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description= Time zone database and code. Contribute to eggert/tz development by creating an account on GitHub.;
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Text of the page (random words):
3 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000 tzdb data for north and central america and environs this file is in the public domain so clarified as of 2009 05 17 by arthur david olson also includes central america and the caribbean this file is by no means authoritative if you think you know better go ahead and edit the file and please send any changes to the public mailing list tz iana org for general use in the future for more please see the file contributing in the tz distribution from paul eggert 1999 03 22 a reliable and entertaining source about time zones is derek howse greenwich time and longitude philip wilson publishers 1997 united states from paul eggert 1999 03 31 howse writes pp 121 125 that time zones were invented by professor charles ferdinand dowd 1825 1904 principal of temple grove ladies seminary saratoga springs ny his pamphlet a system of national time for railroads 1870 was the result of his proposals at the convention of railroad trunk lines in new york city 1869 10 his 1870 proposal was based on washington dc but in 1872 05 he moved the proposed origin to greenwich from paul eggert 2024 11 18 dowd s proposal left many details unresolved such as where to draw lines between time zones sandford fleming of the canadian pacific railway argued for dowd s proposal in 1876 and cleveland abbe of the american meteorology society published a report in 1879 recommending four us time zones based on gmt however the key individual who made time zones work in the us was william frederick allen railway engineer managing editor of the travelers guide and secretary of the general time convention a railway standardization group allen spent months in dialogs with scientific and railway leaders developed a workable plan to institute time zones and presented it to the general time convention on 1883 04 11 saying that his plan meant local time would be practically abolished a plus for railway scheduling by the next convention on 1883 10 11 nearly all railroads had agreed and it took effect on 1883 11 18 that sunday was called the day of two noons as some locations observed noon twice allen witnessed the transition in new york city writing i heard the bells of st paul s strike on the old time four minutes later obedient to the electrical signal from the naval observatory the time ball made its rapid descent the chimes of old trinity rang twelve measured strokes and local time was abandoned probably forever most of the us soon followed suit see bartky ir the adoption of standard time technol cult 1989 jan 30 1 25 56 https dx doi org 10 2307 3105430 from paul eggert 2005 04 16 that 1883 transition occurred at 12 00 new time not at 12 00 old time see p 46 of david prerau seize the daylight thunder s mouth press 2005 from paul eggert 2006 03 22 a good source for time zone historical data in the us is thomas g shanks the american atlas 5th edition san diego acs publications inc 1991 make sure you have the errata sheet the book is somewhat useless without it it is the source for most of the pre 1991 us entries below from paul eggert 2001 03 06 daylight saving time was first suggested as a joke by benjamin franklin in his whimsical essay an economical project for diminishing the cost of light published in the journal de paris 1784 04 26 not everyone is happy with the results i don t really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some agreement about it but i object to being told that i am saving daylight when my reason tells me that i am doing nothing of the kind i even object to the implication that i am wasting something valuable if i stay in bed after the sun has risen as an admirer of moonlight i resent the bossy insistence of those who want to reduce my time for enjoying it at the back of the daylight saving scheme i detect the bony blue fingered hand of puritanism eager to push people into bed earlier and get them up earlier to make them healthy wealthy and wise in spite of themselves robertson davies the diary of samuel marchbanks clarke irwin 1947 xix sunday for more about the first ten years of dst in the united states see robert garland ten years of daylight saving from the pittsburgh standpoint carnegie library of pittsburgh 1927 https web archive org web 20160517155308 http www clpgh org exhibit dst html shanks says that dst was called war time in the us in 1918 and 1919 however dst was imposed by the standard time act of 1918 which was the first nationwide legal time standard and apparently time was just called standard time or daylight saving time from paul eggert 2019 06 04 and tim parenti 2026 07 21 here is the legal basis for the us federal rules public law 65 106 1918 03 19 implemented standard and daylight saving time for the first time across the us springing forward on march s last sunday and falling back on october s last sunday https www loc gov law help statutes at large 65th congress session 2 c65s2ch24 pdf public law 66 40 1919 08 20 repealed dst on october 1919 s last sunday https www loc gov law help statutes at large 66th congress session 1 c66s1ch51 pdf public law 77 403 1942 01 20 started wartime dst on 1942 02 09 https www loc gov law help statutes at large 77th congress session 2 c77s2ch7 pdf public law 79 187 1945 09 25 ended wartime dst on 1945 09 30 https www loc gov law help statutes at large 79th congress session 1 c79s1ch388 pdf public law 89 387 1966 04 13 reinstituted a national standard for dst from april s last sunday to october s last sunday effective 1967 https www govinfo gov content pkg statute 80 pdf statute 80 pg107 pdf public law 93 182 1973 12 15 applied dst year round as an emergency measure it took effect on the fourth sunday after its enactment effectively moving the 1974 spring forward to 01 06 https www govinfo gov content pkg statute 87 pdf statute 87 pg707 pdf it was meant to last for 16 months or two winters through 1975 04 27 however public law 93 434 1974 10 05 created an exemption for much of the second winter restoring standard time from the usual date of 1974 10 27 while moving the 1975 spring forward up to february s last sunday https www govinfo gov content pkg statute 88 pdf statute 88 pg1209 pdf public law 99 359 1986 07 08 moved the spring forward to april s first sunday https www govinfo gov content pkg statute 100 pdf statute 100 pg764 pdf public law 109 58 2005 08 08 effective 2007 moved the spring forward to march s second sunday and the fall back to november s first sunday https www govinfo gov content pkg plaw 109publ58 pdf plaw 109publ58 pdf all transitions are at 02 00 local time from arthur david olson before the uniform time act of 1966 took effect in 1967 observance of daylight saving time in the us was by local option except during wartime from arthur david olson 2000 09 25 last night i heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 arch oboler radio drama in the introduction oboler spoke of eastern peace time an altavista search turned up https web archive org web 20000926032210 http rowayton org rhs hstaug45 html when the time is announced over the radio now it is eastern peace time instead of the old familiar eastern war time peace is wonderful august 1945 by way of confirmation from paul eggert 2017 09 23 this was the v j day issue of the clamdigger a rowayton ct newsletter from joseph gallant citing george h douglas _the early days of radio broadcasting_ 1987 at 7 p m eastern war time on 1945 08 14 the networks were set to switch to london for attlee s address but the american people never got to hear his speech live according to one press account cbs bob trout was first to announce the word of japan s surrender but a few seconds later nbc abc and mutual also flashed the word of surrender all of whom interrupting the bells of big ben in london which were to precede mr attlee s speech from paul eggert 2003 02 09 it was robert st john not bob trout from myrna oliver s obituary of st john on page b16 of today s los angeles times a war weary u s clung to radios awaiting word of japan s surrender any announcement from asia would reach st john s new york newsroom on a wire service teletype machine which had prescribed signals for major news associated press for example would ring five bells before spewing out typed copy of an important story and 10 bells for news of transcendental importance on aug 14 stalling while talking steadily into the nbc networks open microphone st john heard five bells and waited only to hear a sixth bell before announcing confidently ladies and gentlemen world war ii is over the japanese have agreed to our surrender terms he had scored a 20 second scoop on other broadcasters from arthur david olson 2005 08 22 paul has been careful to use the us rules only in those locations that are part of the united states this reflects the real scope of u s government action so even though the us rules have changed in the latest release other countries won t be affected rule name from to in on at save letter s rule us 1918 1919 mar lastsun 2 00 1 00 d rule us 1918 1919 oct lastsun 2 00 0 s rule us 1942 only feb 9 2 00 1 00 w war rule us 1945 only aug 14 23 00u 1 00 p peace rule us 1945 only sep 30 2 00 0 s rule us 1967 2006 oct lastsun 2 00 0 s rule us 1967 1973 apr lastsun 2 00 1 00 d rule us 1974 only jan 6 2 00 1 00 d rule us 1975 only feb lastsun 2 00 1 00 d rule us 1976 1986 apr lastsun 2 00 1 00 d rule us 1987 2006 apr sun 1 2 00 1 00 d rule us 2007 max mar sun 8 2 00 1 00 d rule us 2007 max nov sun 1 2 00 0 s from u s naval observatory 1989 01 19 usa eastern 5 h behind utc new york washington usa eastern 4 h behind utc apr 3 oct 30 usa central 6 h behind utc chicago houston usa central 5 h behind utc apr 3 oct 30 usa mountain 7 h behind utc denver usa mountain 6 h behind utc apr 3 oct 30 usa pacific 8 h behind utc l a san francisco usa pacific 7 h behind utc apr 3 oct 30 usa alaska std 9 h behind utc most of alaska akst usa alaska std 8 h behind utc apr 3 oct 30 akdt usa aleutian 10 h behind utc islands west of 170w usa 9 h behind utc apr 3 oct 30 usa hawaii 10 h behind utc usa bering 11 h behind utc samoa midway from arthur david olson 1989 01 21 the above dates are for 1988 note the akst and akdt abbreviations the claim that there s no dst in samoa and the claim that there is dst in alaska and the aleutians from arthur david olson 1988 02 13 legal standard time zone names from united states code 1982 edition and supplement iii title 15 chapter 6 section 260 and forward first names up to 1967 04 01 when most provisions of the uniform time act of 1966 took effect as explained in sections 263 and 261 none united states standard eastern time united states standard mountain time united states standard central time united states standard pacific time none united states standard alaska time none next names from 1967 04 01 until 1983 11 30 the date for public law 98 181 atlantic standard time eastern standard time central standard time mountain standard time pacific standard time yukon standard time alaska hawaii standard time bering standard time and after 1983 11 30 atlantic standard time eastern standard time central standard time mountain standard time pacific standard time alaska standard time hawaii aleutian standard time samoa standard time the law doesn t give abbreviations from paul eggert 2016 12 19 here are urls for the 1918 and 1966 legislation http uscode house gov statviewer htm volume 40 page 451 http uscode house gov statviewer htm volume 80 page 108 although the 1918 names were officially united states standard eastern time and similarly for central mountain pacific and alaska in practice standard was placed just before time as codified in 1966 in practice alaska time was abbreviated ast before 1968 summarizing the 1967 name changes 1918 names 1967 names 08 standard pacific time pst pacific standard time pst 09 unofficial yukon yst yukon standard time yst 10 standard alaska time ast alaska hawaii standard time ahst 11 unofficial nome nst bering standard time bst from paul eggert 2023 01 23 from a 2001 01 08 heads up from rives mcdow public law 106 564 2000 12 23 introduced chamorro standard time for time in guam and the 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