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arl of arundel b c 1313 in 1345 7 mary b c 1319 21 married henry percy b c 1320 21 in 1334 there is often confusion about the order in which henry of lancaster and maud chaworth s six daughters were born but in fact it s perfectly clear from henry s will of 8 september 1345 which lists them in birth order and names them as blanche wake isabella maud joan alianore countess of arundel and mary percy 2 genealogical sites often put isabella the second daughter lower down the birth order and state that she was born in 1317 but as she is known to have gone on pilgrimage that year see below that s impossible blanche the eldest daughter was named after her paternal grandmother blanche of artois queen of navarre and countess of lancaster and isabella the second was named after her maternal grandmother isabella beauchamp lady chaworth and despenser d 1306 which is indirect confirmation that she was indeed the second daughter the only uncertainty is where to place the only son henry of grosmont in the birth order whether he had three older and three younger sisters or two older and four younger maud chaworth died in 1322 when her youngest child mary was perhaps only a toddler though her eldest blanche had been married for six years by then her widower henry outlived her by almost a quarter of a century though never remarried henry of lancaster related to his children as individuals not merely as pawns to use in the noble marriage market one example is that he allowed his second daughter isabella of lancaster to become a nun the children of the medieval nobility often went into the church but it was far more usual for a younger daughter or son to do so not a second daughter who would almost always be expected to marry normally it would have been one of the youngest lancaster daughters eleanor or mary who was given to the church this suggests that isabella had a vocation which her father accepted and encouraged she went on pilgrimage with edward ii s sister mary a nun of amesbury albeit one without much of a vocation and their niece elizabeth de burgh née de clare in 1317 when she was about ten or twelve years old and her wish to do so might have been one of the early signs of her religious devotion 3 isabella was perhaps already living at amesbury priory then at least sometimes though officially entered ten years later on ascension day in 1327 she was one of thirty six girls and young women to do so on that day by which time she must have been at the end of her teens or in her early twenties 4 there was a flurry of activity in the lancaster family in 1327 once henry was restored to his rightful inheritance from his executed older brother thomas early in edward iii s reign and things returned to something at least vaguely approaching normality after all the chaos of edward ii s reign in early 1327 henry s niece queen isabella granted him the marriage rights of two important young noblemen john mowbray son and heir of lord mowbray executed 1322 and william de burgh heir to his late grandfather s earldom of ulster and to his wealthy mother elizabeth de burgh with whom isabella of lancaster had gone on pilgrimage in 1317 5 henry married his third daughter maud to william de burgh who was born in september 1312 and his fourth daughter joan to john mowbray who was born in november 1310 in short he may have matched the couples by personality rather than merely assigning the third daughter to the elder of his two wards and the fourth daughter to the younger perhaps he thought that maud who had a stronger and more outgoing personality than her quiet younger sister joan was better equipped to handle leaving england for ireland and to deal with the conflicts and troubles faced by the anglo irish nobility there kenneth fowler biographer of henry of lancaster and maud chaworth s only son and heir henry of grosmont pointed out many years ago that the five of henry of lancaster s daughters who married continued living with him even after they had wed by 1334 all the lancaster siblings except the nun isabella were married yet they and their spouses spent most of their time living with henry even blanche who had married as early as 1316 6 mary the sixth daughter and youngest lancaster sibling stayed with her father until she married henry percy in 1334 and for some years afterwards as well and a surviving account of henry s second daughter isabella the nun shows that she regularly left amesbury priory to stay with her father for long periods 7 this would normally not have been allowed but as henry of lancaster was powerful wealthy and royal it was permitted for pretty much the same reasons that edward ii s sister mary was allowed to leave amesbury and visit her father s and brother s courts whenever she felt like it during one year in the early 1330s isabella of lancaster stayed with her father for a total of ninety six days at kenilworth and the next year visited henry at tutbury and kenilworth for a few weeks she stayed with him on yet another occasion in 1334 accompanied by the ladies of her chamber on the way back to amesbury after one visit her eldest sister blanche lady wake travelled with isabella and ended up staying at the priory with her for at least six months she paid some of her own expenses isabella left the priory yet again in 1336 and travelled from york to leicester with her second youngest sister eleanor the fifth lancaster daughter eleanor and mary sent letters to isabella at amesbury priory in 1334 and in the same year isabella sent gifts for mary s wedding to henry percy future lord percy henry of lancaster s only son and heir henry of grosmont married isabella second daughter of edward ii s kinsman henry lord beaumont in 1330 and in the same year the fifth lancaster daughter eleanor married isabella s brother john future lord beaumont their father s heir henry beaumont fled to the continent and spent much of the period 1329 30 outside england after making his opposition to the regime of queen isabella and roger mortimer known and henry earl of lancaster took beaumont s family under his protection henry of grosmont and his young wife isabella beaumont spent much time with his father sisters and brothers in law over the next few years grosmont was at leicester with his wife isabella his father and his sisters blanche and eleanor in june and september 1330 was with his father at kenilworth in september 1333 and june 1338 and with him again on numerous other occasions the lancaster siblings attended a famous jousting tournament at cheapside in london in september 1331 together and in april 1348 blanche lady wake and her niece elizabeth de burgh b july 1332 maud s only child from her first marriage to william de burgh d june 1333 watched henry of grosmont compete in a tournament at lichfield william sometimes lived in ireland but on other occasions lived with the lancasters he visited a jousting tournament with his brother in law grosmont in february 1328 and was still with the lancasters in june that year 8 as well as being extremely close to their father the lancaster siblings also often visited wrote to and demonstrated their affection for each other in february 1332 henry of grosmont and eleanor of lancaster stayed with their sister blanche wake at deeping in lincolnshire and blanche s husband thomas wake was one of the men who accompanied grosmont to spain in 1343 wake on excellent terms with his father in law henry earl of lancaster for many years and a member of his council visited henry in leicester in july 1339 and gave him one of his manors in yorkshire 9 like henry beaumont thomas wake fled from england in early 1330 after taking part in the conspiracy of the earl of kent his sister margaret s husband and returned in november 1330 his wife blanche spent the period with her father and siblings and attended the weddings of her siblings henry of grosmont and eleanor to the beaumont siblings that year there was a considerable age difference between blanche the eldest lancaster sister and her youngest siblings and she was probably just about old enough to be eleanor and mary s mother despite being practically another generation to her youngest sisters she was remarkably close to them isabella of lancaster the nun of amesbury kept in touch with blanche lady wake by letter and the two eldest siblings seem to have been particularly close in the early 1330s they visited salisbury winchester and king s somborne in hampshire a manor which had belonged to their late mother maud chaworth now held by their father together as well as spending at least half a year in each other s company at amesbury priory eleanor dowager lady beaumont stayed in melton mowbray leicestershire with the fourth sister joan and her husband lord mowbray in september 1343 and in january 1345 visited her father in leicester with her soon to be second husband the earl of arundel shortly before they wed 10 the third sister maud of lancaster visited the papal court at avignon in 1343 and made requests of the pope on behalf of henry earl of lancaster her father and eleanor beaumont her sister 11 henry of grosmont talked in 1344 of his sincere affection for his dearly beloved sister isabella when granting a favour to amesbury priory and when his sister maud was widowed for a second time and left with a baby daughter maud ufford future countess of oxford in 1346 grosmont and his household officials helped her look after her affairs 12 in 1337 grosmont gave his eldest sister blanche and her husband thomas wake one of his manors to pass after their deaths to thomas s foundation of haltemprice priory in yorkshire and in 1361 he appointed blanche as one of the executors of his will a clear sign of his trust in her of his six sisters grosmont seems to have spent the most time with eleanor perhaps because they were married to the siblings isabella and john beaumont and because her second husband the earl of arundel was a close associate of his 13 five of henry of lancaster and maud chaworth s seven children had children of their own the exceptions being the two eldest isabella was a nun and then a prioress and blanche s marriage of more than thirty years to lord wake produced no offspring one thing that strikes me is that in all cases there was a delay of a few years between their wedding and their first pregnancy and not all of the delay can be explained by the girls youth when they married eleanor was born around 1316 18 married her first husband john beaumont in 1330 when they were both about 12 or 13 and had her first child henry beaumont in late 1339 or early 1340 mary was born around 1319 21 married henry percy in 1334 and had her first child henry percy the younger future first earl of northumberland in november 1341 joan married john mowbray in 1328 and gave birth to her only son john mowbray the younger in june 1340 when she was at least twenty five though her two daughters may have been older maud married william de burgh in 1327 and had her first child elizabeth de burgh in july 1332 and isabella beaumont married henry of grosmont in 1330 and their first surviving child maud of lancaster was born in april 1340 though another daughter is mentioned in 1338 39 who must have died in infancy seemingly henry of lancaster encouraged his children and their spouses not to rush into parenthood henry earl of lancaster and leicester died on 22 september 1345 and was outlived by all seven of his children isabella the second sister prioress of amesbury was alive on 30 january 1348 but died before 4 february 1349 14 joan the fourth sister lady mowbray died on 7 july 1348 7 july 1349 or 7 july 1350 in early 1348 john mowbray and joan his wife johane sa femme presented a petition to edward iii so she was obviously still alive then but by early march 1351 her widower john mowbray had married his much younger second wife elizabeth daughter of john de vere earl of oxford b 1312 joan of lancaster definitely died on 7 july the feast of the translation of st thomas becket the date is given in the sarum missal translacio sancti thome martyris obitus domine iohanne domine de moubray filie comitis lancastriae but no year is provided 15 henry of grosmont duke of lancaster and earl of leicester lincoln and derby was the third of the lancaster siblings to pass away dying in his town of leicester on 23 march 1361 among other sources which confirm henry s exact date of death the 23rd of march is also recorded in the sarum missal the youngest sibling mary lady percy died eighteen months later on 1 september 1362 just six days before edward iii s sister joan of the tower queen of scotland also died eleanor countess of arundel and lady beaumont died on 11 january 1372 and maud dowager countess of ulster and lady ufford on 5 may 1377 a few weeks before her kinsman edward iii blanche lady wake eldest of the siblings was the last of them to die and finally passed away between 3 and 11 july 1380 when she must have been at least 75 and perhaps closer to 80 her heir by blood was her brother henry s namesake grandson henry of lancaster earl of derby b 1367 who became henry iv in 1399 and the heir to the dower lands she held from her long dead husband thomas wake was thomas s niece joan of kent dowager princess of wales richard ii s mother sources 1 calendar of patent rolls 1281 92 p 464 cpr 1292 1301 p 239 2 early lincoln wills an abstract of all the wills and administrations recorded in the episcopal registers of the diocese of lincoln 1280 1547 ed alfred gibbons lincoln 1888 p 18 3 the national archives e 101 377 2 4 j e jackson consecration of nuns at ambresbury a d 1327 the wiltshire archaeological and natural history magazine vol 18 1879 p 287 a fragment of an account of isabel of lancaster nun of amesbury 1333 4 ed r b pugh in festschrift zur feier des zweihundertjährigen bestandes des haus hof und staatsarchivs vol 1 ed leo santifaller vienna 1949 p 487 5 calendar of patent rolls 1327 30 pp 8 26 6 kenneth fowler the king s lieutenant henry of grosmont first duke of lancaster 1310 1361 1969 p 27 7 a fragment of an account of isabel of lancaster pp 487 98 8 fowler the king s lieutenant p 27 kenneth fowler henry of grosmont first duke of lancaster 1310 1361 phd thesis university of leeds 1961 pp 19 542 44 the national archives dl 25 966 751 dl 25 2184 dl 25 2061 9 fowler henry of grosmont first duke of lancaster 1310 1361 pp 20 155 note 2 tna dl 25 964 749 10 a fragment of an account pp 489 491 92 496 497 tna sc 1 39 143 warwickshire county record office cr 162 238 11 petitions to the pope 1342 1419 ed w h bliss p 31 12 a fragment of an account p 493 fowler henry of grosmont first duke of lancaster 1310 1361 pp 590 91 cpr 1345 48 pp 96 372 401 449 50 470 cpr 1348 50 p 97 13 tna dl 25 330 a collection of all the wills now known to be extant of the kings and queens of england ed john nichols and richard gough london 1780 p 86 fowler king s lieutenant p 216 14 calendar of close rolls 1346 49 ...
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