4 4 an estimated 29 4 were undocumented immigrants 164 its documented and undocumented population collectively paid 1 2 billion in taxes 164 new orleans has been defined as a sanctuary city 165 166 167 the population density of the state is 104 9 people per square mile 168 the center of population of louisiana is located in pointe coupee parish in the city of new roads 169 according to hud s 2022 annual homeless assessment report there were an estimated 7 373 homeless people in louisiana 170 171 in 2022 louisiana had the highest percent of births to unmarried women of any us state at 54 7 percent 172 race and ethnicity map of parishes in louisiana by racial plurality per the 2020 u s census legend the template below col begin is being considered for deletion see templates for discussion to help reach a consensus non hispanic white 40 50 50 60 60 70 70 80 80 90 90 black or african american 40 50 50 60 60 70 70 80 louisiana racial and ethnic composition note the us census bureau treats hispanic latino as an ethnic category this table excludes latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category hispanics latinos may be of any race race ethnicity nh non hispanic pop 1980 173 pop 1990 174 pop 2000 175 pop 2010 176 pop 2020 177 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 white alone nh 2 841 397 2 776 022 2 794 391 2 734 884 2 596 702 67 56 65 78 62 53 60 33 55 75 black or african american alone nh 1 223 552 1 291 470 1 443 390 1 442 420 1 452 420 29 09 30 60 32 30 31 82 31 18 native american or alaska native alone nh 11 748 17 539 24 129 28 092 25 994 0 28 0 42 0 54 0 62 0 56 asian alone nh 23 664 39 302 54 256 69 327 85 336 0 56 0 93 1 21 1 53 1 83 native hawaiian or pacific islander alone nh x 178 x 179 1 076 1 544 1 706 x x 0 02 0 03 0 04 other race alone nh 6 405 2 596 4 736 6 779 16 954 0 15 0 06 0 11 0 15 0 36 mixed race or multiracial nh x 180 x 181 39 260 57 766 156 096 x x 0 88 1 27 3 35 hispanic or latino any race 99 134 93 044 107 738 192 560 322 549 2 36 2 20 2 41 4 25 6 92 total 4 205 900 4 219 973 4 468 976 4 533 372 4 657 757 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 several american indian tribes such as the atakapa and caddo inhabited louisiana before european colonization concentrated along the red river and gulf of mexico 182 183 184 185 at the beginning of french and spanish colonization of louisiana white and black americans began to move into the area 186 187 from french and spanish rule in louisiana they were joined by filipinos germans and spaniards both slave and free who settled in enclaves within the greater new orleans region and acadiana 188 189 190 191 some of the spanish descended communities became the isleños of st bernard parish 53 by the 19th and 20th centuries the state s most populous racial and ethnic group fluctuated between white and black americans 47 of the population was black or african american in 1900 192 the black louisianian population declined following migration to states including new york and california in efforts to flee jim crow regulations 193 at the end of the 20th century louisiana s population has experienced diversification again and its non hispanic or non latino american white population has been declining 151 since 2020 the black or african american population have made up the largest non white share of youths 194 hispanic and latino americans have also increased as the second largest racial and ethnic composition in the state making up nearly 7 of louisiana s population at the 2020 census 151 as of 2018 195 the largest single hispanic and latino american ethnicity were mexican americans 2 0 followed by puerto ricans 0 3 and cuban americans 0 2 other hispanic and latino americans altogether made up 2 6 of louisiana s hispanic or latino american population the asian american and multiracial communities have also experienced rapid growth 151 with many of louisiana s multiracial population identifying as cajun or louisiana creole 196 at the 2019 american community survey the largest ancestry groups of louisiana were african american 31 4 french 9 6 german 6 2 english 4 6 italian 4 2 and scottish 0 9 197 african american and french heritage have been dominant since colonial louisiana as of 2011 49 0 of louisiana s population younger than age 1 were minorities 198 religion religion in louisiana 2020 199 religion percent protestant 53 catholic 22 other christian 1 5 unaffiliated 19 jewish 1 other faith 4 as an ethnically and culturally diverse state pre colonial colonial and present day louisianians have adhered to a variety of religions and spiritual traditions pre colonial and colonial louisianian peoples practiced various native american religions alongside christianity through the establishment of spanish and french missions 200 and other faiths including haitian vodou and louisiana voodoo were introduced to the state and are practiced to the present day 201 in the colonial and present day u s state of louisiana christianity grew to become its predominant religion representing 84 of the adult population in 2014 and 76 5 in 2020 202 199 during two separate studies by the pew research center and public religion research institute antioch baptist church in shreveport among its christian population and in common with other southern u s states the majority particularly in the north of the state belong to various protestant denominations protestantism was introduced to the state in the 1800s with baptists establishing two churches in 1812 followed by methodists episcopalians first entered the state by 1805 203 protestant christians made up 57 of the state s adult population at the 2014 pew research center study and 53 at the 2020 public religion research institute s study protestants are concentrated in north louisiana central louisiana and the northern tier of the florida parishes because of french and spanish heritage and their descendants the creoles and later irish italian portuguese and german immigrants southern louisiana and greater new orleans are predominantly catholic in contrast according to the 2020 public religion research institute study 22 of the adult population were catholic 199 since creoles were the first settlers planters and leaders of the territory they have traditionally been well represented in politics for instance most of the early governors were creole catholics instead of protestants 200 as catholics continue to constitute a significant fraction of louisiana s population they have continued to be influential in state politics the high proportion and influence of the catholic population makes louisiana distinct among southern states c the roman catholic archdiocese of new orleans diocese of baton rouge and diocese of lafayette in louisiana are the largest catholic jurisdictions in the state located within the greater new orleans greater baton rouge and lafayette metropolitan statistical areas cathedral basilica of st louis in new orleans louisiana was among the southern states with a significant jewish population before the 20th century virginia south carolina and georgia also had influential jewish populations in some of their major cities from the 18th and 19th centuries the earliest jewish colonists were sephardic jews who immigrated to the thirteen colonies later in the 19th century german jews began to immigrate followed by those from eastern europe and the russian empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries jewish communities have been established in the state s larger cities notably new orleans and baton rouge 204 205 the most significant of these is the jewish community of the new orleans area in 2000 before the 2005 hurricane katrina its population was about 12 000 dominant jewish movements in the state include orthodox and reform judaism reform judaism was the largest jewish tradition in the state according to the association of religion data archives in 2020 representing some 5 891 jews 206 prominent jews in louisiana s political leadership have included whig later democrat judah p benjamin who represented louisiana in the u s senate before the american civil war and then became the confederate secretary of state democrat turned republican michael hahn who was elected as governor serving 1864 1865 when louisiana was occupied by the union army and later elected in 1884 as a u s congressman 207 democrat adolph meyer confederate army officer who represented the state in the u s house of representatives from 1891 until his death in 1908 republican secretary of state jay dardenne and republican democrat before 2011 attorney general buddy caldwell other non christian and non jewish religions with a continuous historical presence in the state have been islam buddhism and hinduism in the shreveport bossier city metropolitan area muslims made up an estimated 14 of louisiana s total muslim population as of 2014 208 in 2020 the association of religion data archives estimated there were 24 732 muslims living in the state 206 the largest islamic denominations in the major metropolises of louisiana were sunni islam non denominational islam and quranism shia islam and the nation of islam 209 among louisiana s irreligious community 2 affiliated with atheism and 13 claimed no religion as of 2014 an estimated 10 of the state s population practiced nothing in particular at the 2014 study according to the public religion research institute in 2020 19 were religiously unaffiliated 199 economy see also louisiana locations by per capita income and agriculture in louisiana cargo ship at the port of new orleans louisiana s population agricultural products abundance of oil and natural gas and southern louisiana s medical and technology corridors have contributed to its growing and diversifying economy 210 in 2014 louisiana was ranked as one of the most small business friendly states based on a study drawing upon data from more than 12 000 small business owners 211 in 2025 99 5 of businesses in louisiana were small businesses and employed 54 1 of the state s work force 212 the state s principal agricultural products include seafood it is the biggest producer of crawfish in the world supplying approximately 90 cotton soybeans cattle sugarcane poultry and eggs dairy products and rice among its energy and other industries chemical products petroleum and coal products processed foods transportation equipment and paper products have contributed to a significant portion of the state s gsp tourism and gaming are also important elements in the economy especially in greater new orleans 213 the port of south louisiana located on the mississippi river between new orleans and baton rouge was the largest volume shipping port in the western hemisphere and 4th largest in the world as well as the largest bulk cargo port in the u s in 2004 214 the port of south louisiana continued to be the busiest port by tonnage in the u s through 2018 215 south louisiana was number 15 among world ports in 2016 216 tabasco varieties produced in louisiana new orleans shreveport and baton rouge are home to a thriving film industry 217 state financial incentives since 2002 and aggressive promotion have given louisiana the nickname hollywood south because of its distinctive culture within the united states only alaska is louisiana s rival in popularity as a setting for reality television programs 218 in late 2007 and early 2008 a 300 000 square foot 28 000 m 2 film studio was scheduled to open in tremé with state of the art production facilities and a film training institute 219 tabasco sauce which is marketed by one of the united states biggest producers of hot sauce the mcilhenny company originated on avery island 220 according to the u s bureau of economic analysis in 2025 louisiana s gross state product was 340 billion 221 louisiana s per capita personal income was 63 940 in 2025 221 the median household income was 51 073 while the national average was 65 712 at the 2019 american community surv...
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