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a kiswahili ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ ślůnski தமிழ் తెలుగు тоҷикӣ ไทย türkmençe tagalog tolışi toki pona türkçe xitsonga татарча tatarça chitumbuka удмурт ئۇيغۇرچە uyghurche українська اردو oʻzbekcha ўзбекча vèneto vepsän kel tiếng việt volapük winaray wolof 吴语 მარგალური ייִדיש yorùbá vahcuengh zeêuws ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ 文言 閩南語 bân lâm gí 粵語 中文 isizulu edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikinews wikiquote wikivoyage wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide coordinates 4 35 s 55 40 e 4 583 s 55 667 e 4 583 55 667 from wikipedia the free encyclopedia island country in the indian ocean this article is about the country for the ship see hms seychelles for the album see seychelles album for the french commune see seychalles republic of seychelles in other official languages seselwa creole french repiblik sesel french république des seychelles flag coat of arms motto finis coronat opus latin the end crowns the work anthem koste seselwa seychellois creole unite seychellois location of seychelles dark blue in africa light blue dark grey in the african union light blue capital and largest city victoria 4 37 s 55 27 e 4 617 s 55 450 e 4 617 55 450 official languages creole english french 1 minority language tamil ethnic groups 97 seychellois creoles a 3 others b religion 2022 3 74 9 christianity 5 4 hinduism 2 4 islam 5 1 other 12 2 not stated demonyms seychellois seychelloise seselwa creole government unitary presidential republic president patrick herminie vice president sebastien pillay speaker of the national assembly azarel ernesta legislature national assembly independence from the united kingdom independence declared 29 june 1976 area total 457 km 2 176 sq mi 181st water negligible population 2024 estimate 121 355 4 200th density 262 3 km 2 679 4 sq mi 67th gdp ppp 2026 estimate total 4 490 billion 5 177th per capita 43 850 5 49th gdp nominal 2026 estimate total 2 250 billion 5 186th per capita 21 940 5 50th gini 2019 32 1 6 medium inequality hdi 2023 0 848 7 very high 54th currency seychellois rupee scr time zone utc 04 00 sct calling code 248 iso 3166 code sc internet tld sc seychelles c s eɪ ˈ ʃ ɛ l z ⓘ ˈ s eɪ ʃ ɛ l z 9 10 french sɛʃɛl 11 12 13 or seʃɛl 14 officially the republic of seychelles french république des seychelles seychellois creole repiblik sesel 15 is an archipelagic country consisting of 115 islands 16 in the indian ocean its capital and largest city victoria is 1 500 kilometres 800 nautical miles east of mainland africa nearby island countries and territories include the maldives comoros madagascar mauritius and the french overseas departments of mayotte and réunion to the south and the chagos archipelago to the east seychelles is the smallest country in africa as well as the least populated sovereign african country with an estimated population of 100 600 in 2022 17 the seychelles archipelago was uninhabited prior to sustained external contact although arab and swahili sailors likely knew of the islands earlier through indian ocean trade routes there is no evidence of permanent settlement before european involvement the islands were first recorded by europeans in the 16th century but were not settled until the 18th century when france formally claimed them during the period of french colonization enslaved africans were brought to the islands for plantation labor many had already been captured and enslaved through existing african arab slave trade or indian ocean slave trade it faced competing french and british interests until it came under full british control in the early 19th century after britain assumed control in the early 19th century slavery was abolished and later replaced in part by indentured laborers from india since proclaiming independence from the united kingdom in 1976 it has developed from a largely agricultural society to a market based diversified economy characterized by service public sector and tourism activities from 1976 to 2015 nominal gdp grew nearly 700 and purchasing power parity nearly 1600 since the late 2010s the government has taken steps to encourage foreign investment as of the early 21st century seychelles has the highest nominal per capita gdp and the highest human development index ranking of any african country 18 according to the 2024 v dem democracy indices seychelles is the 43rd ranked electoral democracy worldwide the 1st ranked liberal democracy in africa and the 2nd ranked electoral democracy on the continent 19 seychellois culture and society is an eclectic mix of french british indian and african influences with infusions of chinese elements the country is a member of the united nations the african union the southern african development community and the commonwealth of nations history edit main article history of seychelles the first europeans to discover the seychelles were the 4th portuguese india armada led by vasco da gama seychelles praslin silhouette and others adjacent islands in the indian ocean by captain d crichton 1751 25 july 1774 early history edit seychelles was uninhabited throughout most of recorded history although simulations of austronesian migration patterns indicate a good probability that they visited the islands 20 tombs visible until 1910 at anse lascars on silhouette island have also been conjectured to belong to later maldivian and arab traders visiting the archipelago 21 vasco da gama and his 4th portuguese india armada discovered the seychelles on 15 march 1503 the first sighting was made by thomé lopes aboard rui mendes de brito da gama s ships passed close to an elevated island probably silhouette island and the following day desroches island later the portuguese mapped a group of seven islands and named them the seven sisters 22 the earliest recorded landing was in january 1609 by the crew of the ascension under captain alexander sharpeigh during the fourth voyage of the british east india company a transit point for trade between africa and asia the islands were said to be occasionally used by pirates until the french began to take control in 1756 when a stone of possession was laid on mahé by captain corneille nicholas morphey the islands were named after french politician jean moreau de séchelles and were formally part of the colony of isle de france 23 in august 1770 the french ship thélémaque under captain leblanc lécore landed 15 white settlers and 13 african and indian slaves on ste anne island 24 during the french revolutionary wars the royal navy frigate hms orpheus under captain henry newcombe arrived at mahé on 16 may 1794 jean baptiste quéau de quinssy fr the senior administrator in the seychelles refused to resist orpheus and instead successfully negotiated with the british resulting the islands remaining under french control as neutral territory after british forces completed their invasion of isle de france in december 1810 they assumed control over the seychelles which was formalised in the 1814 treaty of paris that ended the war of the sixth coalition seychelles became a separate crown colony from mauritius in 1903 elections in seychelles were held in 1966 and 1970 seychellois stamps with portrait of queen elizabeth ii victoria seychelles 1900s independence edit in 1976 seychelles gained independence from the united kingdom as a republic it has since become a member of the commonwealth 25 in the 1970s seychelles was the place to be seen a playground for film stars and the international jet set 26 in 1977 a coup d état by france albert rené ousted the first president of the republic james mancham 27 rené discouraged over dependence on tourism and declared that he wanted to keep seychelles for the seychellois 26 the 1979 constitution declared a socialist one party state which lasted until 1991 28 in the 1980s there were a series of coup attempts against president rené some of which were supported by south africa in 1981 mike hoare led a team of 43 south african mercenaries masquerading as holidaying rugby players in the 1981 seychelles coup d état attempt 26 there was a gun battle at the airport and most of the mercenaries later escaped in a hijacked air india plane 26 the leader of this hijacking was german mercenary d clodo a former member of the rhodesian sas 29 clodo later stood trial in south africa where he was acquitted as well as in his home country germany for air piracy 30 in 1986 an attempted coup led by the seychelles minister of defence ogilvy berlouis caused president rené to request assistance from india in operation flowers are blooming the indian navy s nilgiri class frigate vindhyagiri arrived in port victoria to help avert the coup 31 the first draft of a new constitution failed to receive the requisite 60 of voters in 1992 but an amended version was approved in 1993 32 in january 2013 seychelles declared a state of emergency when the tropical cyclone felleng caused torrential rain and flooding and landslides destroyed hundreds of houses 33 34 following the coup in 1977 the president always represented the same political party until the october 2020 seychellois general election which was historic in that the opposition party won wavel ramkalawan was the first president who did not represent united seychelles the current name of the former seychelles people s progressive front 35 36 in january 2023 seychelles announced its final stages of completing its marine spatial plan it would become the second largest ocean area at 1 35 million km 2 520 000 sq mi behind norway in support of its blue economy 37 in october 2025 presidential runoff was won by former parliamentary speaker and main opposition leader patrick herminie meaning herminie s party united seychelles us returned to power 38 on 26 october 2025 patrick herminie was sworn in as seychelles sixth president 39 politics edit main article politics of seychelles the seychelles president who is head of state and head of government is elected by popular vote for a five year term of office the cabinet is presided over and appointed by the president subject to the approval of a majority of the legislature as of 2026 the president is patrick herminie the unicameral seychellois parliament the national assembly or assemblée nationale consists of 35 members 26 of whom are elected directly by popular vote while the remaining nine seats are appointed proportionally according to the percentage of votes received by each party all members serve five year terms the supreme court of seychelles created in 1903 is the highest trial court in seychelles and the first court of appeal from all the lower courts and tribunals the highest court of law in seychelles is the seychelles court of appeal which is the court of final appeal in the country 40 political culture edit president james michel in his office in victoria 2009 seychelles long term president france albert rené came to power after his supporters overthrew the first president james mancham on 5 june 1977 in a coup d état and installed him as president rené was at that time the prime minister rené ruled as a strongman under a socialist one party system until 1993 when he was forced to introduce a multi party system he stepped down in 2004 in favour of his vice president james michel who was re elected in 2006 2011 and again in 2015 41 42 43 44 on 28 september 2016 the office of the president announced that michel would step down effective 16 october and that vice president danny faure would complete the rest of michel s term 45 on 26 october 2020 wavel ramkalawan a 59 year old anglican priest was elected the fifth president of the republic of seychelles ramkalawan was an opposition mp from 1993 to 2011 and from 2016 to 2020 he served as the leader of the opposition from 1998 to 2011 and from 2016 to 2020 ramkalawan defeated incumbent danny faure by 54 9 to 43 5 this marked the first time the opposition had won a presidential election in seychelles 46 47 the primary political parties are the former long time ruling socialist people s party pp known until 2009 as the seychelles people s progressive front sppf now called united seychelles us and the socially liberal seychelles national party snp 48 the election of the national assembly was held on 22 24 october 2020 the seychelles national party the seychelles party for social justice and democracy and the seychelles united party formed a coalition linyon demokratik seselwa lds lds won 25 seats and us got 10 seats of the 35 seats of the national assembly 49 however in the 2025 seychellois general election united seychelles won 15 out of 26 seats in the parliament 50 foreign relations edit further information foreign relations of seychelles seychelles is a member of the united nations the african union the indian ocean commission la francophonie the southern african development community and the commonwealth of nations between 1979 and 1983 various plots to overthrow the non aligned government of france albert rené were according to leading participants supported by the united states france and south africa commonly cited reasons for such attempts include rené s socialist politics his non aligned stance toward the western and eastern blocs and the united states military lease in the country which was set to expire in 1990 all coup efforts in this period failed 51 under the obama administration the us began running drone operations out of seychelles 52 in the spring of 2013 members of the special purpose marine air ground task force africa mentored troops in seychelles along with a variety of other african nations 52 military edit main article seychelles people s defence force the military of seychelles is the seychelles people s defence force which consists of a number of distinct branches an infantry unit and coast guard air force and a presidential protection unit india has played and continues to play a key role in developing the military of seychelles after handing over two sdb mk5 patrol vessels built by grse the ins tarasa and ins tarmugli to the seychelles coast guard which were subsequently renamed ps constant and ps topaz india also gifted a dornier 228 aircraft built by hindustan aeronautics limited 53 india also signed a pact to develop assumption island spread over 11 km 2 4 sq mi it is strategically located in the indian ocean north of madagascar the island is being leased for the development of strategic assets by india 54 in 2018 seychelles signed the un treaty on the prohibition of nuclear weapons 55 56 incarceration edit further information list of countries by incarceration rate in 2014 seychelles had the highest incarceration rate in the world of 799 prisoners per 100 000 population exceeding the united states rate by 15 57 however the country s a...
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