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tory guide on ipa symbols see help ipa the ladakhi language is a tibetic language spoken in the indian union territory of ladakh it is the predominant language in the buddhist dominated district of leh and a minority language in the district of kargil ladakhi has several dialects lehskat named after leh where it is spoken shamskat spoken northwest of leh stotskat spoken in the indus valley and which unlike the others is tonal nubra spoken north of leh the changthang language spoken in the changtang region by the changpa people and the zangskari language spoken in the zanskar region of ladakh name edit the ladakhi language tibetan ལ དྭགས སྐད wylie la dwags skad is also referred to as bhoti or bodhi 3 4 supporters of the bhoti name hold a lumper view of the language they use the term bhoti to refer to classical tibetan and treat as the one proper form of tibetic languages across the himalayas 5 this section of ladakhi society has demanded inclusion bhoti to the 8th schedule of the indian constitution they say that bhoti is spoken by ladakhis baltis tibetans and throughout the himalayas from baltistan to arunachal pradesh 6 7 5 the name bhoti or bodhi has connotations with tibetan buddhism a major religion in the area many ladakhi people contest this classification as there are also muslim christian hindu and sikh speakers of ladakhi 8 dialects edit the dialects of ladakhi are lehskat named after leh where it is spoken shamskat spoken northwest of leh in the sham region of ladakh stotskat spoken in the upper indus valley of ladakh and which unlike the others is tonal nubraskat spoken north of leh in the nubra region of ladakh classification edit nicolas tournadre considers ladakhi balti and purgi to be distinct languages on the basis of mutual intelligibility zangskari is not as distinct as a group they are termed ladakhi balti or western archaic tibetan 9 zangskari is a dialect of ladakhi spoken in zanskar and also spoken by buddhists in the upper reaches of lahaul himachal pradesh and paddar paldar 10 it has four subdialects stod zhung sham and lungna it is written using the tibetan script by buddhists and the arabic script by muslim and christian ladakhis 11 phonology edit consonants edit labial dental alveolar retroflex palatal velar glottal nasal m n̪ ɲ ŋ plosive affricate voiceless p t̪ t͡s ʈ t͡ʃ k aspirated pʰ t̪ʰ t͡sʰ ʈʰ t͡ʃʰ kʰ voiced b d̪ d͡z ɖ d͡ʒ ɡ fricative voiceless s ʂ ʃ h voiced z ʒ trill r lateral plain l murmured lʱ semivowel w j b d ɡ can fricative sounds β ð ɣ as allophones that occur within free variation k has an allophone of a retracted velar stop k̠ l r can have allophones l̥ r̥ when occurring initially before a voiceless consonant 12 vowels edit ladakhi has a regular five vowel system but with a being replaced with ə making it unusual as most languages have a 12 front central back close i u mid e ə o vowels with allophones front central back close i u close mid e o mid ɛ̝ ə ɔ̝ open mid ɐ open ä allophones of ə in word final position are heard as ä ɐ allophones of e o are heard as ɛ̝ ɔ̝ allophones occur in free variation 12 script edit ladakhi is usually written using tibetan script and the pronunciation of ladakhi is much closer to written classical tibetan than that of most other tibetic languages ladakhis pronounce many of the prefix suffix and head letters that are silent in many other tibetic languages in particular the central tibetan 13 this tendency is more pronounced to the west of leh and on the pakistani side of the line of control in baltistan although the pronunciation is relatively conservative the ladakhi language has accumulated significant grammatical differences from the classical written language 14 the question of whether to write colloquial ladakhi phalskat in the tibetan script or to write an only slightly ladakhified version of classical tibetan choskat is controversial in ladakh 15 muslim ladakhis speak ladakhi but most do not read the tibetan script most buddhist ladakhis can sound out the tibetan script but do not understand classical tibetan yet many ladakhi buddhist scholars insist that ladakhi must be written only in a form of classical tibetan seeing the vernacular based orthography only as deviation from the proper language 14 a limited number of books and magazines have been published in colloquial ladakhi one example being ladags melong from secmol 14 in ladakhi language it is customary to add the suffix le at the end of sentences as a sign of respect towards the individual being spoken to 16 this linguistic convention is a way to express politeness and honor towards the listener emphasizing the cultural values of respect and courtesy written ladakhi is most often romanised using modified wylie transliteration with th denoting an aspirated dental t for example grammar edit nouns edit ladakhi nouns inflect for number and case there are two numbers singular unmarked and plural indicated by kun gun or sək 12 for example khəŋpə house khəŋpə gun khəŋpə kun khəŋpə sək house s khəŋpə khəŋpə gun khəŋpə kun khəŋpə sək house house s plurality is usually unmarked when it is clear from context there are 7 cases 12 direct case ergative case dative case instrumental case associative case ablative case genitive case references edit abstract of speakers strength of languages and mother tongues 2011 pdf archived from the original pdf on 19 april 2022 retrieved 25 february 2023 the ladakh official languages regulation 2025 pdf the gazette of india 2 june 2025 retrieved 27 june 2025 omniglot ladakhi language introduction archived 8 november 2021 at the wayback machine the himalayan initiatives retrieved 23 january 2021 namgial eshay spring summer 2018 ladakhi an off shoot of classical tibetan language the tibet journal 43 1 35 47 jstor 26634904 1 2 sherab khanpo k bhoti or ladakhi what should we call our language stawa tsewang rigzin 13 september 2013 national seminar on bhoti language held at leh reach ladakh archived from the original on 24 september 2013 ladakh council adopts new emblem replacing j k logo hindustan times press trust of india 27 february 2011 archived from the original on 1 march 2011 retrieved 27 february 2011 wahid siddiq 13 may 2022 is bhoti a language religious affiliation sanskrit diminutive or political tool outlook retrieved 12 may 2023 tournadre nicolas 2005 l aire linguistique tibétaine et ses divers dialectes pdf lalies pp 7 56 beek martijn van pirie fernanda 2008 modern ladakh anthropological perspectives on continuity and change brill isbn 978 90 04 16713 1 oclc 896146052 cite book cs1 maint multiple names authors list link shakspo nawang tsering 2005 tibetan bhoti an endangered script in trans himalaya the tibet journal 30 1 61 64 jstor 43301113 1 2 3 4 5 koshal sanyukta 1979 ladakhi grammar delhi motilal banarsidass isbn 0896840522 bielmeier roland 1985 a survey of the development of western and south western tibetan dialects in barbara nimri aziz and matthew kapstein eds soundings in tibetan civilisation 1 2 3 zeisler bettina 2006 why ladakhi must not be written being part of the great tradition another kind of global thinking in anju saxena lars borin eds lesser known languages of south asia p 178 van beek martijn 2008 imaginaries of ladakhi modernity in barnett robert schwartz ronald david eds tibetan modernities notes from the field on cultural and social change brill pp 178 179 yangdol dechen ladakhi language external links edit wikibooks has a book on the topic of research on tibetan languages a bibliography wikivoyage has a phrasebook for lakakhi a h francke 1901 a sketch of ladakhi grammar journal of the royal asiatic society of bengal 70 1 archived 29 july 2013 at the wayback machine ladakhi language test of wikipedia at wikimedia incubator v t e sino tibetan languages sinitic chinese mandarin yue hakka min wu hui gan xiang jin pinghua bai cai long caijia longjia luren tibeto burman bodish tibetan central amdo khams dzongkha ladakhi balti lahuli spiti kyirong kagate sherpa jirel east bodish tshangla basum nam burmo qiangic lolo burmese burmish burmese standard intha danu rakhine tavoyan achang lhao vo lashi zaiwa mondzish loloish qiangic gyalrongic ersuic naic greater magaric magaric magar kham chepangic chepang bhujel raji raute dura tandrange naga ao angami pochuri meitei tangkhulic western naga zeliangrong sal boro garo konyak jingpho luish gongduk ʼole kho bwa puroik tani chamdo tujia nungish karenic gong kathu west himalayish tamangic newaric newar baram thangmi kiranti dhimalish dhimal toto lhokpu lepcha karbi kuki chin miju mruic mru hkongso pyu taman bailang proposed groupings central tibeto burman kuki chin naga macro bai mahakiranti rung tibeto kanauri proto languages proto sino tibetan proto tibeto burman proto loloish proto karenic proto min proto hakka italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches v t e bodic tibeto kanauri languages west himalayish western lahaulic pattani tinani kinnauric kanashi kinnauri chitkuli shumcho jangshung eastern central bunan rongpo marcha tolcha sunam zhang zhung almora rangas darmiya chaudangsi byangsi dhuleli bodish tibetic central tibetan central tibetan ü tsang standard tibetan mugom amdo amdo tibetan gserpa khalong mdungnag kham eastern khams tibetan tseku baima choni zhongu dongwang drugchu stonggnyen zitsadegu southern sikkimese bhutia dzongkha bhutanese khamba laya lunana groma brokkat brokpa chochangachakha lakha naapa western ladakhi balti western archaic ladakhi zangskari changthang purgi balti lahuli spiti western innovative lahuli stod bhoti spiti bhoti nyamkat tukpa jad sherpa jirel sherpa jirel kyirong kagate kyirong kagate tsum yolmo nubri gyalsumdo tshangla east bodish tshangla tshangla east bodish takpa dzala nyen chali bumthang kheng kurtöp nupbi ʼole basum basum tamangic tgtm tamang gurung thakali seke manang chantyal ghale ghale kutang kaike kaike v t e languages of ladakh sino tibetan languages ladakhi balti purgi zangskari changthang indo aryan languages shina brokskat other languages tibetan v t e languages of india official languages union level hindi english 8th schedule to the constitution of india classical assamese bengali kannada malayalam marathi odia sanskrit tamil telugu non classical bodo dogri gujarati hindi kashmiri konkani maithili meitei manipuri nepali punjabi santali sindhi urdu state level only angika bhojpuri chhattisgarhi garo gurung ho kamatapuri kharia khasi khortha kokborok kurmali kurukh lepcha limbu magahi magar mizo mundari newari rai rajbangshi sadri sherpa sikkimese sunwar tamang major unofficial languages over 1 million speakers awadhi bagheli bagri bajjika bhili bundeli braj dhundhari garhwali gondi harauti haryanvi kangri khandeshi kumaoni lambadi malvi marwari mewari nimadi rajasthani surjapuri tulu wagdi varhadi 100 000 1 million speakers adi angami ao badaga dimasa halbi karbi khotta kodava kolami konyak korku koya kui kuvi ladakhi lotha malto mising nishi phom rabha sema sora tangkhul thadou linguistic history classical multilingualism endangered scheduled languages in states v t e union territory of ladakh capital kargil leh state symbols animal snow leopard bird black necked crane history pre independent india maryul namgyal dynasty of ladakh tibet ladakh mughal war treaty of tingmosgang dogra tibetan war princely state of jammu and kashmir post independent india 1947 1948 india pakistan war 1948 military operations in ladakh 1971 battle of turtuk 2010 ladakh floods 2019 jammu and kashmir and ladakh reorganisation conflicts demchok conflict india china conflict india pakistan conflict kashmir conflict siachen conflict administration districts politics of ladakh ladakh autonomous hill development council kargil ladakh autonomous hill development council leh ladakh police ladakh renewable energy development agency jammu and kashmir high court lieutenant governors ladakh lok sabha constituency geography general four types of himalayan ranges geology of the himalaya ranges baltoro muztagh ladakh range saltoro mountains zanskar range kailash range plateau depsang plains more plains sirijap teram shehr plateau valleys leh rupshu salt valley mushkoh valley padum shyok suru valley nubra zanskar aryan valley glaciers chumik glacier drang drung glacier machoi glacier parkachik glacier shafat glacier siachen glacier lakes tso moriri pangong tso rivers sutlej beas ravi shyok chenab drass river indus zanskar tsarap doda yapola suru river markha galwan chip chap passes bilafond la chang la fotu la gyong la indira col karakoram pass khardung la kongka pass lachulung la taglang la marsimik la namika la pensi la rezang la rimo sasser pass sia la shingo la spanggur gap zoji la mountain peaks bana top chumik kangri ghent kangri gurung hill india saddle k12 saltoro kangri sherpi kangri tiger saddle human settlements meenamarg burtse chalunka chemrey chushul daulat beg oldi demchok diskit dras dzingrulma fukche hemis hanle kargil khalatse leh likir murgo nimo nyoma padum panamik purne rangdum sankoo sasoma shey shyok thiksey thoise turtuk ukdungle upshi zangla culture general music of ladakh languages ladakhi purgi balti zangskari changthang brokskat festivals bono na festival tourism and wildlife wildlife changthang wildlife sanctuary hemis national park karakoram wildlife sanctuary tourism khurnak fort ladakh marathon shanti stupa ladakh siachen base camp indo tibetan buddhist monasteries alchi bardan basgo chemrey diskit hanle hemis hundur korzok karsha lamayuru likir lingshed mashro matho monastery mulbekh namgyal tsemo phugtal phyang rangdum rizong sani sankar saspul shey monastery spituk stakna stok stongdey takthok thikse tserkarmo tonde wanla zangla zongkul transport airports kargil airport kushok bakula rimpochee airport leh military agls roads darbuk shyok dbo road india china border roads leh manali highway nh1 leh kargil srinagar highway nimmu padum darcha road under construction sasoma saser la road railway bhanupli leh line planned srinagar leh line planned infrastructure general indian astronomical observatory dams and hydroelectric project chutak dumkhar salal education central institute of buddhist studies defence institute of high altitude research druk white lotus school government degree college kargil phuktal monastic school students educational and cultural movement of ladakh university of ladakh see also borders line of actual control line of control actual ground position line other curious bro roadsigns authority control databases national united states france bnf data israel other yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title ladakhi_language oldid 1366459491 categories bodic languages languages of ladakh culture of ladakh languages written in tibetan script hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata use dmy dates from february 2020 use indian english from february 2020 all wikipedia articles written in indian english iso language ...
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