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has over 11 000 muslims with various national affiliations 149 nearly 52 per cent of the muslim population in wales 150 the proportion of cardiff residents declaring themselves hindu sikh and jewish were all considerably higher than the welsh averages but lower than the uk figures the city has had a hindu community since indian immigrants settled in the 1950s and 1960s the first hindu temple in the city was opened in grangetown on 6 april 1979 on the site of an abandoned synagogue 151 the 25th anniversary of the founding was celebrated in september 2007 with a parade of over 3 000 people through the city centre including hindus from across the united kingdom and members of cardiff s other religious communities 152 there are over 2 000 hindus in cardiff worshipping at three temples 149 in the 2001 census 18 8 of the city s population stated they had no religion while 8 6 did not state a religion 153 economy edit main article economy and industry of cardiff the coal exchange as the capital city of wales cardiff is the main engine of growth in the welsh economy though the population of cardiff is about 10 of the welsh population the economy of cardiff makes up nearly 20 of welsh gdp and 40 of the city s workforce are daily in commuters from the surrounding south wales area 154 155 industry has played a major part in cardiff s development for many centuries the main catalyst for its transformation from a small town into a big city was the demand for coal required in making iron and later steel brought to sea by packhorse from merthyr tydfil this was first achieved by building a 25 mile 40 km canal from merthyr 510 ft or 160 m above sea level to the taff estuary at cardiff 156 eventually the taff vale railway replaced the canal barges and massive marshalling yards sprang up as new docks were developed in cardiff all prompted by the soaring worldwide demand for coal from the south wales valleys at its peak cardiff s port area known as tiger bay became the busiest port in the world and for some time the world s most important coal port 157 158 in the years leading up to the first world war more than 10 million tonnes of coal was exported annually from cardiff docks 159 in 1907 cardiff s coal exchange was the first host to a business deal for a million pounds sterling 160 the high demand for welsh coal and specifically welsh artificial fuel named patent fuel is shown by the numerous factories producing this fuel with the same recipe in the region of cardiff most well known factories were the star patent fuel co the crown patent fuel the cardiff patent fuel etc 161 after a period of decline due to low demand on coal cardiff s port has started to grow again over 3 million tonnes of cargo passed through the docks in 2007 162 the 26 storey bridge street exchange at 85 m 279 ft in height is the tallest building in cardiff 163 cardiff today is the main finance and business services centre in wales with strong representation of finance and business services in the local economy this sector combined with the public administration education and health sectors have accounted for about 75 of cardiff s economic growth since 1991 164 the city was recently placed seventh overall in the top 50 european cities in the fdi 2008 cities of the future list published by the fdi magazine and ranked seventh in terms of attracting foreign investment 165 notable companies such as legal general admiral insurance hbos zurich ing direct the aa principality building society 118118 british gas brains swalec energy and bt all operate large national or regional headquarters and contact centres in the city some of them based in cardiff s office towers such as capital tower and brunel house other major employers include nhs wales and the senedd on 1 march 2004 cardiff was granted fairtrade city status cardiff is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the united kingdom receiving 18 3 million visitors in 2010 and generating 852 million for the city s economy 166 one result is that one in five employees in cardiff are based in the distribution hotels and restaurants sector highlighting the growing retail and tourism industries in the city 164 the city has many hotels of varying sizes and standards providing almost 9 000 available beds 167 the bbc cymru wales estate in cardiff bbc new broadcasting house bbc roath lock studios cardiff is home to the welsh media and a large media sector with bbc cymru wales s4c and itv wales all having studios in the city 168 there is a large independent tv production industry sector of over 600 companies employing around 6 000 with a turnover estimated at 350 million 168 just to the north west of the city in rhondda cynon taff the first completely new film studios in the uk for 30 years are being built to be named valleywood the studios are set to be the biggest in the uk in 2011 the bbc completed the roath lock studios in cardiff bay to film dramas such as casualty doctor who and pobol y cwm 169 cardiff has several regeneration projects such as st david s 2 centre and surrounding areas of the city centre and the 1 4 billion international sports village in cardiff bay which played a part in the london 2012 olympics it features the only olympic standard swimming pool in wales the cardiff international pool which opened on 12 january 2008 according to the welsh rugby union the principality stadium contributed 1 billion to the welsh economy in the ten years after it opened in 1999 with around 85 of that staying in the cardiff area 170 shopping edit see also list of shopping arcades in cardiff st david s in the hayes is the largest shopping centre in wales most of cardiff s shopping portfolio is in the city centre around queen street st mary street and high street with large suburban retail parks in cardiff bay culverhouse cross leckwith newport road and pontprennau together with markets in the city centre and splott a 675 million regeneration programme for cardiff s st david s centre was completed in 2009 providing a total of 1 400 000 sq ft 130 000 m 2 of shopping space making it one of the largest shopping centres in the united kingdom 171 the centre was named the international shopping centre of the year in 2010 by retail leisure international rli 172 queen street one of cardiff s main shopping areas the castle quarter is a commercial area in the north of the city centre which includes some of cardiff s victorian and edwardian arcades castle arcade morgan arcade and royal arcade and principal shopping streets st mary street high street the hayes and queen street morgan arcade is home to spillers records the world s oldest record shop 173 174 cardiff has a number of markets including the vast victorian indoor cardiff central market and the riverside community market 175 transport edit main article transport in cardiff rail edit main article rail transport in cardiff cardiff central railway station is the largest railway station in wales with eight platforms coping with over 12 5 million passengers a year 176 177 it provides direct services to bridgend and newport long distance cross wales services to wrexham and holyhead and services to bristol birmingham manchester and london cardiff central station is situated within the southern border of what was known temperance town a former residential area within central cardiff cardiff queen street railway station is the second busiest in wales and the hub for the valley lines services that connect the south wales valleys and the cardiff suburbs with the city centre it is located at the eastern end of the city centre and provides services to cardiff bay cardiff has a suburban rail system known as the valleys cardiff local routes operated by transport for wales there are eight lines that serve 20 stations in the city 26 in the wider urban area including taffs well penarth and dinas powys and more than 60 in the south wales valleys and the vale of glamorgan 178 metro edit the south wales metro is an integrated public transport system under development in south east wales centered on cardiff the project is to include the electrification of some of the existing railway lines and the creation of multiple light rail and light rapid transit lines four lines are under construction with a further three planned the first lines will link penarth and cardiff bay to radyr treherbert aberdare and merthyr tydfil with plans to also serve pontyclun st mellons and porth teigr alongside this current commuter services will be improved with a near tripling in capacity on some routes to bridgend and rhymney air edit main articles cardiff airport and cardiff heliport domestic and international air links to cardiff and south west wales are provided from cardiff airport cwl the only international airport in wales the airport lies in the village of rhoose 10 miles 16 km west of the city there are regular bus services linking the airport with cardiff city centre and a train service from rhoose cardiff international airport railway station to cardiff central road and bus edit main article bus transport in cardiff the m4 motorway connects cardiff with swansea to the west and newport and london to the east with four junctions on the m4 including one with the a48 m the a470 provides an important link from the city to the heads of the valleys road when completed the a4232 also known as the peripheral distributor road will form part of the cardiff ring road system along with the m4 motorway between junctions 30 and 33 179 cardiff has a comprehensive bus network whose providers include the municipal bus company cardiff bus routes within the city and to newport barry and penarth adventure travel cross city and to cardiff airport stagecoach south wales to the south wales valleys and first cymru to cowbridge and bridgend national express operates direct services to major cities such as bristol london newcastle upon tyne and manchester most bus services in the city use cardiff bus interchange located next to central station which opened in 2024 replacing an older structure on the same site whilst intercity and coach services use the coach terminal located near sophia gardens in the north of the city centre cycle edit main article cycling in cardiff the taff trail is a walking and cycle path running for 55 miles 90 km between cardiff bay and brecon in the brecon beacons national park it runs through bute park sophia gardens and many other green areas within cardiff it is possible to cycle the entire distance of the trail almost completely off road as it largely follows the river taff and many of the disused railways of the glamorganshire valleys nextbike previously operated a public bike hire scheme in the city between march 2018 and january 2024 180 with the scheme allegedly being scrapped due to theft cardiff council are seeking a replacement operator water edit the aquabus water taxi runs every hour between the city centre taff mead embankment and cardiff bay mermaid quay and between cardiff bay and penarth cardiff bay barrage throughout the year cardiff waterbus 181 sail between the pierhead on the waterfront and the penarth end of the cardiff bay barrage with short sightseeing cruises between march and october boats depart from cardiff bay for flat holm island the ps waverley and mv balmoral sail from britannia quay in roath basin to various destinations in the bristol channel cardiff central railway station cardiff queen street railway station south wales metro tram trains cardiff airport cardiff bus interchange cardiff bus is the main bus operator in the cardiff area typical cycle lane in cardiff aquabus telecommunications edit see also list of wales dialling codes 029 is the current telephone dialling code for cardiff 182 as well as for the neighbouring towns of penarth dinas powys and caerphilly the dialling code is optional when dialling within the area one can dial between any two phones within the 029 code using only the eight digit local number prior to the big number change on 22 april 2000 the area had shorter six digit local numbers with an area code of 01222 182 this was 0222 before may 1995 derived from 0 indicating it was a trunk call 22 ca on a telephone pad for cardiff and 2 as 220 was used for cambridge and 221 for bath before the introduction of automated trunk call dialling non local numbers were accessed through a system of manual telephone exchanges in common with the rest of the united kingdom there remains a common misconception that local numbers are still six digits long and that the code is 02920 even though there are newer cardiff numbers in the ranges 029 21xx xxxx and 029 22xx xxxx 182 education edit see also list of schools in cardiff cardiff is home to four major institutions of higher education cardiff university cardiff metropolitan university university of south wales and the royal welsh college of music drama cardiff university was founded by a royal charter in 1883 as the university college of south wales and monmouthshire 183 is a member of the russell group of leading research led universities having most of its campus in cathays and the city centre cardiff metropolitan university formerly uwic has campuses in the llandaff cyncoed and city centre areas and is part of the confederal university of wales the royal welsh college of music drama is a conservatoire established in 1949 and is based in the grounds of cardiff castle the university of south wales s cardiff campus atrium is home to the cardiff school of creative cultural industries and is located in the city centre the total number of higher education students in the city is around 43 900 184 185 the city also has two further education colleges cardiff and vale college and st david s college the former is the result of a merger completed in august 2011 between coleg glan hafren and barry college further education is also offered at most high schools in the city cardiff has three state nursery schools one bilingual 98 state primary schools two bilingual fifteen welsh medium and 19 state secondary schools three welsh medium 186 there is a campaign to build a fourth welsh medium secondary school in the south of the city 187 there are also several independent schools in the city including st john s college llandaff cathedral school cardiff sixth form college kings monkton school and howell s school a single sex girls school until sixth form in 2013 cardiff sixth form college came top of the independent senior schools in the uk which were based on the percentage of a and a at advanced level also in the top 100 were st john s college and howell s school 188 notable schools include whitchurch high school the largest secondary school in wales 189 fitzalan high school one of the most multi cultural state schools in the uk 190 and ysgol gyfun gymraeg glantaf the largest welsh medium secondary school in wales as well as academic institutions cardiff is also home to other educational and learning organisations such as techniq...
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