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fauna 3 3 geology 4 government and politics toggle government and politics subsection 4 1 administrative divisions 4 2 foreign relations 4 2 1 the commonwealth 4 2 2 organization of american states oas 4 2 3 double taxation relief caricom treaty 4 2 4 fatca 4 2 5 alba 4 3 military 4 4 human rights 4 5 lbgt rights 5 economy toggle economy subsection 5 1 agriculture and exports 5 2 nutmeg industry 5 3 tourism 5 4 transport 5 4 1 air travel 5 4 2 buses 5 4 3 taxis 6 demographics toggle demographics subsection 6 1 languages 6 2 religion 6 3 education 7 culture toggle culture subsection 7 1 media 7 2 sports 7 2 1 olympics 7 2 2 cricket 7 2 3 football 8 see also 9 notes 10 references 11 further reading 12 external links toggle the table of contents grenada 215 languages аԥсшәа afrikaans alemannisch አማርኛ aragonés ænglisc अंगिका العربية الدارجة مصرى asturianu aymar aru azərbaycanca تۆرکجه башҡортса basa bali boarisch žemaitėška bikol central беларуская тарашкевіца беларуская betawi български 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this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikinews wikivoyage wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide coordinates 12 06 n 61 42 w 12 1 n 61 7 w 12 1 61 7 from wikipedia the free encyclopedia country in the caribbean this article is about the island country in the caribbean for other uses see grenada disambiguation not to be confused with granada in spain grenada flag coat of arms motto ever conscious of god we aspire build and advance as one people 1 anthem hail grenada royal anthem god save the king a show globe show map of grenada capital and largest city st george s 12 3 14 n 61 44 43 w 12 05389 n 61 74528 w 12 05389 61 74528 grenada house of parliament official languages english ethnic groups 2020 4 82 4 afro caribbean 13 3 mixed 2 2 indian 1 3 other 0 9 unspecified religion 2020 5 96 6 christianity 48 8 protestantism 39 2 catholicism 8 6 other christian 1 3 hinduism 1 0 no religion 0 7 rastafari 0 4 other demonym grenadian 6 government unitary constitutional monarchy monarch charles iii governor general dame cécile la grenade prime minister dickon mitchell legislature parliament upper house senate lower house house of representatives formation associated state 3 march 1967 independence from the united kingdom 7 february 1974 grenadian revolution 13 march 1979 constitution restoration 4 december 1984 area total 344 7 km 2 133 sq mi 185th water 1 6 population 2024 estimate 114 621 7 181st density 333 km 2 862 5 sq mi 38th gdp ppp 2023 estimate total 2 3 billion 8 per capita 20 195 8 gdp nominal 2023 estimate total 1 3 billion 8 per capita 11 437 8 gini 2018 43 8 9 medium inequality hdi 2023 0 791 10 high 80th currency eastern caribbean dollar xcd time zone utc 4 ast calling code 1 iso 3166 code gd internet tld gd plus trace of arawak kalinago grenada b is an archipelagic country of the west indies in the eastern caribbean sea the southernmost of the windward islands grenada is directly south of saint vincent and the grenadines and about 100 miles 160 km north of trinidad and the south american mainland grenada consists of the island of grenada itself two smaller islands carriacou and petite martinique and several small islands that lie to the north of the main island and are a part of the grenadines its size is 344 square kilometres 133 sq mi with an estimated population of 114 621 in 2024 7 its capital is st george s 7 grenada is also known as the island of spice due to its production of nutmeg and mace 11 before the arrival of europeans in the americas grenada was inhabited by indigenous peoples from south america called kalinago 12 christopher columbus sighted grenada in 1498 during his third voyage to the americas 7 following several unsuccessful attempts by europeans to colonise the island due to resistance from resident kalinago people french settlement and colonisation began in 1649 and continued for the next century 13 between 1669 and 1808 according to the voyages database approximately 127 600 african slaves were brought to grenada by the british and french on 10 february 1763 grenada was ceded to the british under the treaty of paris british rule continued until 1974 except for a brief french takeover between 1779 and 1783 from 1958 to 1962 grenada was part of the federation of the west indies a short lived federation of british west indian colonies 14 on 3 march 1967 it was granted full autonomy over its internal affairs as an associated state independence was granted on 7 february 1974 under the leadership of eric gairy who became the first prime minister of grenada as a sovereign state the new country became a member of the commonwealth of nations with queen elizabeth ii as head of state 7 in march 1979 the marxist leninist new jewel movement overthrew gairy s government in a coup and established the people s revolutionary government prg a de facto dictatorship headed by maurice bishop as prime minister 15 bishop was later arrested and executed by members of the people s revolutionary army pra which was followed by a u s led invasion in october 1983 the current head of state is king charles iii king of grenada who is represented by the governor general of grenada etymology edit the origin of the name grenada is obscure but spanish sailors likely named the island for the city of granada 7 16 the name granada was recorded by spanish maps in the 1520s and referred to the islands to the north as los granadillos little granadas 13 although those named islands were deemed the property of the king of spain there are no records to suggest the spanish ever attempted to settle grenada 17 the french maintained the name as la grenade in french after settlement and colonisation in 1649 13 on 10 february 1763 the island of la grenade was ceded to the british under the treaty of paris the british renamed it grenada one of many place name anglicisations they made there 18 the island was given its first european name by christopher columbus who sighted it on his third voyage to the region in 1498 and named it la concepción in honour of the virgin mary reportedly he may have actually named it assumpción but this is uncertain as he is said to have sighted what are now grenada and tobago from a distance and named them both at the same time however it became accepted that he named tobago assumpción and grenada la concepción 16 the year after italian explorer amerigo vespucci travelled through the region with the spanish explorer alonso de ojeda and mapmaker juan de la cosa vespucci is reported to have renamed the island mayo although this is the only map where the name appears 17 the indigenous arawak who once lived on the island before the arrival of the europeans gave the name camajuya 19 history edit main article history of grenada precolumbian history edit grenada is thought to have been first populated by peoples from south america during the caribbean archaic age although definitive evidence is lacking the earliest potential human presence comes from proxy evidence of lake cores beginning c 3600 bc 20 less ephemeral permanent villages began c 100 200 12 the population peaked between 750 and 1250 with major changes in population afterward potentially the result of either the carib invasion although highly contested 21 regional droughts or both 22 european arrival edit in 1498 christopher columbus was the first european to report sighting grenada during his third voyage naming it la concepción but amerigo vespucci may have renamed it mayo in 1499 23 although it was deemed the property of the king of spain there are no records to suggest the spanish attempted to settle however various europeans are known to have passed and both fought and traded with the indigenous peoples there 13 the first known settlement attempt was a failed venture by the english in 1609 who were massacred and driven away by the native carib peoples 14 23 24 french colony and slavery 1649 1763 edit main article french west indies in 1649 a french expedition of 203 men from martinique led by jacques dyel du parquet founded a permanent settlement on grenada 14 23 24 they signed a peace treaty with the carib chief kairouane but within months conflict broke out between the two communities 25 26 this lasted until 1654 when the island was completely subjugated by the french 27 warfare continued during the 1600s between the french on grenada and the caribs of present day dominica and st vincent and the grenadines chocolate was brought to grenada in 1714 with the introduction of cocoa beans 28 the french named their new colony la grenade and the economy was initially based on sugar cane and indigo worked by african slaves via the transatlantic slave trade 29 according to records during the french colonial period circa 1659 1762 the number of slaves on grenada rose from about 222 in 1669 to roughly 15 200 by 1763 the french established a capital known as fort royal later st george s to shelter from hurricanes the french navy would often take refuge in the capital s natural harbour as no nearby french islands had a natural harbour to compare with that of fort royal the british captured grenada in the seven years war in 1762 23 british colony slavery and emancipation edit early colonial period and slavery edit main articles british west indies british windward islands and west indies federation the island of grenada and port saint georges in 1776 grenada was formally ceded to britain by the treaty of paris in 1763 23 the french re captured the island during the american revolutionary war after comte d estaing won the bloody land and naval battle of grenada in july 1779 23 however the island was restored to britain with the treaty of versailles in 1783 23 a decade later dissatisfaction with british rule led to a pro french revolt in 1795 96 led by julien fédon which was successfully defeated by the british 30 31 as grenada s economy grew more and more slaves were transported to the island in 1785 grenada had 23 926 slaves and 1 115 free people of colour with around 996 european settlers according to the voyages trans atlantic slave trade database by 1807 britain had brought 114 000 slaves to grenada slavery was completely outlawed in 1833 leading to the emancipation of all slaves by 1838 23 32 to ease the subsequent labour shortage migrants from india were brought to grenada in 1857 14 24 nutmeg was introduced to grenada in 1843 when a merchant ship called in on its way to england from the east indies 14 24 the ship had a small quantity of nutmeg trees on board which they left in grenada nutmeg continues to be an important crop for the grenadine economy later colonial period after slavery edit in 1877 grenada was made a crown colony theophilus a marryshow founded the representative government association rga in 1918 to agitate for a new and participative constitutional dispensation for the grenadian people 33 due to marryshow s lobbying the wood commission of 1921 22 concluded that grenada was ready for constitutional reform in the form of a modified crown colony government this modification granted grenadians the right to elect five of the 15 legislative council members on a restricted property franchise enabling the wealthiest 4 of adult grenadians to vote 34 marryshow was named a commander of the order of the british empire cbe in 1943 35 in 1950 eric gairy founded the grenada united labour party gulp initially as a trade union which led to the 1951 general strike for better working conditions 14 24 36 this sparked great unrest and so many buildings were set ablaze that the disturbances became known as the sky red days on 10 october 1951 grenada held its first general elections based on universal adult suffrage 37 with gairy s party winning six of the eight seats contested 37 from 1958 to 1962 grenada was part of the federation of the west indies 14 23 24 after the federation s collapse grenada was granted full autonomy over its internal affairs as an associated state on 3 march 1967 23 herbert blaize of the grenada national party gnp was the first premier of the associated state of grenada from march to august 1967 eric gairy served as premier from august 1967 until february 1974 23 post independence era edit maurice bishop visiting east germany 1982 independence was granted on 7 february 1974 under the leadership of eric gairy who became the first prime minister of grenada 14 23 24 this is annually commemorated as independence day 38 grenada opted to remain within the commonwealth retaining queen elizabeth as monarch represented locally by a governor general civil conflict gradually broke out between eric gairy s government and some opposition parties including the marxist new jewel movement njm 23 gairy and the gulp won the 1976 grenadian general election albeit with a reduced majority 23 however the opposition deemed the results invalid due to fraud and the violent intimidation performed by the so called mongoose gang...
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