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continental divide wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 divides by continent toggle divides by continent subsection 1 1 africa 1 2 antarctica 1 3 australia 1 4 eurasia 1 4 1 british isles 1 5 north america 1 6 south america 2 see also 3 references 4 external links toggle the table of contents continental divide 13 languages azərbaycanca català deutsch español français hausa 日本語 къарачай малкъар latina português русский simple english shqip edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia drainage divide on a continent this article is about hydrological continental divides in general for geophysical or geopolitical boundaries see boundaries between the continents for other uses see continental divide disambiguation major continental divides showing drainage into the major oceans and seas of the world grey areas are endorheic basins that do not drain to the ocean a continental divide is a drainage divide on a continent such that the drainage basin on one side of the divide feeds into one ocean or sea and the basin on the other side either feeds into a different ocean or sea or else is endorheic not connected to the open sea every continent on earth except antarctica which has no known significant definable free flowing surface rivers has at least one continental drainage divide islands even small ones like killiniq island on the labrador sea in canada may also host part of a continental divide or have their own island spanning divide the endpoints of a continental divide may be coastlines of gulfs seas or oceans the boundary of an endorheic basin or another continental divide one case the great basin divide is a closed loop around an endorheic basin the endpoints where a continental divide meets the coast are not always definite since the exact border between adjacent bodies of water is usually not clearly defined the international hydrographic organization s publication limits of oceans and seas defines exact boundaries of oceans but it is not universally recognized where a continental divide meets an endorheic basin such as the great divide basin of wyoming the continental divide splits and encircles the basin where two divides intersect they form a triple divide or a tripoint a junction where three watersheds meet whether a divide is considered a continental divide distinguished from other secondary drainage divides may depend on whether the associated gulfs seas or oceans are considered separate for example the gulf of mexico is considered separate from the atlantic ocean so the eastern continental divide separates their respective watersheds but the sea of cortez is usually not considered separate from the pacific ocean so the divide between the colorado river watershed which drains to the sea of cortez and the columbia river watershed which drains to the pacific ocean is not considered to be a continental divide together continental divides demarcate a set of drainage basins or watersheds each of which drains to a specific ocean sea or gulf such as the north american atlantic seaboard watershed which is demarcated by the eastern continental divide and great lakes st lawrence divide divides by continent edit note a continent for the purpose of water divides may not correspond to a geopolitical or geophysical continent africa edit in africa the most significant continental divide is the congo nile divide between the watersheds of the nile and the congo passing through the area of the african great lakes between the congo and the sahara a vast area drains into the endorheic lake chad puncturing the atlantic mediterranean divide the mediterranean indian ocean divide is punctured in east africa by the endorheic lake systems of the east african rift in the south of the continent the divide between the atlantic and indian oceans snakes between the watersheds of the congo zambezi limpopo and orange rivers with the okavango terminating in the kalahari desert antarctica edit antarctica is not generally considered to have a continental divide the interior of antarctica receives very little precipitation and that in the form of snow and the continent is surrounded by the southern ocean the transantarctic mountains divide the ice streams draining west antarctica into the ronne ice shelf toward the pacific ocean and into the ross ice shelf from those draining east antarctica toward the atlantic and indian oceans australia edit in australia the great dividing range or great divide largely separates those rivers flowing to the eastern seaboard and the pacific ocean from those flowing westward to the murray darling basin and to the southern ocean or to the gulf of carpentaria or to the lake eyre basin two significant continental drainage divide tripoints are found along the great divide kennedy junction 1 marks the hydrological apex of waters running to the pacific ocean via the fitzroy basin the southern ocean via the murray darling basin and the lake eyre basin just a little to the north mitchell junction marks the hydrological apex of waters running to the indian ocean via the gulf of carpentaria and indonesian throughflow the pacific ocean via the burdekin basin and the lake eyre basin many of the continents interior rivers drain into the endorheic lake eyre basin which during previous ice ages was a much larger sea eurasia edit eurasia has various divides depending on the definition of ocean for example the mediterranean sea and its various lobes the atlantic ocean the arctic ocean the baltic sea the black sea and the north sea examples include asia himachal pradesh sutlej indus arabian sea lake baikal yenisei lena kara sea laptev sea perm krai urals volga pechora ob caspian sea arctic sea tibetan plateau himalayas indian ocean pacific ocean uttarakhand yamuna ganges bay of bengal europe the european watershed with the triple divide of north sea rhine black sea danube and mediterranean adriatic sea po at lunghin pass in the central eastern alps europe asia don volga black sea caspian sea british isles edit scottish watershed 2 north america edit see also watersheds of north america principal hydrological divides of north america the arctic divide or northern divide in northern and western canada separates the arctic ocean watershed from the hudson bay watershed the arctic divide runs from snow dome mountain on the edge of the columbia icefield in jasper national park on the eastern border of british columbia northeasterly across alberta saskatchewan the northwest territories and nunavut to northern baffin island then runs southeast along the spine of the island to the tip of meta incognita peninsula 3 the hamlet of kimmirut to the northwest on hudson strait is the nearest inhabited place this divide was a barrier to transportation until the methye portage in northwestern saskatchewan was discovered in 1778 which opened up the arctic rivers to the fur traders and became part of a transcontinental trade route from atlantic to pacific it was of significance in canadian history because it marked the northern boundary of rupert s land the trading monopoly area of the hudson s bay company 4 the continental divide of the americas also called the great divide and especially in alaska the pacific arctic divide separates the watersheds of the pacific ocean from those of the atlantic and arctic oceans it runs from the western tip of the seward peninsula in alaska through western canada along the crest of the rocky mountains including through glacier national park yellowstone national park and rocky mountain national park to new mexico from there it follows the crest of mexico s sierra madre occidental and extends to the tip of south america it is crossed by the panama canal at gatun lake by the two outlets of isa lake in yellowstone national park and by the two ocean creeks at parting of the waters the eastern continental divide in eastern united states separates the gulf of mexico watershed from the atlantic seaboard watershed it runs from near the middle of the northern border of pennsylvania southwesterly along the appalachian mountains to the city of atlanta georgia then southeasterly through the georgia plateau and swampy lowlands of florida to the lake okeechobee drainage basin in central florida the great basin divide in the western united states is a closed circuit that separates the great basin watershed from the pacific ocean watershed the region is bounded by the wasatch mountains to the east the sierra nevada and cascade ranges to the west and the snake river basin to the north in the south the divide extends to the boundary of the laguna salada watershed in the sonoran desert of the baja peninsula the laurentian divide separates the watershed of the atlantic ocean from that of hudson bay the western part of it from glacier national park in the rocky mountains to the great lakes watershed marked the northern boundary of the louisiana purchase and was the border between the united states and british north america until it was superseded by the 49th parallel in the treaty of 1818 in canada it historically marked the southern boundary of the fur trading monopoly area of the hudson s bay company and the easternmost portion still marks part of the boundary between quebec and labrador the divide traverses very flat terrain especially in north dakota causing many travelers to believe the sign marking the divide is a joke 5 the saint lawrence river divide separates the great lakes st lawrence basin from the rest of the atlantic ocean watershed two canals cross the divide the chicago sanitary and ship canal crosses the chicago portage and connects lake michigan to the mississippi river watershed and the erie canal connects lake erie to the hudson river watershed historically there were additional canals e g the ohio and erie canal but most of these are no longer in operation if the gulf of california or sea of cortez is considered to be separate from the pacific ocean there is a divide which separates the pacific ocean basin from the basin which drains into that gulf sea i e the colorado river basin the colorado river divide not an official name separates the colorado river basin which drains to the gulf of california from the pacific ocean basin it runs between the continental divide and great basin divide in wyoming it intersects the divides at the respective triple points three waters mountain colorado columbia mississippi at 43 23 13 n 109 46 58 w and commissary ridge triple divide colorado columbia great basin at 42 35 18 n 110 44 9 w the divide is very short running only about 90 miles south america edit in south america the continental divide of the americas lies along the andes in central chile and nearby areas of argentina the principal cordillera makes up the continental divide 6 this divide forms much of the argentina chile border in the miocene the continental divide in the principal cordillera was about 20 km to the west of the modern water divide 7 subsequent river incision shifted the divide to the east 7 compression and uplift in this part of the andes has continued into the present 7 from lácar lake and south there are numerous lakes on the eastern slopes that drain to the pacific crossing the line of highest peaks these lakes in patagonia are moraine dammed streams which used to drain to the atlantic rather than the pacific before the pleistocene glaciations citation needed see also edit bioceanic principle boundary treaty of 1881 between chile and argentina which boundary followed the ridgeline of the cordillera de los andes forming part of the continental divide of the americas in south america royal proclamation of 1763 which followed the eastern continental divide louisiana purchase whose northern boundary was the laurentian divide treaty of 1818 which redefined the u s british canadian boundary west of the great lakes from the laurentian divide to the 49th parallel references edit kennedy junction australian extremes march 18 2021 retrieved march 18 2021 in europe and internationally divides are called watersheds latin for unknown limits foster john e eccles w j 1985 fur trade the canadian encyclopedia the historica foundation of canada retrieved 2007 12 30 gonzalez mark 2007 continental divides in north dakota and north america pdf ndgs newsletter north dakota geographical society archived from the original pdf on 2013 01 17 retrieved 2009 03 29 orografía de mendoza el portal de mendoza in spanish cámara de turismo de mendoza and cooperativa el portal de mendoza 13 march 2014 retrieved june 29 2019 1 2 3 charrier reynaldo iturrizaga lafasam charretier sebastién regard vincent 2019 geomorphologic and glacial evolution of the cachapoal and southern maipo catchments in the andean principal cordillera central chile 34 35º s andean geology 46 2 240 278 doi 10 5027 andgeov46n2 3108 retrieved june 9 2019 external links edit nationalatlas gov continental divides in north dakota and north america by mark a gonzalez excellent article on america s other continental divides pdf 123 kib map of drainage basins in canada retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title continental_divide oldid 1347896674 categories drainage divides montane ecology hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata cs1 spanish language sources es all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from july 2019 this page was last edited on 9 april 2026 at 13 44 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents continental divide 13 languages add topic
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