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of 1 400 000 sq ft 130 000 m 2 of shopping space making it one of the largest shopping centres in the united kingdom 171 the centre was named the international shopping centre of the year in 2010 by retail leisure international rli 172 queen street one of cardiff s main shopping areas the castle quarter is a commercial area in the north of the city centre which includes some of cardiff s victorian and edwardian arcades castle arcade morgan arcade and royal arcade and principal shopping streets st mary street high street the hayes and queen street morgan arcade is home to spillers records the world s oldest record shop 173 174 cardiff has a number of markets including the vast victorian indoor cardiff central market and the riverside community market 175 transport edit main article transport in cardiff rail edit main article rail transport in cardiff cardiff central railway station is the largest railway station in wales with eight platforms coping with over 12 5 million passengers a year 176 177 it provides direct services to bridgend and newport long distance cross wales services to wrexham and holyhead and services to bristol birmingham manchester and london cardiff central station is situated within the southern border of what was known temperance town a former residential area within central cardiff cardiff queen street railway station is the second busiest in wales and the hub for the valley lines services that connect the south wales valleys and the cardiff suburbs with the city centre it is located at the eastern end of the city centre and provides services to cardiff bay cardiff has a suburban rail system known as the valleys cardiff local routes operated by transport for wales there are eight lines that serve 20 stations in the city 26 in the wider urban area including taffs well penarth and dinas powys and more than 60 in the south wales valleys and the vale of glamorgan 178 metro edit the south wales metro is an integrated public transport system under development in south east wales centered on cardiff the project is to include the electrification of some of the existing railway lines and the creation of multiple light rail and light rapid transit lines four lines are under construction with a further three planned the first lines will link penarth and cardiff bay to radyr treherbert aberdare and merthyr tydfil with plans to also serve pontyclun st mellons and porth teigr alongside this current commuter services will be improved with a near tripling in capacity on some routes to bridgend and rhymney air edit main articles cardiff airport and cardiff heliport domestic and international air links to cardiff and south west wales are provided from cardiff airport cwl the only international airport in wales the airport lies in the village of rhoose 10 miles 16 km west of the city there are regular bus services linking the airport with cardiff city centre and a train service from rhoose cardiff international airport railway station to cardiff central road and bus edit main article bus transport in cardiff the m4 motorway connects cardiff with swansea to the west and newport and london to the east with four junctions on the m4 including one with the a48 m the a470 provides an important link from the city to the heads of the valleys road when completed the a4232 also known as the peripheral distributor road will form part of the cardiff ring road system along with the m4 motorway between junctions 30 and 33 179 cardiff has a comprehensive bus network whose providers include the municipal bus company cardiff bus routes within the city and to newport barry and penarth adventure travel cross city and to cardiff airport stagecoach south wales to the south wales valleys and first cymru to cowbridge and bridgend national express operates direct services to major cities such as bristol london newcastle upon tyne and manchester most bus services in the city use cardiff bus interchange located next to central station which opened in 2024 replacing an older structure on the same site whilst intercity and coach services use the coach terminal located near sophia gardens in the north of the city centre cycle edit main article cycling in cardiff the taff trail is a walking and cycle path running for 55 miles 90 km between cardiff bay and brecon in the brecon beacons national park it runs through bute park sophia gardens and many other green areas within cardiff it is possible to cycle the entire distance of the trail almost completely off road as it largely follows the river taff and many of the disused railways of the glamorganshire valleys nextbike previously operated a public bike hire scheme in the city between march 2018 and january 2024 180 with the scheme allegedly being scrapped due to theft cardiff council are seeking a replacement operator water edit the aquabus water taxi runs every hour between the city centre taff mead embankment and cardiff bay mermaid quay and between cardiff bay and penarth cardiff bay barrage throughout the year cardiff waterbus 181 sail between the pierhead on the waterfront and the penarth end of the cardiff bay barrage with short sightseeing cruises between march and october boats depart from cardiff bay for flat holm island the ps waverley and mv balmoral sail from britannia quay in roath basin to various destinations in the bristol channel cardiff central railway station cardiff queen street railway station south wales metro tram trains cardiff airport cardiff bus interchange cardiff bus is the main bus operator in the cardiff area typical cycle lane in cardiff aquabus telecommunications edit see also list of wales dialling codes 029 is the current telephone dialling code for cardiff 182 as well as for the neighbouring towns of penarth dinas powys and caerphilly the dialling code is optional when dialling within the area one can dial between any two phones within the 029 code using only the eight digit local number prior to the big number change on 22 april 2000 the area had shorter six digit local numbers with an area code of 01222 182 this was 0222 before may 1995 derived from 0 indicating it was a trunk call 22 ca on a telephone pad for cardiff and 2 as 220 was used for cambridge and 221 for bath before the introduction of automated trunk call dialling non local numbers were accessed through a system of manual telephone exchanges in common with the rest of the united kingdom there remains a common misconception that local numbers are still six digits long and that the code is 02920 even though there are newer cardiff numbers in the ranges 029 21xx xxxx and 029 22xx xxxx 182 education edit see also list of schools in cardiff cardiff is home to four major institutions of higher education cardiff university cardiff metropolitan university university of south wales and the royal welsh college of music drama cardiff university was founded by a royal charter in 1883 as the university college of south wales and monmouthshire 183 is a member of the russell group of leading research led universities having most of its campus in cathays and the city centre cardiff metropolitan university formerly uwic has campuses in the llandaff cyncoed and city centre areas and is part of the confederal university of wales the royal welsh college of music drama is a conservatoire established in 1949 and is based in the grounds of cardiff castle the university of south wales s cardiff campus atrium is home to the cardiff school of creative cultural industries and is located in the city centre the total number of higher education students in the city is around 43 900 184 185 the city also has two further education colleges cardiff and vale college and st david s college the former is the result of a merger completed in august 2011 between coleg glan hafren and barry college further education is also offered at most high schools in the city cardiff has three state nursery schools one bilingual 98 state primary schools two bilingual fifteen welsh medium and 19 state secondary schools three welsh medium 186 there is a campaign to build a fourth welsh medium secondary school in the south of the city 187 there are also several independent schools in the city including st john s college llandaff cathedral school cardiff sixth form college kings monkton school and howell s school a single sex girls school until sixth form in 2013 cardiff sixth form college came top of the independent senior schools in the uk which were based on the percentage of a and a at advanced level also in the top 100 were st john s college and howell s school 188 notable schools include whitchurch high school the largest secondary school in wales 189 fitzalan high school one of the most multi cultural state schools in the uk 190 and ysgol gyfun gymraeg glantaf the largest welsh medium secondary school in wales as well as academic institutions cardiff is also home to other educational and learning organisations such as techniquest a hands on science discovery centre that now has franchises throughout wales and is part of the wales gene park in collaboration with cardiff university nhs wales and the welsh development agency wda 191 cardiff is also home to a regional office of the international baccalaureate organisation ibo 192 university campuses in cardiff cardiff university cathays park and heath park campuses cardiff metropolitan university llandaff and cyncoed campuses university of south wales cardiff campus royal welsh college of music drama part of the university of south wales group university of wales trinity saint david cardiff campus university of wales is a confederal university based in the university of wales registry landmarks and attractions edit see also architecture of cardiff and listed buildings in cardiff pierhead building is part of the senedd estate in cardiff bay st john the baptist church is the oldest church in wales building in the city cardiff crown court is part of the wales circuit of his majesty s courts and tribunals service cardiff has many landmark buildings such as the principality stadium pierhead building the welsh national museum and the senedd building the home of the welsh parliament cardiff is also known for cardiff castle st david s hall st john the baptist church llandaff cathedral and the wales millennium centre cardiff castle is a major tourist attraction in the city and is situated in the heart of the city centre the national history museum at st fagans in cardiff is a large open air museum housing dozens of buildings from throughout welsh history that have been moved to the site in cardiff the civic centre in cathays park comprises a collection of edwardian buildings such as the city hall national museum and gallery of wales cardiff crown court and buildings forming part of cardiff university together with more modern civic buildings these buildings are laid out around the queen alexandra gardens a formal park which contains the welsh national war memorial and a number of other smaller memorials in addition to cardiff castle castell coch is a castle in tongwynlais in the north of the city the current castle is an elaborately decorated victorian folly designed by william burges for the marquess and built in the 1870s as an occasional retreat however the victorian castle stands on the footings of a much older medieval castle possibly built by ifor bach a regional baron with links to cardiff castle also the exterior has become a popular location for film and television productions it rarely fulfilled its intended role as a retreat for the butes who seldom stayed there for the marquess the pleasure had been in its creation a pleasure lost following burges s death in 1881 cardiff claims the largest concentration of castles of any city in the world 193 as well as cardiff castle and castell coch there are the remains of two motte and bailey castles in morganstown and rhiwbina known as morganstown castle mound and twmpath castle or twmpath motte also known as caer cynwrig respectively 194 195 twmpath being a welsh word for a small mound 196 which along with a castle at whitchurch known as treoda and destroyed by housing in the 1960s formed an arc of fortifications which divided the norman lordship from the welsh lordship of senghenydd 197 further up the cefn cibwr ridge on the boundary with caerphilly there is also another ruined castle known as morgraig castle welsh castell morgraig archaeological evidence suggests this castle was never finished and it is debated whether the fortification was of norman or welsh origin the concentration of castles indicates the moveable nature of the border between the norman lordship of glamorgan centred at cardiff and its welsh neighbours to the north there is also the ruined llandaff bishop s palace also known as llandaff castle 198 which was the home of the medieval bishops which was destroyed about 1403 1404 by the welsh leader owain glyndŵr now only the ruined gatehouse remains 198 not strictly a castle in the historical sense saint fagans castle is a preserved 17th century manor house once the seat of the earls of plymouth cardiff s castles cardiff castle castell coch st fagans castle bishop s palace also known as llandaff castle the overgrown twmpath castle or motte also known as caer cynwrig the overgrown morganstown castle mound the overgrown caer castell camp other major tourist attractions are the cardiff bay regeneration sites which include the recently opened wales millennium centre and the senedd building and many other cultural and sites of interest including the cardiff bay barrage and the famous coal exchange the new theatre was founded in 1906 and refurbished in the 1980s until the opening of the wales millennium centre in 2004 it was the premier venue in wales for touring theatre and dance companies other venues popular for concerts and sporting events include cardiff international arena st david s hall and the principality stadium cardiff story a museum documenting the city s history has been open to the public since the spring of 2011 cardiff has over 1 000 listed buildings ranging from the more prominent buildings such as the castles to smaller buildings houses and structures 199 cathedral road was developed by the 3rd marquis of bute and is lined by fine villas some backing on to sophia gardens cardiff has walks of special interest for tourists and ramblers alike such as the centenary walk which runs for 2 1 4 miles 3 5 km within cardiff city centre this route passes through many of cardiff s landmarks and historic buildings the animal wall designed by william burges in 1866 marks the south edge of bute park on castle street it bears 15 carved animal statues culture and recreation edit main articles culture and recreation in cardiff list of cultural venues in cardiff and list of public art in cardiff wales millennium centre cardiff has many cultural sites varying from the historical cardiff castle and out of town castell coch to the more modern...
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