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dit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide coordinates 42 41 29 n 23 18 48 e 42 6913 n 23 3134 e 42 6913 23 3134 from wikipedia the free encyclopedia eastern catholic church bulgarian greek catholic church classification eastern catholic structure eparchy pope leo xiv bishop of sofia petko valov associations congregation for the oriental churches region bulgaria language bulgarian liturgy byzantine rite headquarters cathedral of the dormition sofia bulgaria congregations 13 members 10 000 ministers 21 official website http www kae bg org part of a series on particular churches sui iuris of the catholic church latin cross and byzantine patriarchal cross particular churches are grouped by liturgical rite alexandrian rite coptic ethiopian eritrean armenian rite armenian byzantine rite albanian belarusian bulgarian croatian and serbian greek hungarian italo albanian macedonian melkite romanian russian ruthenian slovak ukrainian east syriac rite chaldean syro malabar latin liturgical rites latin west syriac rite maronite syriac syro malankara eastern catholic churches eastern catholic liturgy catholic church portal christianity portal v t e archbishop joseph sokolsky november 1872 raphael popov 1830 1876 bulgarian byzantine catholic bishop headquarters of the bulgarian greek catholic church in sofia bulgaria the bulgarian greek catholic church a is a sui iuris autonomous eastern catholic church based in bulgaria as a particular church of the catholic church it is in full communion with the holy see the church s liturgical usage is that of the byzantine rite in the bulgarian language the church is organized as a single eparchy the bulgarian greek catholic eparchy of sofia history edit middle ages edit under knyaz boris 853 889 the bulgarians accepted christianity in its byzantine form with the liturgy celebrated in church slavonic for a variety of reasons boris became interested in converting to christianity and undertook to do that at the hands of western clergymen to be supplied by louis the german in 863 however late in the same year the byzantine empire invaded bulgaria during a period of famine and natural disasters taken by surprise boris was forced to sue for peace and agreed to convert to christianity according to the eastern rites 1 his successor symeon the great 893 927 proclaimed an autonomous bulgarian patriarchate in 917 which won recognition from constantinople in 927 and lasted until the fall of the first bulgarian empire in 1018 in 1186 the bulgarian state regained its independence pope innocent iii had written to tsar kaloyan inviting him to unite his church with the catholic church as early as 1199 wanting to bear the title of emperor and to restore the prestige wealth and size of the first bulgarian empire kaloyan responded in 1202 in this political maneuver he requested that pope innocent iii bestow on him the imperial crown kaloyan also wanted the papacy to recognize the head of the bulgarian church as a patriarch 2 the pope was not willing to make concessions on that scale and when his envoy cardinal leo arrived in bulgaria he anointed the archbishop vasilij of tărnovo as primate of bulgarians kaloyan only received a uniate crown clarification needed but no imperial crown meanwhile in an attempt to foster an alliance with kaloyan the byzantine emperor alexios iii angelos recognized his imperial title and promised him patriarchal recognition in 1235 the patriarch of constantinople recognized the independence of the bulgarian church and the right of its leader to the patriarchal title the ottoman conquest of 1393 put an end to that patriarchate whose territory was reunited with that of constantinople in the succeeding centuries the bulgarian church was gradually hellenized greek was used in the liturgy and the bishops were ethnic greeks uniat movements edit the rise of nationalism in the 19th century brought opposition to this situation in the 19th century there were three main uniat movements in the then bulgarians populated lands they were connected to the nationalist emancipation from the greek dominated patriarchate of constantinople and its pro greek influence over the slavic population living in the thracian and macedonian lands the movement for union with rome initially won some 60 000 adherents but as a result of the sultan s establishment in 1870 of the bulgarian exarchate at least three quarters of these returned to orthodoxy by the end of the 19th century the clergy s numerous shifts from the orthodox to the catholic church and vice versa should not be viewed only as personal whims they are symptomatic of the foreign powers game that the clergy got involved after the june 1878 berlin treaty which left macedonia and thrace within the ottoman empire after it had been given to bulgaria with the march 1878 san stefano treaty thus in the interplay between the orthodox and the uniat doctrine bulgaria supported the orthodox exarchate and russia supported bulgaria the greek dominated patriarchate of constantinople supported the greek side france and the habsburg empire supported the uniats the support of the habsburg empire increased only after 1878 the ottoman empire s attitude was ambivalent sometimes supporting sometimes opposing the uniat movement depending on how it had to balance its own interests in the game with the great powers first uniat movement edit this is the background of the approaches that some influential bulgarians made to rome in 1859 1861 in the hope that union with rome would gain their church the freedom they felt constantinople was denying them the leading figure of the uniat movement was the bulgarian merchant dragan tsankov who had the support of catholic france he published the newspaper bulgaria in constantinople in which he advocated a union with the pope it criticized russia for its negative stance on the bulgarian church question and published historical documents on the good connections between the catholic church and the bulgarian kings in medieval times the first uniat movement originated in two centers kukush and constantinople 3 in 1859 kukush citizens wrote a letter to the pope in which they acknowledged his administrative and spiritual leadership in return they demanded that no changes should be introduced to their eastern rites of worship and that they would be the ones to choose their bishops and lower clergy with the approval of the pope the letter stated that the teachers at the church schools are to be chosen by the domestic clergy and the education is to be pursued in the bulgarian language and its national alphabet in 1861 archimandrite joseph sokolsky led a delegation to rome where he was received by pope pius ix the pope ordained him as the archbishop for bulgarian catholics of the byzantine rite on 8 april 1861 the new archbishop was associated with the bulgarian nationalist cause however we was recognized in his new capacity by the sublime porte however he was almost immediately removed on a russian ship and held in kiev for the remainder of his life by june 1861 there was no one in constantinople who could perform the bulgarian uniate services this situation was not remedied until 1863 when raphael popov was elected as bishop centered in adrianople at the same year a bulgarian uniate gymnasium at adrianople was founded 4 the first uniat movement spread into several towns and villages in macedonia and thrace but they did not yield any concrete results the reasons for the failure of the first uniat movement could be found in the political character of the movements rather than in the population s deep religious devotion the people demanded its domestic clergy they received it first through the patriarchate and then through the bulgarian exarchate which was finally established in 1870 second uniat movement edit the second uniat movement started again in kukush in 1874 nil izvorov the bulgarian orthodox bishop of kukush wrote a letter to the bulgarian uniat bishop in constantinople raphael popov saying that the will of the people in macedonia was to join the bulgarian uniat church after that he sent a letter to the pope as well asking him for a union his attempt of a union was successful and in the same year he held services in his new capacity of a uniat catholic bishop there are several interpretations of the reasons behind this union some authors stress izvorov s personal motivation to go for a union two months after izvorov arrived in kukush as an orthodox bishop he was called back to constantinople by the patriarchate and the russian diplomatic services looking for a way to remain in macedonia he first approached some anglican missionaries but he did not get any support from them only after that he turned to the lazarists in salonica and then to bishop popov in constantinople another researchers argued that izvorov was not happy with his own position in the exarchate but added that the population too was not happy with the division of the local dioceses by the patriarchate and the bulgarian exarchate and mistrusted both of them that is why the ordinary people had an interest to join the catholic church historical sources show that the ottoman government banned izvorov from entering kukush for several years bishop popov took over his duties in kukush but in 1876 he died under unknown circumstances in the same year izvorov was promoted to be the administering bishop of all uniat bulgarians directly subordinated to the apostolic delegate in constantinople after that he resumed his duties in macedonia that year he became active once again in central macedonia based at kukush in one five year period there were 57 catholic villages whilst the bulgarian uniate schools in the vilayet of thessaloniki reached 64 including the bulgarian uniate gymnasium at thessaloniki 5 several years later in 1883 he was promoted to archbishop of all uniat bulgarians and went to constantinople as of 1883 there were already two apostolic vicars bishop michail petkov in adrianople was responsible to thrace and bishop lazar mladenov in salonica to macedonia both subordinated to the archbishop nil izvorov in constantinople earlier on the followers of catholicism of the eastern rites had a joint hierarchy in 1884 izvorov went back to the bulgarian orthodox church the personality of bishop mladenov was not less controversial than that of bishop izvorov after the high porte cancelled his accreditation as bishop on the demand of the french consul in salonica in 1894 mladenov also turned to the bulgarian exarchate then he returned to the uniate church nevertheless this was the end of his career he stayed in a monastery until the end of his life third uniat movement edit by the end of the 19th century the bulgarian greek catholic church in macedonia was based in kukush with epiphany shanov as bishop after mladenov s excommunication in 1895 the other vicariat was that of the thrace it was led by mihail mirov who was proclaimed as also administering bishop of all uniat bulgarians with sead in constantinople as of 1907 in 1893 the internal macedonian adrianople revolutionary organization emerged as the main bulgarian factor in the macedonian and thracian lands in the late 1890s imaro was extremely anti catholic on its part the catholic church did not support imaro because it was against any revolutionary movements in the ottoman empire this attitude changed for a short period of time after the 1903 ilinden preobrazhenie uprising the ottoman terror following the failure of the uprising prompted the bulgarian exarchate and the bulgarian greek catholic church alike to embark on the same mission helping the people to cope with the tragedy however this rapprochement was short lived after 1903 the imaro revolutionaries and the exarchate continued to act against the catholic church the immediate effect of the partition of the ottoman empire during the balkan wars was the anti bulgarian campaign in areas under serbian and greek rule the serbians expelled bulgarian churchmen the greeks burned kukush the center of bulgarian politics and culture bulgarian language was prohibited and its surreptitious use whenever detected was ridiculed or punished 6 the ottomans managed to keep the adrianople region where the whole thracian bulgarian population was put to total ethnic cleansing by the young turks army 7 as a result of the 1912 1913 balkan wars and the 1914 1918 first world war many bulgarians fled from the territories of present day greece north macedonia and turkey to what is now bulgaria the bulgarian greek catholic church since the first world war edit this section needs more citations please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources bulgarian greek catholic church news newspapers books scholar jstor june 2026 learn how and when to remove this message in 1926 an apostolic exarchate was established in sofia for the pastoral care of the byzantine catholics in bulgaria this was arranged largely with the help of archbishop angelo roncalli the future pope john xxiii who in 1925 was named apostolic visitator and later apostolic delegate for bulgaria where he stayed until 1934 during the second world war bulgaria occupied the bigger part of macedonia and western thrace in 1941 the uniat parishes went under the jurisdiction of the apostolic exarchate in sofia many of the clergymen and the euharistinki sisters who had found refuge in bulgaria earlier returned to macedonia and thrace and resumed their work until the end of the war when bulgaria lost these territories again unlike other communist regimes in eastern europe the communist government that took power in bulgaria after world war ii did not abolish the byzantine catholic church but did subject it to severe religious persecution which is said to have been somewhat eased after the election of pope john xxiii on 28 october 1958 the church was elevated from an apostolic exarchate to a full eparchy by pope francis on 12 october 2019 8 primates edit apostolic vicariate of the bulgarians 1860 1883 apostolicus vicariatus bulgarorum archbishop joseph sokolsky 14 april 1861 18 june 1861 archimandrite parish priest petar arabadzhiysky 1861 1863 bishop raphael popov 14 march 1864 18 november 1865 as an apostolic administrator 19 november 1865 23 february 1876 as a bishop bishop nil izvorov 21 september 1876 6 april 1883 constantinople archdiocese of the bulgarians 1883 1926 archidioecesis constantinopolitanus bulgarorum archbishop nil izvorov 7 april 1883 3 july 1895 archbishop michael mirov 4 february 1907 17 august 1923 macedonian apostolic vicariate of the bulgarians centered in thessaloniki 1883 1926 apostolicus vicariatus macedoniaensis bulga...
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