Meta tags:
Headings (most frequently used words):
airline, airlines, and, deregulation, contents, history, regulation, economy, environment, call, signs, personnel, trends, types, see, also, references, bibliography, external, links, the, first, europe, united, states, asia, latin, america, caribbean, national, international, costs, revenue, assets, financing, alliances, largest, state, support, related, lists, beginnings, rationalization, expansion, early, development, since, 1945, bailout,
Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (697), and (328), #airlines (209), airline (170), from (160), air (131), with (114), for (98), retrieved (90), was (87), archived (82), original (80), flight (69), aircraft (66), first (63), service (62), aviation (52), that (49), october (48), world (46), july (45), this (43), international (43), passenger (41), may (39), edit (38), travel (37), transport (36), airport (36), which (35), january (34), flights (34), its (34), 2020 (33), between (33), has (33), were (33), new (32), are (32), other (31), carriers (30), industry (30), history (30), 2017 (30), their (30), have (30), pdf (28), most (28), routes (28), united (27), airways (27), august (26), cost (26), company (26), fuel (25), many (25), government (24), operating (24), also (24), december (23), 1919 (22), isbn (22), services (22), such (22), business (21), march (21), more (21), major (21), passengers (21), states (20), one (20), commercial (20), com (20), 2010 (20), began (20), articles (19), 2018 (19), american (19), scheduled (19), boeing (19), america (19), operations (19), often (19), these (19), september (18), low (18), global (18), over (18), largest (18), billion (18), since (18), 2015 (17), 2008 (17), companies (17), june (17), deregulation (17), 978 (17), www (17), november (17), can (17), war (17), established (17), british (17), some (17), been (17), 2025 (16), control (16), jet (16), 2011 (16), april (16), transportation (16), than (16), countries (16), cargo (15), alliance (15), february (15), 2009 (15), costs (15), years (15), they (15), during (15), time (15), 2026 (14), all (14), 2019 (14), carrier (14), pricing (14), klm (14), regular (14), operate (14), safety (13), page (13), france (13), national (13), traffic (13), only (13), india (13), market (13), 000 (13), operated (13), country (13), not (13), use (12), statements (12), baggage (12), ticket (12), domestic (12), europe (12), 2013 (12), off (12), list (12), london (12), legacy (12), demand (12), early (12), mail (12), started (12), founded (12), through (12), while (12), but (12), per (12), became (12), under (11), civil (11), paris (11), alliances (11), 2006 (11), into (11), 2012 (11), times (11), prices (11), emissions (11), latin (11), airports (11), main (11), had (11), after (11), japan (11), each (11), due (11), wikipedia (10), profit (10), unsourced (10), different (10), maintenance (10), name (10), class (10), convention (10), price (10), lufthansa (10), net (10), deutsche (10), aeroflot (10), asia (10), ownership (10), competition (10), four (10), when (10), number (10), another (10), later (10), profitable (10), using (9), economy (9), 2014 (9), help (9), pan (9), higher (9), southwest (9), 2016 (9), group (9), britannica (9), year (9), junkers (9), oldest (9), there (9), citation (9), needed (9), responsible (9), less (9), day (9), about (8), french (8), system (8), information (8), 1978 (8), route (8), fly (8), regional (8), flag (8), encyclopedia (8), flying (8), now (8), mergers (8), including (8), among (8), atlantic (8), example (8), merged (8), out (8), made (8), used (8), article (8), both (8), fleet (8), revenue (8), who (8), become (8), until (8), tata (8), external (7), links (7), wayback (7), high (7), crew (7), agreement (7), terminal (7), charter (7), hub (7), airliner (7), era (7), york (7), 2000 (7), press (7), via (7), reduce (7), daily (7), still (7), growth (7), 2022 (7), capacity (7), long (7), profitability (7), act (7), how (7), 1980s (7), douglas (7), airmail (7), line (7), two (7), imperial (7), management (7), 1924 (7), limited (7), handley (7), flew (7), 1932 (7), increased (7), within (7), 200 (7), sometimes (7), australia (7), capital (7), however (7), well (7), call (7), based (7), same (7), following (7), state (7), lines (7), city (7), across (7), agreements (7), colombia (7), toggle (6), link (6), potentially (6), 2023 (6), english (6), economics (6), open (6), tickets (6), area (6), european (6), 1946 (6), environmental (6), skyteam (6), 2005 (6), 2007 (6), century (6), 2001 (6), 1990 (6), economic (6), owned (6), regulation (6), post (6), machine (6), efficiency (6), aero (6), technology (6), pacific (6), airliners (6), subject (6), pilots (6), jannus (6), zeppelin (6), 1933 (6), formed (6), merger (6), took (6), royal (6), force (6), union (6), fixed (6), tampa (6), see (6), like (6), freight (6), overseas (6), subsidiaries (6), various (6), governments (6), freedom (6), financial (6), usually (6), include (6), personnel (6), operation (6), make (6), percent (6), would (6), average (6), continuing (6), further (6), newly (6), making (6), support (6), mexico (6), before (6), asian (6), german (6), search (5), view (5), policy (5), additional (5), non (5), license (5), need (5), references (5), org (5), authority (5), airspace (5), special (5), second (5), iata (5), value (5), star (5), related (5), doganis (5), david (5), greenhouse (5), gas (5), 2003 (5), news (5), ups (5), network (5), what (5), brussels (5), virgin (5), needs (5), stabilization (5), equity (5), employees (5), former (5), jal (5), transatlantic (5), john (5), south (5), pioneer (5), place (5), 1921 (5), 100 (5), wing (5), earliest (5), weekly (5), airship (5), africa (5), several (5), large (5), types (5), consolidation (5), trend (5), greater (5), deregulated (5), lower (5), even (5), losses (5), brazil (5), seen (5), 1920s (5), 1930s (5), systems (5), agents (5), signs (5), around (5), far (5), kilometers (5), must (5), million (5), without (5), recent (5), section (5), served (5), late (5), programs (5), offer (5), start (5), sales (5), will (5), take (5), hedging (5), bankruptcy (5), carrying (5), free (5), volaris (5), west (5), philippine (5), pal (5), any (5), petersburg (5), contents (4), code (4), available (4), terms (4), organization (4), commons (4), containing (4), dated (4), 2024 (4), url (4), subsidies (4), handling (4), frequent (4), flyer (4), fare (4), pass (4), codeshare (4), region (4), security (4), lost (4), tokyo (4), permit (4), chicago (4), cross (4), law (4), check (4), board (4), seat (4), pilot (4), officer (4), regions (4), groups (4), oneworld (4), markets (4), analysis (4), rigas (4), routledge (4), 2002 (4), 1909 (4), washington (4), oil (4), impact (4), corporate (4), cite (4), web (4), department (4), week (4), profits (4), fares (4), paid (4), beyond (4), much (4), next (4), gov (4), term (4), dot (4), 2004 (4), chapter (4), quality (4), beginnings (4), museum (4), planes (4), army (4), ocean (4), offered (4), tony (4), 1939 (4), 104 (4), airships (4), luft (4), luftverkehr (4), 1923 (4), 1999 (4), five (4), aéropostale (4), 1918 (4), back (4), predecessor (4), airboat (4), lists (4), administration (4), federal (4), nearly (4), generally (4), tax (4), private (4), where (4), larger (4), reservation (4), uses (4), forces (4), biofuel (4), total (4), loss (4), despite (4), north (4), increase (4), share (4), update (4), did (4), combined (4), create (4), although (4), today (4), form (4), carried (4), destinations (4), assets (4), purchase (4), successful (4), airbus (4), northwest (4), codesharing (4), offering (4), operates (4), own (4), current (4), competitive (4), pay (4), period (4), labor (4), airfares (4), almost (4), because (4), general (4), full (4), miles (4), fees (4), return (4), carry (4), result (4), citations (4), provide (4), designated (4), latam (4), salvador (4), avianca (4), caribbean (4), korean (4), 1945 (4), 1937 (4), congress (4), tupolev (4), florida (4), hide (4), move (4), sidebar (4), subsection (4), table (3), wikimedia (3), foundation (3), last (3), wikidata (3), cs1 (3), needing (3), sources (3), industries (3), republic (3), boarding (3), taxation (3), airplane (3), film (3), ground (3), contract (3), electronic (3), timetable (3), reservations (3), rules (3), controlled (3), card (3), luggage (3), icao (3), skies (3), common (3), bermuda (3), departure (3), lounge (3), map (3), basic (3), aircrew (3), trade (3), holding (3), performance (3), course (3), james (3), journal (3), acquisitions (3), doi (3), privatized (3), green (3), algae (3), future (3), trends (3), change (3), trading (3), range (3), 1991 (3), fact (3), jhu (3), islands (3), canada (3), space (3), effect (3), regulatory (3), top (3), changes (3), seth (3), ltd (3), cathay (3), japanese (3), above (3), big (3), improve (3), robert (3), budget (3), changed (3), society (3), concorde (3), 747 (3), ago (3), ford (3), trimotor (3), chalk (3), frills (3), 2021 (3), aerospace (3), wars (3), aktiengesellschaft (3), lloyd (3), dutch (3), taylor (3), francis (3), part (3), société (3), générale (3), flies (3), laid (3), review (3), 1916 (3), aviators (3), commenced (3), base (3), thomas (3), farman (3), delag (3), defunct (3), addition (3), those (3), historically (3), outside (3), traveler (3), mainline (3), shorter (3), networks (3), bilateral (3), partnerships (3), arrangements (3), six (3), interest (3), lease (3), earned (3), mid (3), 1940s (3), personal (3), side (3), structure (3), hubs (3), avionics (3), engineers (3), facilities (3), led (3), decisions (3), connected (3), leading (3), possible (3), account (3), ghg (3), approximately (3), globally (3), compared (3), thousands (3), according (3), every (3), efficient (3), engines (3), please (3), environment (3), connections (3), public (3), parts (3), largely (3), size (3), delta (3), prefer (3), themselves (3), development (3), 1990s (3), increasingly (3), standards (3), entered (3), düsseldorf (3), thus (3), 707 (3), relative (3), distance (3), slots (3), significant (3), against (3), entrants (3), rising (3), easily (3), financing (3), single (3), type (3), eastern (3), having (3), followed (3), shows (3), melbourne (3), sydney (3), los (3), angeles (3), hundreds (3), known (3), passed (3), expense (3), block (3), asm (3), included (3), east (3), payload (3), learn (3), granted (3), specific (3), barriers (3), added (3), peru (3), copa (3), viva (3), san (3), chile (3), aviación (3), flown (3), 1947 (3), hong (3), kong (3), manila (3), military (3), end (3), division (3), continued (3), upon (3), opened (3), 1941 (3), bachrach (3), bought (3), 1935 (3), cash (3), atsb (3), loan (3), guarantees (3), created (3), office (3), bailout (3), corporation (3), found (3), inaugurated (3), speed (3), lockheed (3), soviet (3), won (3), germany (3), rationalization (3), croydon (3), dlr (3), bourget (3), des (3), airco (3), tools (3), add (2), languages (2), mobile (2), statistics (2), developers (2), contact (2), privacy (2), inc (2), edited (2), categories (2), updating (2), errors (2), pages (2), short (2), description (2), https (2), title (2), israel (2), data (2), portal (2), mile (2), handler (2), tracking (2), round (2), red (2), eye (2), overbooking (2), way (2), program (2), booking (2), visual (2), center (2), sky (2), pre (2), allowance (2), bag (2), organizations (2), montreal (2), hague (2), freedoms (2), cape (2), town (2), china (2), effects (2), internal (2), runway (2), gate (2), rail (2), aerodrome (2), inflight (2), rest (2), buy (2), cabin (2), purser (2), engineer (2), relief (2), third (2), captain (2), codes (2), media (2), 21st (2), 3rd (2), edition (2), bibliography (2), turbulence (2), kumar (2), rajesh (2), 137 (2), key (2), money (2), buffett (2), advice (2), load (2), alternative (2), marine (2), potential (2), overview (2), historical (2), release (2), climate (2), proposes (2), scheme (2), 418 (2), nature (2), contrails (2), wings (2), biggest (2), sheet (2), highest (2), catalyst (2), library (2), edu (2), context (2), busiest (2), seasonality (2), jet2 (2), greek (2), extreme (2), leisure (2), william (2), rome2rio (2), cheapest (2), mckinsey (2), productivity (2), issn (2), economist (2), aea (2), jean (2), bmi (2), benefits (2), too (2), good (2), print (2), bolivia (2), publishing (2), pran (2), nath (2), publishers (2), 111 (2), introduction (2), 1988 (2), faber (2), jane (2), joseph (2), hawaii (2), compensation (2), cnbc (2), ceo (2), institute (2), strategy (2), centennialofflight (2), bankruptcies (2), computer (2), cockpit (2), jumbo (2), sons (2), postal (2), george (2), 1998 (2), academic (2), magazine (2), 105 (2), pioneers (2), alitalia (2), sustained (2), 1934 (2), 122 (2), popular (2), continents (2), stone (2), hindenburg (2), 127 (2), graf (2), aeropostale (2), alan (2), cobham (2), hansa (2), renamed (2), dal (2), directors (2), finavia (2), finnair (2), directory (2), histories (2), cook (2), gerald (2), billig (2), bruce (2), textbook (2), raf (2), reederei (2), orient (2), 1948 (2), parent (2), itself (2), transports (2), connecting (2), segell (2), glen (2), 1996 (2), 2587417 (2), lignes (2), aériennes (2), accidents (2), virtual (2), length (2), rights (2), temporarily (2), converted (2), revenues (2), considered (2), unit (2), multi (2), taken (2), gone (2), achieve (2), takeovers (2), rates (2), airplanes (2), response (2), bad (2), zero (2), pattern (2), days (2), follow (2), vice (2), airframe (2), powerplant (2), electrical (2), instruments (2), technicians (2), electric (2), older (2), notably (2), derived (2), navigational (2), issued (2), sign (2), projects (2), fully (2), operational (2), zealand (2), sector (2), estimated (2), could (2), put (2), existing (2), gases (2), burned (2), associated (2), 250 (2), square (2), feet (2), improvements (2), manufacturers (2), expanding (2), resulted (2), 124 (2), reports (2), pressure (2), contribute (2), generated (2), events (2), drop (2), frequencies (2), benefit (2), schedules (2), credited (2), microeconomic (2), intervention (2), political (2), funding (2), continue (2), therefore (2), maximize (2), survived (2), whole (2), ways (2), 115 (2), combine (2), bloc (2), purchasing (2), competitors (2), then (2), get (2), restrictions (2), coordinate (2), engage (2), extensive (2), systemwide (2), interline (2), lounges (2), pair (2), show (2), variety (2), indeed (2), amsterdam (2), expand (2), offerings (2), partnership (2), sabena (2), austrian (2), moscow (2), home (2), factors (2), preferred (2), longer (2), particular (2), tend (2), attract (2), partly (2), congestion (2), right (2), establishing (2), competing (2), running (2), expensive (2), highly (2), regularly (2), goal (2), producing (2), relatively (2), maintain (2), varying (2), 737 (2), malaysia (2), strong (2), winter (2), elastic (2), 107 (2), should (2), forecast (2), down (2), surveyed (2), computers (2), allow (2), enough (2), cases (2), lack (2), seats (2), massive (2), cuts (2), extent (2), simplified (2), trip (2), airfare (2), 500 (2), computerized (2), 1970s (2), discrimination (2), elsewhere (2), factor (2), destination (2), someone (2), willing (2), 1400 (2), point (2), maintaining (2), becoming (2), distribution (2), cents (2), beginning (2), age (2), just (2), advertising (2), hours (2), hour (2), cts (2), advantages (2), focus (2), experienced (2), twice (2), doing (2), them (2), employed (2), catering (2), series (2), substantial (2), establish (2), training (2), small (2), income (2), margin (2), 704 (2), 2bn (2), trillion (2), remove (2), message (2), material (2), challenged (2), removed (2), adding (2), reliable (2), particularly (2), cabotage (2), very (2), rarely (2), concerns (2), model (2), dominated (2), firms (2), dropped (2), supply (2), entry (2), halt (2), actions (2), americas (2), central (2), along (2), formerly (2), ecuador (2), costa (2), rica (2), dominican (2), argentina (2), serve (2), begin (2), puerto (2), came (2), others (2), venezuela (2), varig (2), embrace (2), indonesia (2), singapore (2), nielson (2), francisco (2), piloted (2), karachi (2), havilland (2), launched (2), body (2), asiana (2), 1931 (2), initially (2), osaka (2), 1929 (2), fukuoka (2), territory (2), 1938 (2), immediately (2), allied (2), leased (2), patco (2), magnate (2), weeks (2), soriano (2), baguio (2), vickers (2), viscount (2), ultimately (2), already (2), attacks (2), recognized (2), serious (2), called (2), skybus (2), explosive (2), fliers (2), meant (2), downturn (2), occurred (2), date (2), comet (2), flagships (2), contracts (2), bombers (2), export (2), his (2), boats (2), 1925 (2), supplement (2), operators (2), delivery (2), 1914 (2), 400 (2), claimed (2), shift (2), towards (2), russian (2), spain (2), 1936 (2), 1927 (2), 1926 (2), proving (2), expansion (2), providing (2), compete (2), empire (2), navigation (2), here (2), weather (2), deutsch (2), joint (2), venture (2), helsinki (2), estonia (2), finland (2), 1920 (2), compagnie (2), returned (2), cgt (2), provides (2), appearance (2), upload (2), file (2), read (2), norsk (2), bahasa (2), log (2), donate (2), menu (2), topic, cookie, statement, conduct, legal, contacts, disclaimers, text, apply, site, you, agree, registered, trademark, creative, attribution, sharealike, rendered, parsoid, utc, hidden, category, webarchive, template, language, gadget, owidslider, mdy, dates, written, utility, index, php, oldid, 1375772368, yale, lux, czech, bnf, gnd, databases, steffen, method, club, miscellaneous, dispatcher, technician, agency, standby, record, overselling, jaw, cancellation, delay, basis, continent, bereavement, ploys, upper, uncontrolled, marshal, demonstration, overwing, exits, instrument, recorder, evacuation, slide, zone, brace, position, police, crash, tender, rage, lock, worldtracer, hand, checked, sizer, reclaim, cart, carousel, tag, encasia, easa, eurocontrol, ecac, intergovernmental, warsaw, sabotage, rome, protocol, hijacking, marking, plastic, explosives, treaty, beijing, strait, hypermobility, visa, document, timatic, passport, border, arrival, immigration, customs, transit, hotel, bridge, airstair, airside, sickness, galley, smoking, entertainment, compartment, meal, lavatory, premium, dead, mileage, loadmaster, attendant, command, raaa, afraa, aapa, aaco, etwf, ebaa, eca, asd, a4e, raa, a4a, istat, ifalpa, iatan, atag, aco, vanilla, zinnov, llc, pbs, chasing, sun, myron, smith, scarecrow, oxford, 1964, davies, kulisch, eric, freightwaves, morph, asquith, forbes, dempsey, paul, stephen, 323, smu, scholar, commerce, laissez, faire, mythology, theory, palgrave, macmillan, 230, 00590, 1057, 9781137005908_11, 226, mega, case, studies, sense, spot, unofficial, preliminary, compilation, hklaw, ángel, gonzález, seattle, newspaper, looks, promising, energy, icf, consulting, defra, ets, ecofx, terrapass, carbon, footprint, calculator, mccollum, gregory, gould, greene, mitigation, policies, transportenvironment, parliament, commission, bringing, travis, carleton, andrew, lauritsen, ryan, 6898, 601, 4425866, s2cid, 12167846, pmid, 1038, 418601a, 2002natur, 601t, bibcode, temperature, strategies, 267, 1134887779, bonné, jon, nbc, struggle, paths, edemariam, aida, guardian, desire, skyrefund, titans, pressroom, sees, discovery, fulldisplay, vid, 01jhu_inst, search_scope, all_except_eu, tab, everything, lang, docid, cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2886886429, panam, battle, wtop, anna, comparison, gillen, morrison, christopher, stewart, finance, elasticities, concepts, issues, measurement, jens, flottau, adrian, schofield, aaron, karp, formula, protecting, ranking, cheapflights, recession, prompts, surge, cheap, steve, saxon, mathieu, weber, better, approach, 0013, 0613, gambles, haven, dallas, unpublished, quoted, 9780415213240, require, perspectives, cyril, spinetta, robertson, tieup, rankings, snapshot, action, borders, thing, geography, airtravel, arlene, fleming, milestone, pandey, airbuz, encouraging, bhatt, aph, 175, 313, 0125, sushma, bhat, sterling, pvt, 207, 2482, tourism, young, gavin, 9780571287260, lion, rock, story, freeola, 715174, jeremy, flack, horvat, 1966, 8168, 0000, sean, broderick, seek, treas, gao, assistance, criteria, payment, bamber, gittell, kochan, von, nordenflytch, cornell, university, ithaca, engaging, cranall, cnn, yglesias, matthew, slate, moneybox, fail, massachusetts, asq, debuts, quarterly, report, apress, soft, landing, revolution, cold, race, build, insider, momentous, event, max, kingsley, jones, flightglobal, earnest, 1950, 1959, martel, gordon, wiley, 9780470766293, companion, 1900, clark, anders, disciples, arrow, historynet, amick, got, premier, airportbusiness, chalks, loses, smithsonian, hoh, lulu, 36137, clouds, carey, susan, thrills, wall, street, tonyjannusaward, distinguished, enduring, hinges, rescue, package, graue, duggan, study, ickenham, 9514114, brown, raymond, science, sir, innovator, advocate, wiess, stanley, archive, owes, origins, konzern, chronicle, digital, learning, credo, reference, concise, 760, appointment, alba, metropolitan, celebrating, 100th, anniversary, koninklijke, luchtvaart, maatschappij, 87009, airwaysmag, maiden, aérienne, sgta, cidna, mermoz, toulouse, barcelona, pyrenees, airfranceklm, johnson, amy, rhe, claim, 910226, roads, publications, tracing, lineage, establishes, airlinehistory, 1903, motum, p170, volume, naval, putnam, aeronautical, bluffield, tattered, britain, pioneering, landmark, 9576892, empires, oceans, adventurers, forging, elsevier, mar, linking, 813576, anthropocene, 901414, defence, industrial, foreign, ancestor, rothacher, albrecht, marshall, cavendish, 981, 210, 373, globalization, cultures, 86999, grant, tina, derdak, 55862, 342, 906, 910, voyage, hitchens, frank, andrews, 272, 83791, 189, greatest, moments, crouch, tom, reilly, 433, jstor, 0022, 4642, 2307, southern, flier, bartsch, ronald, petersberg, 040, 14768, practical, guide, musée, histoire, les, pionniers, hartmann, gérard, développement, aérien, ochaba, sabine, friedrichshafen, portrait, iatrou, kostas, hermes, organisation, psychology, 185, 415, 20883, twenty, helicopter, incidents, involving, liveries, logos, association, hyper, flightaware, planning, complaints, ferry, involve, specialized, doors, reinforced, floors, modifying, meet, 136, covid, pandemic, least, predate, nationally, representative, schedule, intervals, aimed, featuring, seating, amenities, giving, perceived, inexpensive, regionals, typically, intercontinental, distances, feeder, rather, affiliates, grouped, mature, groupings, consist, faceted, restrict, takes, managers, lobbying, 135, 134, consistent, results, dramatic, spurts, exhibit, observed, cyclical, poor, earnings, precede, improvement, generations, upgrade, 1980, best, conversely, dramatically, worse, said, dawn, absolutely, 133, warren, gradually, individual, sectors, occurs, regulators, steps, decades, apart, businesses, 132, parked, narita, broad, supervised, president, appoint, presidents, oversee, employ, deal, procedures, administrative
Text of the page (random words):
ganizations this occurs as regulators permit greater freedom and non government ownership in steps that are usually decades apart this pattern is not seen for all airlines in all regions 132 many major airlines operating between the 1940s and 1980s were government owned or government established however most airlines from the earliest days of air travel in the 1920s and 1930s were personal businesses 1 growth rates are not consistent in all regions but countries with a deregulated airline industry have more competition and greater pricing freedom this results in lower fares and sometimes dramatic spurts in traffic growth the u s australia canada japan brazil india and other markets exhibit this trend the industry has been observed to be cyclical in its financial performance four or five years of poor earnings precede five or six years of improvement but profitability even in the good years is generally low in the range of 2 3 net profit after interest and tax in times of profit airlines lease new generations of airplanes and upgrade services in response to higher demand since 1980 the industry has not earned back the cost of capital during the best of times conversely in bad times losses can be dramatically worse warren buffett in 1999 said the money that had been made since the dawn of aviation by all of this country s airline companies was zero absolutely zero 133 as in many mature industries consolidation is a trend airline groupings may consist of limited bilateral partnerships long term multi faceted alliances between carriers equity arrangements mergers or takeovers 134 since governments often restrict ownership and merger between companies in different countries most consolidation takes place within a country by 1990 nearly 200 airlines in the u s had merged been taken over or gone out of business since the airline deregulation act in 1978 135 many international airline managers are lobbying their governments to permit greater consolidation to achieve higher economy and efficiency citation needed types edit passenger airlines can be grouped into various types for example mainline airlines operate flights by the airline s main operating unit rather than by regional affiliates or subsidiaries regional airlines non mainline airlines that operate regional aircraft regionals typically operate over shorter non intercontinental distances often as feeder services for legacy mainline networks low cost carriers giving a basic no frills and perceived inexpensive service business class airline an airline aimed at the business traveler featuring all business class seating and amenities charter airlines operating outside regular schedule intervals flag carriers the historically nationally owned airlines that were considered representative of the country overseas legacy carriers us carriers that predate the airline deregulation act of 1978 major airlines of the united states airlines with at least 1 billion in revenues in addition there are several cargo only airlines this can involve specialized aircraft like those with large cargo doors and reinforced floors or modifying passenger planes for cargo only flights during the covid 19 pandemic some passenger airlines temporarily converted their planes for cargo only flights to meet increased demand for freight transport 136 137 see also edit air charter air ferry airline alliance airline complaints airline timetable airliners net airlines of africa airport security aviation safety beyond rights cargo airline domestic flight environmental impact of aviation federal aviation administration flight length flight planning flightaware government contract flight hyper mobile travel inflight magazine international air transport association international flight legacy carrier virtual airline low cost carrier red eye flight regional airline transportation security administration world s busiest passenger air routes related lists edit airline codes largest airlines in the world list of airline liveries and logos lists of airlines list of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft list of airline holding companies list of airline mergers and acquisitions lists of defunct airlines list of helicopter airlines list of hub airports list of low cost airlines list of national airlines list of regional airlines list of airline bankruptcies in the united states references edit 1 2 doganis rigas 2001 the airline business in the twenty first century psychology press p 185 isbn 978 0 415 20883 3 iatrou kostas 2020 the history of air transport pdf hermes air transport organisation 1 2 3 4 delag the world s first airline airships net retrieved august 22 2010 ochaba sabine june 16 2025 the world s first passenger airship a portrait of the zeppelin lz 7 zeppelin museum friedrichshafen hartmann gérard november 14 2006 le développement du transport aérien en europe 1919 1932 pdf in french p 2 archived from the original pdf on may 12 2005 retrieved november 22 2014 l histoire d air france 1909 1932 les pionniers in french musée air france archived from the original on november 29 2014 retrieved november 21 2014 1 2 bartsch ronald i c 2024 international aviation law a practical guide taylor francis p 20 isbn 978 1 040 14768 9 the first fixed wing scheduled passenger air service was operated by the st petersberg tampa airboat line the first regular international passenger air service was a weekly flight between paris and brussels which commenced on 22 march 1919 operated by lignes aériennes farman crouch tom d reilly thomas 1999 jannus an american flier the journal of southern history 65 2 433 doi 10 2307 2587417 issn 0022 4642 jstor 2587417 airways august 13 2023 the history of commercial flight how global travel took off airways retrieved august 24 2023 world s first commercial airline the greatest moments in flight space com archived from the original on may 9 2021 retrieved october 14 2017 hitchens frank 2023 pioneer aviators and the planes they flew andrews uk limited p 272 isbn 978 1 83791 189 9 the transatlantic voyage of r 34 archived january 23 2011 at the wayback machine flight 10 july 1919 pp 906 910 grant tina derdak thomas 1996 international directory of company histories st james press p 70 isbn 978 1 55862 342 2 british airways earliest predecessor was aircraft transport travel ltd founded in 1916 cook gerald n billig bruce g 2023 airline operations and management a management textbook taylor francis p 5 isbn 978 1 000 86999 6 rothacher albrecht 2005 corporate globalization business cultures in asia and europe marshall cavendish academic p 90 isbn 978 981 210 373 4 ba s earliest predecessor was aircraft transport travel british airways earliest ancestor www key aero march 12 2020 retrieved july 4 2025 segell glen 1998 the defence industrial base and foreign policy glen segell publishers isbn 978 1 901414 12 7 1 2 encyclopedia of the anthropocene elsevier november 27 2017 isbn 978 0 12 813576 1 the first scheduled international air service commenced in mar 1919 linking paris and brussels while a daily service connecting paris and london by august bluffield robert 2014 over empires and oceans pioneers aviators and adventurers forging the international air routes 1918 1939 tattered flag p 100 isbn 978 0 9576892 6 8 at t was the first of britain s pioneering airlines founded on 5 october 1916 the 25 august 1919 was an aviation landmark it was also the world s first daily commercial fixed wing scheduled international service the putnam aeronautical review edited by john motum p170 volume one 1990 naval institute press the first handley page transports pdf archived from the original pdf on april 13 2016 retrieved october 14 2017 airline history 1903 to 1919 www airlinehistory co uk retrieved october 14 2017 american aviation american aviation publications 1948 p 18 air france by tracing its lineage back to the original parent company formed in 1918 establishes itself as one of the world s oldest air carriers johnson amy 2014 sky roads of the world rhe media limited isbn 978 1 910226 11 7 air france can claim the oldest air service in the world for it was in 1918 that the beginnings of the south atlantic air mail service were laid the group www airfranceklm com retrieved july 6 2025 air france was founded on 7 october 1933 through the merger of five french airlines air union air orient société générale de transport aérienne sgta cidna and aéropostale in 1924 jean mermoz established the route between toulouse and barcelona which flies over the pyrenees world aviation in 1919 part 1 royal air force museum archived from the original on january 5 2011 retrieved february 28 2011 2 06 1919 deutsche luft reederei maiden flight airwaysmag com retrieved july 1 2026 1919 raf museum retrieved july 1 2026 cook gerald n billig bruce g may 4 2023 airline operations and management a management textbook taylor francis isbn 978 1 000 87009 1 history of klm klm united states history of klm klm united states archived from the original on june 29 2025 retrieved july 4 2025 klm is the oldest airline in the world still operating under its original name koninklijke luchtvaart maatschappij n v history international directory of company histories 28 1999 archived from the original on may 7 2015 retrieved july 30 2013 history klm corporate klm archived from the original on july 24 2013 retrieved july 30 2013 alba joseph october 7 2019 celebrating klm royal dutch airlines 100th anniversary metropolitan airport news archived from the original on march 8 2022 retrieved october 22 2021 in 1921 klm started scheduled services finnair s first flight took place 90 years ago finavia www finavia fi march 19 2014 retrieved may 7 2020 aeroflot history aeroflot www aeroflot ru archived from the original on december 6 2022 retrieved october 14 2017 history of flight the first airlines encyclopedia britannica archived from the original on may 9 2015 retrieved september 14 2020 imperial air transport company appointment of government directors flight december 20 1923 p 760 archived from the original on july 8 2017 retrieved october 1 2013 imperial airways archived from the original on september 23 2015 retrieved october 1 2013 britannica concise encyclopedia britannica digital learning 2017 pp air france via credo reference lufthansa chronicle konzern lufthansa com retrieved august 4 2026 lufthansa owes its origins to deutsche luft hansa aktiengesellschaft renamed lufthansa in 1933 which is formed from a merger between deutsche aero lloyd dal and junkers luftverkehr on january 6 cite web check archive url value help wiess stanley between the wars www britannica com britannica archived from www britannica com technology aerospace industry between the wars the original on july 29 2026 retrieved august 4 2026 cite web check url value help sir alan j cobham aviation pioneer flight innovator air travel advocate britannica encyclopedia britannica retrieved june 17 2026 history of aeropostale aeropostale archived from the original on april 14 2012 retrieved june 9 2018 lz 127 graf zeppelin airships net archived from the original on october 26 2017 retrieved august 22 2010 hindenburg airships net june 10 2009 archived from the original on october 5 2010 retrieved august 22 2010 stone stone history page archived from the original on march 6 2019 retrieved july 18 2020 brown raymond j ed february 1933 first transatlantic air line links two continents popular science 122 2 13 15 and 104 james w graue john duggan deutsche lufthansa south atlantic airmail service 1934 1939 zeppelin study group ickenham uk 2000 isbn 0 9514114 5 4 first sustained jet airline service archived from the original on may 7 2021 retrieved march 10 2020 alitalia future hinges on rescue package dw com september 7 2004 retrieved october 14 2017 tony jannus an enduring legacy of aviation tony jannus distinguished aviation society tonyjannusaward com archived from the original on july 17 2011 retrieved december 2 2010 carey susan first airline offered no frills many thrills the wall street journal december 31 2013 p b4 jr john l hoh pioneers of profit among the clouds lulu com isbn 978 1 105 36137 1 chalk s ocean airways smithsonian magazine retrieved july 4 2025 chalks airlines loses flight license airportbusiness com archived from the original on september 27 2011 retrieved december 2 2010 amick george how the airmail got off the ground american history 33 3 1998 48 academic search premier web 3 november 2011 airmail service it began with army air service pilots www historynet com june 12 2006 retrieved october 14 2017 clark anders 22 august 2014 now that s a big arrow archived december 23 2019 at the wayback machine disciples of flight retrieved 16 july 2015 the ford trimotor and douglas m 2 mail planes postal museum archived from the original on october 6 2019 retrieved july 27 2017 martel gordon april 15 2008 a companion to international history 1900 2001 john wiley sons isbn 9780470766293 air transportation the beginnings of commercial transatlantic service centennialofflight net retrieved august 22 2010 history of airliners 1950 to 1959 www century of flight net archived from the original on may 17 2008 retrieved october 14 2017 history of jal dc 8 32 www jal com archived from the original on june 3 2012 retrieved october 14 2017 max kingsley jones october 4 2018 how the jet travel era began in earnest 60 years ago flightglobal archived from the original on october 5 2018 retrieved october 6 2018 the boeing 747 jumbo jet changed air travel with this momentous event 47 years ago business insider retrieved october 14 2017 the cold war race to build the concorde history com retrieved october 14 2017 the computer revolution in the cockpit america by air archived from the original on october 19 2020 retrieved september 30 2020 air transportation the airline bankruptcies of the 1980s centennialofflight net retrieved august 22 2010 mr soft landing airline industry strategy service and safety apress 2007 archived from the original on june 2 2012 retrieved may 7 2012 the american society for quality debuts quarterly quality report with 10 year analysis american society of quality asq archived from the original on august 4 2012 retrieved may 7 2012 airline industry overview massachusetts institute of technology archived from the original on november 16 2019 retrieved may 7 2012 yglesias matthew december 1 2011 air fail moneybox slate budget airlines changed the world what next cnn travel march 21 2016 retrieved october 14 2017 robert cranall former ceo aa cnbc cnbc november 29 2011 archived from the original on april 29 2013 air transportation safety and system stabilization act pdf archived from the original pdf on april 9 2009 retrieved june 3 2009 1 2 bamber g j gittell j h kochan t a von nordenflytch a 2009 chapter 5 up in the air how airlines can improve performance by engaging their employees cornell university press ithaca archived from the original on october 31 ...
|
