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996 new york oxford pp 160 164 1996 laura f hawkins a new edition of the proto elamite text mdp 17 cuneiform digital library journal cdlj 2015 001 2015 kelley kathryn et al image aware language modeling for proto elamite lingue e linguaggio 21 2 pp 261 294 2022 matthews roger et al information revolutions and information transitions counting sealing writing in iran 10 000 300 bc journal of ancient near eastern history 2025 scheil v documents archaïques en écriture proto élamite revue biblique 1892 1940 vol 2 no 3 pp 372 76 1905 francois vallat the most ancient scripts of iran the current situation world archaeology vol 17 no 3 early writing systems pp 335 347 feb 1986 francois vallat les tablettes proto elamites de l acropole campagne 1972 cahiers de la delegation archeologique francaise en iran iii pp 93 105 1973 walker c b f elamite inscriptions in the british museum iran vol 18 pp 75 81 1980 yeganeh sepideh jamshidi correlation of sealings and content on proto elamite tablets four unpublished sealings in the national museum of iran iranica antiqua 56 pp 171 187 2021 yeganeh sepideh jamshidi et al complexity of proto elamite administration system insights from compositional data from sealings and tablets journal of archaeological science reports 61 104973 2025 yousefi zoshk rouhollah hassan afshari salaki and donya etemadifar agricultural practices in proto elamite susa an analysis of proto elamite tablets at iran national museum mdp 26 journal of iran national museum 3 1 e721176 2025 external links edit interview with francois desset on his proposed decipherment the postil magazine sep 2021 cuneiform digital library initiative wiki proto elamite cdli ox ac uk university of oxford crowdsourcing materials proposal to encode proto elamite in unicode anshuman pandey august 18 2023 proto elamite tablets online at cdli v t e types of writing systems overview history of writing grapheme lists writing systems undeciphered inventors constructed languages by writing system by first written accounts types abjads numerals aramaic hatran arabic elifba egyptian hieroglyphs elymaic hebrew ashuri cursive rashi solitreo tifinagh mandaic manichaean nabataean ancient north arabian paleo hebrew pahlavi book inscriptional inscriptional parthian psalter pegon phoenician pitman shorthand proto sinaitic punic samaritan south arabian zabur musnad sogdian syriac ʾesṭrangēlā serṭā maḏnḥāyā teeline shorthand ugaritic abugidas brahmic northern bengali assamese bhaiksuki brahmi script devanagari dogri gujarati gupta gurmukhi kaithi kalinga khema khojki khudabadi laṇḍā lepcha mahajani marchen meitei modi multani nagari nandinagari nepalese scripts bhujimol golmol himmol kummol kvemmol kurukh pachumol newar ranjana tamyig tirhuta limbu litumol odia karani ʼphags pa sharada siddhaṃ soyombo sylheti nagri takri tibetan uchen umê tocharian zanabazar square southern ahom balinese batak baybayin bhattiprolu buda buhid chakma cham fakkham grantha goykanadi hanunoo javanese kadamba kannada karen kawi khmer khom thai kulitan lanna langdi lao leke lontara bilang bilang makasar malayalam old maldivian dhives akuru eveyla akuru mon burmese pallava pyu saurashtra shan sinhala sukhothai sundanese old sundanese tagbanwa tai le new tai lue tai noi tai tham tai viet lai tay tamil tamil brahmi tanchangya telugu thai tigalari ulu scripts incung lampung lembak ogan pasemah rejang serawai vatteluttu kolezhuthu malayanma others bharati boyd s syllabic shorthand canadian syllabics blackfoot déné syllabics dham fox i geʽez gunjala gondi japanese braille sarati jenticha kharosthi mandombe masaram gondi meroitic miao mwangwego pahawh hmong sorang sompeng tengwar thaana thomas natural shorthand warang citi rma alphabets linear adlam ariyaka armenian avestan pazend avoiuli bassa vah carian caucasian albanian cirth coelbren coorgi cox alphabet coptic cyrillic serbian early deseret duployan shorthand chinook eclectic shorthand elbasan enochian etruscan formosan fox ii franklin s phonetic fraser gabelsberger shorthand gadabuursi garay alphabet georgian asomtavruli nuskhuri mkhedruli veso bey glagolitic gothic gregg shorthand greek archaic greco iberian alphabet hangul hanifi hurûf ı munfasıla sunuwar kaddare kayah li klingon latin beneventan blackletter carolingian minuscule fraktur gaelic insular ipa kurrent merovingian sigla sütterlin tironian notes visigothic luo lycian lydian manchu medefaidrin mru mundari bani n ko ogham ol chiki old italic old permic orkhon yenisei old hungarian old uyghur mongolian evenki galik alphabet manchu oirat vagindra ol onal osage osmanya pau cin hau phrygian pisidian runic anglo saxon cipher dalecarlian elder futhark younger futhark gothic marcomannic medieval staveless shavian sidetic sorang sompeng sunuwar tifinagh todhri tolong siki vellara visible speech vithkuqi wancho warang citi yezidi zaghawa non linear braille flag semaphore maritime flags moon type new york point fingerspelling telegraph code ideograms adinkra aztec blissymbols dongba ersu shaba emoji isotype kaidā miꞌkmaw mixtec new epoch notation painting nsibidi anishinaabewibii iganan olmec siglas poveiras testerian yerkish zapotec logograms chinese family of scripts chinese characters simplified traditional oracle bone script bronze scripts seal script large small bird worm hanja kanji chữ nôm sawndip bowen chinese influenced jurchen khitan large script sui tangut cuneiform akkadian assyrian elamite hittite luwian sumerian other logosyllabic anatolian bagam cretan isthmian maya proto elamite tenevil wiigwaasabak yi classical logoconsonantal demotic hieratic hieroglyphs numerals hindu arabic abjad attic greek muisca roman other sitelen pona semi syllabaries full linear elamite celtiberian iberian northeastern southeastern khom dunging redundant espanca script pahawh hmong khitan small script southwest paleohispanic bopomofo quốc âm tân tự sign languages aslwrite signwriting si5s stokoe notation syllabaries afaka bamum bété byblos canadian aboriginal cherokee cypriot cypro minoan ditema tsa dinoko eskayan geba great lakes algonquian iban idu kana hiragana katakana man yōgana hentaigana sōgana jindai moji kikakui kpelle linear b linear elamite lisu loma nüshu nwagu aneke script old persian cuneiform sumerian vai woleai yi yugtun v t e braille braille cell 1829 braille international uniformity ascii braille unicode braille patterns braille scripts french ordered albanian cantonese catalan chinese mainland mandarin largely reassigned czech dutch 6 dot 8 dot english unified english esperanto french german ghanaian guarani hawaiian hungarian iñupiaq ipa irish italian latvian lithuanian luxembourgish extended to 8 dot maltese māori navajo nigerian philippine polish portuguese romanian samoan slovak south african spanish taiwanese mandarin largely reassigned turkish azerbaijani vietnamese welsh yugoslav zambian nordic family estonian faroese icelandic scandinavian danish finnish greenlandic northern sámi norwegian swedish russian lineage family i e cyrillic mediated scripts belarusian bulgarian kazakh kyrgyz mongolian russian tatar ukrainian egyptian lineage family i e arabic mediated scripts arabic persian urdu pakistan indian lineage family i e bharati braille devanagari hindi marathi nepali bengali bangla assamese gujarati kannada malayalam odia punjabi sinhala tamil telugu urdu india other scripts amharic armenian burmese dzongkha bhutanese georgian greek hebrew inuktitut reassigned vowels khmer thai and lao japanese vowels tibetan reordered algerian braille obsolete frequency based american braille obsolete independent chinese semi syllabaries cantonese mainland chinese mandarin taiwanese mandarin two cell chinese shuangpin japanese korean eight dot dutch luxembourgish kanji gardner salinas braille codes gs8 symbols in braille braille music canadian currency marks computer braille code gardner salinas braille codes science gs8 gs6 international phonetic alphabet ipa nemeth braille code braille technology braille e book braille embosser braille translator braille watch mountbatten brailler optical braille recognition perforation perkins brailler refreshable braille display slate and stylus braigo people louis braille charles barbier róża czacka valentin haüy harris mowbray thakur vishva narain singh maría del carmen ortiz de arce sabriye tenberken william bell wait organisations braille institute of america braille without borders japan braille library national braille association blindness organizations schools for the blind american printing house for the blind other tactile alphabets decapoint moon type new york point night writing vibratese related topics accessible publishing braille literacy robobraille v t e iran topics history prehistory ancient 3400 539 bc kura araxes culture 3400 2000 bc proto elamite civilization 3100 2700 bc elamite dynasties 2700 540 bc akkadian empire c 2334 bc c 2154 bc lullubi c 2300 675 bc kassites c 1595 c 1155 bc kingdom of mannai 10th 7th century bc neo assyrian empire 911 609 bc urartu 860 bc 590 bc median empire 678 549 bc scythian kingdom 652 625 bc neo babylonian empire 626 539 bc 550 bc ad 224 achaemenid empire 550 330 bc atropatene c 323 bc ad 226 kingdom of armenia 321 bc ad 428 kingdom of cappadocia 320s bc ad 17 seleucid empire 312 63 bc frataraka c 295 220 bc kingdom of pontus 281 bc ad 62 parthian empire 247 bc ad 224 kings of persis after 132 bc ad 224 ad 224 651 sasanian empire ad 224 651 medieval and early modern 632 1090 rashidun caliphate 632 661 umayyad caliphate 661 750 abbasid caliphate 750 1258 samanid dynasty 819 999 tahirid dynasty 821 873 alavid dynasty 864 928 saffarid dynasty 861 1003 ziyarid dynasty 931 1090 buyid dynasty 934 1062 977 1432 ghaznavid empire 977 1186 ghurid dynasty 1011 1215 seljuk empire 1037 1194 anushtegin dynasty 1077 1231 eldiguzids 1135 36 1225 kart dynasty 1244 1381 ilkhanate 1256 1335 muzaffarid dynasty 1314 1393 jalayirid sultanate dynasty 1335 1432 chobanid dynasty 1338 1357 1370 1925 timurid empire 1370 1507 qara qoyunlu turcomans 1374 1468 aq qoyunlu turcomans 1378 1508 safavid empire 1501 1736 afsharid empire 1736 1796 zand dynasty 1751 1794 qajar empire 1789 1925 khanates of azerbaijan 18th 20th centuries khanates of the caucasus 18th 19th centuries persian constitutional revolution 1905 1911 1908 bombardment of the majlis kurdish separatism in iran 1918 1921 persian coup d état arab separatism in khuzestan 1922 2020 modern 1925 1979 pahlavi dynasty 1925 1979 shatt al arab dispute 1936 1975 iran crisis of 1946 insurgency in balochistan 1948 1949 iranian constituent assembly election 1953 coup d état iranian revolution 1979 islamic republic 1979 present history 1979 interim government 1979 march 1979 iranian islamic republic referendum 1979 khuzestan insurgency iran hostage crisis 1979 1981 december 1979 iranian constitutional referendum iranian embassy siege 1980 nojeh coup plot 1980 iran iraq war 1980 1988 interim government of iran 1981 1981 1982 iran massacres 1987 mecca incident iran air flight 655 shootdown 1988 kdpi insurgency 1989 1996 pjak conflict 2004 2009 iranian presidential election protests syrian civil war 2011 2024 war against the islamic state 2014 joint comprehensive plan of action 2015 united states withdrawal 2018 2017 2018 iranian protests 2018 2019 iranian general strikes and protests covid 19 pandemic 2019 sistan and baluchestan protests 2019 2020 iranian protests 2021 sistan and baluchestan protests 2021 2022 iranian protests 2024 iran israel conflict 2025 twelve day war 2025 2026 iranian protests 2026 iran war see also ancient persians greater iran persianization persianate society turco persian indo persian iranic peoples languages jiroft culture aryans azerbaijanis peoples of the caucasus persians monarchs of persia heads of state of iran history of democracy in classical iran military history list of wars involving iran before 1979 list of wars involving islamic republic of iran electric history 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