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ikimedia commons wikinews wikivoyage wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia company that provides air transport services for passengers and freight for other uses see airline disambiguation a boeing 777 of united airlines the largest airline in the world by fleet size air trips per capita an airline is a company that provides a regular service of air transportation for passengers or freight cargo airlines use aircraft to supply these services many passenger airlines also carry cargo in the belly of their aircraft while dedicated cargo airlines focus solely on freight transport generally airlines are recognized with an air operating certificate or license issued by a governmental aviation body these airlines may be scheduled or charter operators airline ownership has seen a shift from mostly personal ownership until the 1930s to government ownership of major airlines from the 1940s to 1980s and back to large scale privatization following the mid 1980s 1 since the 1980s there has been a trend of major airline mergers and the formation of partnerships or alliances for codeshare agreements in which they both offer and operate the same flight the largest alliances are star alliance skyteam and oneworld airline alliances coordinate their passenger service programs such as lounges and frequent flyer programs offer special interline tickets and often engage in extensive codesharing sometimes systemwide history edit see also list of airlines by foundation date the first airlines edit further information aviation in the pioneer era delag deutsche luftschiffahrts aktiengesellschaft was the world s first commercial passenger airline 2 3 it was founded on november 16 1909 3 and began services in june 1910 4 providing a regular service until 1935 3 delag operated airships manufactured by the zeppelin company 3 the compagnie générale transaérienne cgt was founded on october 10 1909 making it the oldest airline company which began cargo operations in april 1911 and began regular passenger operations in march 1913 weekly return fixed wing flights 5 cgt was the first of the companies that would eventually merge to become air france 6 a fixed wing scheduled airline was started in the united states in january 1914 the st petersburg tampa airboat line was piloted by tony jannus and flew from st petersburg florida to tampa florida 7 8 9 10 europe edit beginnings edit further information aviation in the interwar period the handley page w 8b was used by handley page transport an early british airline established in 1919 the british airship hm airship r34 was the first aircraft of any type to carry passengers across the atlantic ocean when on 2 july 1919 it left scotland travelled to new york and returned 11 12 aircraft transport and travel at t formed by george holt thomas in 1916 as a fixed wing airline via a series of takeovers and mergers this company is the earliest predecessor company of british airways 13 14 15 16 17 using a fleet of former military airco dh 4 a biplanes that had been modified to carry two passengers in the fuselage it operated relief flights between folkestone and ghent belgium on july 15 1919 the company flew a proving flight across the english channel despite a lack of support from the british government flown by lt h shaw in an airco dh 9 between raf hendon and paris le bourget airport the flight took 2 hours and 30 minutes at 21 per passenger on august 25 1919 the company used dh 16s to pioneer a regular service from hounslow heath aerodrome to paris s le bourget the first daily international service in the world 18 19 the airline soon gained a reputation for reliability despite problems with bad weather and began to attract european competition in november 1919 it won the first british civil airmail contract six royal air force airco dh 9a aircraft were lent to the company to operate the airmail service between hawkinge and cologne in 1920 they were returned to the royal air force 20 other british competitors were quick to follow handley page transport was established in 1919 and used the company s converted wartime type o 400 bombers with a capacity for 12 passengers 21 to run a london paris passenger service 22 société des lignes latécoère a predecessor of air france 23 later known as aéropostale started its first airmail service in late 1924 to spain 24 25 the société générale des transports aériens was created in late 1919 by the farman brothers it began a weekly service between paris and brussels on 22 march 1919 the world s first international commercial aviation service 7 18 the farman f 60 goliath plane flew scheduled services from toussus le noble to kenley near croydon england another early french airline was the compagnie des messageries aériennes established in 1919 by louis charles breguet offering a mail and freight service between le bourget airport paris and lesquin airport lille 26 junkers f 13 d 190 of junkers luftverkehr the first german airline to use heavier than air aircraft was deutsche luft reederei dlr established in 1917 which started operating in february 1919 in its first year the dlr operated regularly scheduled flights on routes with a combined length of nearly 1000 miles by 1921 the dlr network was more than 3000 km 1865 miles long and included destinations in the netherlands scandinavia and the baltic republics another important german airline was junkers luftverkehr which began operations in 1921 it was a division of the aircraft manufacturer junkers which became a separate company in 1924 it operated joint venture airlines in austria denmark estonia finland hungary latvia norway poland sweden and switzerland 27 28 the dutch airline klm made its first flight in 1920 and is the oldest airline still using the original name 29 30 established by aviator albert plesman 31 it was immediately awarded a royal predicate from queen wilhelmina 32 its first flight was from croydon airport london to amsterdam using a leased dh 16 from aircraft transport and travel carrying two british journalists and a number of newspapers in 1921 klm started scheduled services 33 in finland the charter establishing aero o y now finnair was signed in the city of helsinki on 12 september 1923 junkers f 13 d 335 became the first aircraft of the company when aero took delivery of it on 14 march 1924 the first flight was between helsinki and tallinn capital of estonia and it took place on 20 march 1924 one week later 34 in the soviet union the chief administration of the civil air fleet was established in 1921 one of its first acts was to help found deutsch russische luftverkehrs a g deruluft a german russian joint venture to provide air transport from russia to the west domestic air service began around the same time when dobrolyot started operations on 15 july 1923 between moscow and nizhni novgorod since 1932 all operations had been carried under the name aeroflot 35 early european airlines tended to favor comfort the passenger cabins were often spacious with luxurious interiors over speed and efficiency the relatively basic navigational capabilities of pilots at the time also meant that delays due to the weather were commonplace 36 rationalization edit the imperial airways empire terminal victoria london trains ran from here to flying boats in southampton and to croydon airport by the early 1920s small airlines were struggling to compete and there was a movement towards increased rationalization and consolidation in 1924 imperial airways was formed from the merger of instone air line company british marine air navigation daimler airway and handley page transport to allow british airlines to compete with stiff competition from french and german airlines that were enjoying heavy government subsidies the airline was a pioneer in surveying and opening up air routes across the world to serve far flung parts of the british empire and to enhance trade and integration 37 the first new airliner ordered by imperial airways was the handley page w8f city of washington delivered on 3 november 1924 38 in the first year of operation the company carried 11 395 passengers and 212 380 letters in april 1925 the film the lost world became the first film to be screened for passengers on a scheduled airliner flight when it was shown on the london paris route two french airlines also merged to form air union on 1 january 1923 this later merged with four other french airlines to become air france the country s flagship carrier to this day on 17 may 1933 39 on 6 january 1926 two german airlines deutsche aero lloyd dal and junkers luftverkehr merged to form deutsche luft hansa aktiengesellschaft in 1933 the airline simplified its name to deutsche lufthansa 40 lufthansa due to the junkers heritage and unlike most other airlines at the time became a major investor in airlines outside of europe providing capital to varig and avianca citation needed post war transport aircraft designed by germans junkers dornier and dutch anthony fokker were among the most successful in the world at the time due to their cantilevered wings eliminating the need for external struts or braces 41 expansion edit in 1926 alan cobham surveyed a flight route from the uk to cape town south africa following this up with another proving flight to melbourne australia other routes to british india and the far east were also charted and demonstrated at this time regular services to cairo and basra began in 1927 and were extended to karachi in 1929 the london australia service was inaugurated in 1932 with the handley page hp 42 airliners further services were opened up to calcutta rangoon singapore brisbane and hong kong passengers departed london on 14 march 1936 following the establishment of a branch from penang to hong kong 42 april 1935 map showing imperial airways routes from the uk to australia and south africa france began an air mail service to morocco in 1919 that was bought out in 1927 renamed aéropostale and injected with capital to become a major international carrier in 1933 aéropostale went bankrupt was nationalized and merged into air france 43 although germany lacked colonies it also began expanding its services globally in 1931 the airship graf zeppelin began offering regular scheduled passenger service between germany and south america usually every two weeks which continued until 1937 44 in 1936 the airship hindenburg entered passenger service and successfully crossed the atlantic 36 times before crashing at lakehurst new jersey on 6 may 1937 45 in 1938 a weekly air service from berlin to kabul afghanistan started operating 46 from february 1934 until world war ii began in 1939 deutsche lufthansa operated an airmail service from stuttgart germany via spain the canary islands and west africa to natal in brazil this was the first time an airline flew across an ocean 47 48 by the end of the 1930s aeroflot had become the world s largest airline employing more than 4 000 pilots and 60 000 other service personnel and operating around 3 000 aircraft of which 75 were considered obsolete by its own standards during the soviet era aeroflot was synonymous with russian civil aviation as it was the only air carrier it became the first airline in the world to operate sustained regular jet services on 15 september 1956 with the tupolev tu 104 49 deregulation edit deregulation of the european union airspace in the early 1990s has had substantial effect on the structure of the industry there the shift towards budget airlines on shorter routes has been significant airlines such as easyjet and ryanair have often grown at the expense of the traditional national airlines citation needed there has also been a trend for these national airlines themselves to be privatized such as has occurred for aer lingus and british airways other national airlines including italy s alitalia suffered particularly with the rapid increase of oil prices in early 2008 50 united states edit main article air transportation in the united states early development edit twa douglas dc 3 in 1940 the dc 3 often regarded as one of the most influential aircraft in the history of commercial aviation revolutionized air travel tony jannus conducted the united states first scheduled commercial airline flight on january 1 1914 for the st petersburg tampa airboat line 51 the 23 minute flight traveled between st petersburg florida and tampa florida passing some 50 feet 15 m above tampa bay in jannus benoist xiv wood and muslin biplane flying boat his passenger was a former mayor of st petersburg who paid 400 for the privilege of sitting on a wooden bench in the open cockpit the airboat line operated for about four months carrying more than 1 200 passengers who paid 5 each 52 chalk s international airlines claimed to have begun a service between miami and bimini in the bahamas in february 1919 based in ft lauderdale chalk s claimed to be the oldest continuously operating airline in the united states until its closure in 2008 53 54 55 following world war i the united states found itself swamped with aviators many decided to take their war surplus aircraft on barnstorming campaigns performing aerobatic maneuvers to woo crowds in 1918 the united states post office department won the financial backing of congress to begin experimenting with air mail service initially using curtiss jenny 56 aircraft that had been procured by the united states army air service private operators were the first to fly the mail but due to numerous accidents the us army was tasked with mail delivery during the army s involvement they proved to be too unreliable and lost their air mail duties 57 by the mid 1920s the post office had developed its own air mail network based on a transcontinental backbone between new york city and san francisco 58 to supplement this service they offered twelve contracts for spur routes to independent bidders some of the carriers that won these routes would through time and mergers evolve into pan am delta air lines braniff airways american airlines united airlines originally a division of boeing trans world airlines northwest airlines and eastern air lines service during the early 1920s was sporadic most airlines at the time were focused on carrying bags of mail in 1925 however the ford motor company bought out the stout aircraft company and began construction of the all metal ford trimotor which became the first successful american airliner with a 12 passenger capacity the trimotor made passenger service potentially profitable 59 air service was seen as a supplement to rail service in the american transportation network at the same time juan trippe began a crusade to create an air network that would link america to the world and he achieved this goal through his airline pan am with a fleet of flying boats that linked los angeles to shanghai and boston to london pan am and northwest airways which began flights to canada in the 1920s were the only u s 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