Meta tags:
Headings (most frequently used words):
and, replication, the, hiv, contents, virology, diagnosis, research, treatment, transmission, history, see, also, references, further, reading, external, links, classification, structure, genome, tropism, cycle, spread, within, body, genetic, variability, origins, discovery, entry, to, cell, transcription, recombination, assembly, release,
Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (655), hiv (374), and (315), virus (153), pmid (137), doi (134), cell (102), for (89), that (88), from (83), aids (83), with (80), viral (69), pmc (66), are (64), infection (57), cells (55), human (49), this (46), bibcode (42), rna (41), science (39), may (37), immunodeficiency (37), s2cid (37), journal (36), transmission (34), viruses (32), have (31), infected (31), which (31), cd4 (30), new (29), retrieved (28), protein (28), into (28), two (28), genome (27), was (26), can (26), recombination (26), envelope (25), research (24), 2008 (23), disease (23), not (23), positive (22), more (22), been (22), genetic (21), 1016 (21), nature (21), high (21), host (21), dna (21), also (21), 1038 (20), has (20), these (20), replication (20), 2006 (19), siv (19), medicine (19), when (19), entry (19), 2009 (18), reverse (18), immune (18), archived (18), original (18), spread (18), national (17), single (17), africa (17), structure (17), during (17), virology (17), 1126 (17), april (17), use (16), 2016 (16), 2010 (16), receptor (16), 2017 (15), infectious (15), sex (15), health (15), patients (15), risk (15), through (15), its (15), proteins (15), were (15), diseases (14), infections (14), other (14), 2015 (14), 2001 (14), lentivirus (14), pdf (14), sexual (14), strains (14), macrophages (14), many (14), both (14), target (14), wikipedia (13), non (13), united (13), cellular (13), process (13), july (13), one (13), november (13), partner (13), called (13), such (13), september (12), transmitted (12), group (12), 2019 (12), 2005 (12), simian (12), type (12), nef (12), virion (12), cycle (12), between (12), most (12), copies (12), then (12), infect (12), first (11), 2013 (11), evolution (11), treatment (11), undetectable (11), subtypes (11), time (11), than (11), van (11), antiretroviral (11), couples (11), env (11), gag (11), antibodies (11), gp41 (11), article (11), species (11), subtype (11), membrane (11), gp120 (11), stranded (11), about (10), using (10), december (10), international (10), control (10), retrovirus (10), people (10), gallo (10), january (10), october (10), hahn (10), load (10), testing (10), blood (10), development (10), fusion (10), surface (10), does (10), cause (10), known (10), present (10), only (10), main (10), genomes (10), page (9), february (9), states (9), 2012 (9), 2002 (9), genital (9), gay (9), history (9), opportunistic (9), syndrome (9), prevention (9), chemokine (9), tropism (9), associated (9), august (9), transcription (9), lancet (9), african (9), had (9), sharp (9), after (9), therapy (9), studies (9), variants (9), mediated (9), three (9), particles (9), dendritic (9), structural (9), low (9), see (9), their (9), reactive (9), per (9), virions (9), transcriptase (9), grna (9), ccr5 (9), cxcr4 (9), view (8), contact (8), multiple (8), pages (8), all (8), source (8), 1998 (8), 1996 (8), sarcoma (8), hepatitis (8), male (8), world (8), men (8), who (8), patient (8), system (8), cdc (8), receptors (8), epidemic (8), 978 (8), isbn (8), march (8), june (8), montagnier (8), microbiology (8), but (8), where (8), chimpanzee (8), person (8), information (8), isolated (8), 1128 (8), jvi (8), rev (8), tropic (8), exposure (8), glycans (8), they (8), used (8), occur (8), well (8), humans (8), thought (8), genes (8), produce (8), binding (8), statement (7), wikidata (7), sexually (7), 2020 (7), 2014 (7), clinical (7), either (7), cases (7), society (7), free (7), resistance (7), drug (7), isolates (7), medical (7), acquired (7), release (7), centers (7), 1982 (7), 1371 (7), plos (7), central (7), origin (7), sequence (7), review (7), western (7), sciences (7), sivcpz (7), common (7), individual (7), genomic (7), assembly (7), different (7), long (7), repair (7), 116 (7), groups (7), same (7), including (7), result (7), mutation (7), spike (7), search (6), links (6), articles (6), lentiviruses (6), 2018 (6), 2011 (6), 2007 (6), 2004 (6), molecular (6), leukemia (6), htlv (6), general (6), hsv (6), york (6), day (6), global (6), kaposi (6), symptoms (6), diagnosis (6), classification (6), retroviruses (6), press (6), deficiency (6), american (6), times (6), 1981 (6), los (6), rise (6), colonial (6), increased (6), results (6), swiss (6), current (6), 1093 (6), found (6), forms (6), hosts (6), green (6), retroviral (6), tar (6), interaction (6), newly (6), endocytosis (6), primary (6), class (6), cleaved (6), following (6), term (6), function (6), another (6), reported (6), those (6), however (6), involved (6), within (6), become (6), test (6), form (6), composed (6), will (6), events (6), body (6), capsid (6), nucleus (6), allows (6), contents (5), available (5), under (5), need (5), number (5), move (5), 1983 (5), biology (5), discovery (5), made (5), variation (5), 2003 (5), 2000 (5), 1997 (5), year (5), derived (5), lymphotropic (5), monkey (5), america (5), reports (5), without (5), untransmittable (5), red (5), robert (5), origins (5), rate (5), hdl (5), response (5), update (5), further (5), mortality (5), report (5), name (5), among (5), pandemic (5), academy (5), needed (5), cities (5), leading (5), early (5), initial (5), evidence (5), diversity (5), bailes (5), populations (5), over (5), linked (5), them (5), study (5), years (5), lower (5), laboratory (5), indeterminate (5), estimated (5), 1097 (5), alamos (5), vaccine (5), activation (5), variability (5), natural (5), recent (5), kim (5), mechanisms (5), gp160 (5), expression (5), protease (5), nucleic (5), packaging (5), factors (5), specific (5), glycoproteins (5), course (5), cdna (5), major (5), molecules (5), element (5), neutralizing (5), antibody (5), out (5), now (5), case (5), believed (5), likely (5), resulting (5), due (5), sooty (5), infects (5), west (5), less (5), specimens (5), elisa (5), enzyme (5), plasma (5), recombinant (5), occurs (5), some (5), productive (5), pol (5), mature (5), thus (5), adaptation (5), each (5), particle (5), sense (5), rnas (5), bind (5), integrated (5), replicate (5), toggle (4), french (4), 2025 (4), causes (4), death (4), wikispecies (4), drugs (4), feline (4), related (4), retroviridae (4), herpes (4), pathogenic (4), syphilis (4), community (4), against (4), pneumocystis (4), prevalence (4), progression (4), 1002 (4), levy (4), internal (4), 1991 (4), discovered (4), 220 (4), weekly (4), 107 (4), homosexual (4), lymphadenopathy (4), 106 (4), 000 (4), several (4), zhu (4), 391 (4), century (4), extensive (4), santiago (4), 135 (4), chen (4), shaw (4), peeters (4), 313 (4), troglodytes (4), subsequent (4), acquisition (4), updated (4), transmissions (4), suppressive (4), jama (4), base (4), while (4), 143 (4), screening (4), task (4), force (4), 164 (4), lost (4), 1073 (4), pnas (4), proceedings (4), 1007 (4), virological (4), sattentau (4), transfer (4), glycoprotein (4), pathogens (4), life (4), important (4), prevent (4), changes (4), macrophage (4), complex (4), apoptosis (4), julien (4), epitopes (4), pritchard (4), cupo (4), generation (4), broadly (4), 342 (4), native (4), trimeric (4), few (4), named (4), separate (4), his (4), similar (4), often (4), example (4), anti (4), throughout (4), allowing (4), typically (4), relatively (4), mangabey (4), because (4), post (4), involves (4), step (4), specimen (4), blot (4), certain (4), tested (4), undergoes (4), adapted (4), recently (4), properties (4), contribute (4), fluid (4), interact (4), transported (4), immature (4), packaged (4), able (4), production (4), suggested (4), benefit (4), transcribed (4), mrnas (4), full (4), length (4), domains (4), change (4), ltr (4), tat (4), hide (4), sidebar (4), 110 (3), statistics (3), text (3), commons (3), last (3), possible (3), sister (3), project (3), unknown (3), dates (3), republic (3), ncbi (3), 2021 (3), sequencing (3), method (3), cancer (3), action (3), whole (3), foamy (3), bovine (3), murine (3), types (3), inflammatory (3), inflammation (3), hominis (3), parasites (3), list (3), deaths (3), region (3), south (3), city (3), north (3), indonesia (3), senegal (3), congo (3), unaids (3), campaign (3), media (3), conference (3), countries (3), art (3), education (3), women (3), act (3), london (3), brown (3), pneumonia (3), condition (3), management (3), external (3), towards (3), selection (3), reading (3), 7326 (3), 0003 (3), 4819 (3), 103 (3), annals (3), 1984 (3), isolation (3), 225 (3), eds (3), morbidity (3), association (3), 1987 (3), 360 (3), barré (3), sinoussi (3), generalized (3), elsevier (3), eight (3), 471 (3), public (3), introduction (3), mass (3), produced (3), urban (3), monkeys (3), moore (3), korber (3), 1959 (3), müller (3), 20th (3), particularly (3), direct (3), 1098 (3), rstb (3), philosophical (3), transactions (3), royal (3), emerging (3), exposed (3), keele (3), robertson (3), perspectives (3), s1473 (3), 3099 (3), reactivation (3), mechanism (3), 100 (3), living (3), nam (3), fauci (3), cohort (3), showed (3), serodifferent (3), findings (3), taking (3), institutes (3), rodger (3), condomless (3), vernazza (3), activity (3), prospective (3), issn (3), 1146 (3), annurev (3), 491 (3), annual (3), latency (3), like (3), numbers (3), recommendations (3), 161 (3), family (3), prophylaxis (3), 157 (3), comparison (3), infdis (3), biological (3), independent (3), strain (3), gorillas (3), compendium (3), sequences (3), silvestri (3), kurth (3), vivo (3), mutations (3), reviews (3), genetics (3), induced (3), dependent (3), synapse (3), shape (3), 002 (3), adaptive (3), 250 (3), distinct (3), role (3), nar (3), acids (3), effects (3), molecule (3), read (3), sites (3), 151 (3), pathway (3), identified (3), immunology (3), enters (3), clathrin (3), factor (3), binds (3), integrin (3), 280 (3), schuitemaker (3), 173 (3), fenyö (3), 170 (3), 1993 (3), 163 (3), berger (3), 272 (3), functional (3), davis (3), opinion (3), mhc (3), antigen (3), antiviral (3), gene (3), processing (3), trimers (3), ppat (3), soluble (3), trimer (3), based (3), harvey (3), mannose (3), key (3), far (3), how (3), genus (3), infectivity (3), survival (3), committee (3), taxonomy (3), depletion (3), examined (3), portal (3), very (3), iii (3), lav (3), realized (3), agent (3), rare (3), timing (3), implies (3), explain (3), back (3), proposed (3), vaginal (3), intercourse (3), work (3), participate (3), commonly (3), furthermore (3), population (3), presence (3), closest (3), relative (3), resistant (3), individuals (3), even (3), therefore (3), include (3), focused (3), negative (3), four (3), zero (3), consistently (3), concept (3), what (3), although (3), initially (3), average (3), must (3), detect (3), acid (3), detected (3), extremely (3), six (3), months (3), period (3), ifa (3), assay (3), much (3), help (3), provide (3), 120 (3), repeatedly (3), any (3), sivsm (3), mainly (3), levels (3), leads (3), parental (3), budding (3), therapies (3), begins (3), nucleocapsid (3), damage (3), switching (3), strand (3), copy (3), contains (3), switch (3), translated (3), create (3), splicing (3), dimer (3), dis (3), hairpin (3), stable (3), together (3), double (3), integrase (3), route (3), dcs (3), peptide (3), membranes (3), termed (3), diagram (3), vpu (3), vpr (3), vif (3), density (3), encoded (3), tools (3), languages (2), table (2), contacts (2), privacy (2), policy (2), additional (2), terms (2), site (2), registered (2), wikimedia (2), foundation (2), attribution (2), hidden (2), categories (2), taxonbars (2), taxon (2), parameters (2), updating (2), url (2), 2024 (2), indefinitely (2), protected (2), short (2), description (2), org (2), data (2), france (2), fast (2), irmng (2), eol (2), col (2), energy (2), 2023 (2), 2022 (2), brings (2), record (2), vaccines (2), observation (2), trial (2), hptn (2), 052 (2), 1999 (2), stem (2), sheep (2), understanding (2), endogenous (2), vein (2), mosaic (2), yellow (2), top (2), visna (2), maedi (2), caprine (2), arthritis (2), encephalitis (2), equine (2), anemia (2), puma (2), orthoretrovirinae (2), caenorhabditis (2), elegans (2), ortervirales (2), revtraviricetes (2), urethritis (2), female (2), zika (2), simplex (2), others (2), intestinal (2), ureaplasma (2), mycoplasma (2), chlamydia (2), guinea (2), mexico (2), kingdom (2), europe (2), india (2), asia (2), zimbabwe (2), uganda (2), tanzania (2), nigeria (2), mozambique (2), malawi (2), kenya (2), côte (2), ivoire (2), ethiopia (2), holocaust (2), developing (2), trials (2), culture (2), gov (2), impact (2), denialism (2), circumcision (2), social (2), notable (2), rayford (2), timothy (2), ray (2), partners (2), epidemiology (2), pregnancy (2), innate (2), conditions (2), children (2), vaccination (2), remission (2), rates (2), topics (2), projects (2), 1096 (2), faseb (2), beta (2), joint (2), nations (2), programme (2), access (2), 694 (2), san (2), francisco (2), 6206563 (2), 1984sci (2), 154 (2), 4599 (2), 867 (2), 6601823 (2), 1983sci (2), 865 (2), 508 (2), 514 (2), making (2), 3397566 (2), haitians (2), 871 (2), 6189183 (2), 249 (2), 2nd (2), encyclopedia (2), greene (2), s0140 (2), 6736 (2), gottlieb (2), 980 (2), mandell (2), bennett (2), 169 (2), news (2), worobey (2), pcbi (2), computational (2), dating (2), lineages (2), gave (2), marx (2), syringes (2), growth (2), before (2), 1910 (2), 1089 (2), 1969 (2), 1998natur (2), implications (2), sousa (2), lemey (2), pone (2), window (2), gilbert (2), 455 (2), 661 (2), kinshasa (2), 1410 (2), 356 (2), unsterile (2), emergence (2), robbins (2), ngole (2), 1928 (2), hunters (2), rodenburg (2), heuverswyn (2), takehisa (2), bibollet (2), ruche (2), 5786 (2), 16728595 (2), 2442710 (2), 1126531 (2), 2006sci (2), 523k (2), 523 (2), reservoirs (2), nonpandemic (2), 397 (2), pan (2), rambaut (2), posada (2), 346 (2), a006841 (2), 1101 (2), cshperspect (2), cold (2), spring (2), harbor (2), systematic (2), analysis (2), included (2), organizations (2), consensus (2), presentation (2), british (2), colleagues (2), large (2), nih (2), occurred (2), heterosexual (2), suppressed (2), subsequently (2), opposites (2), attract (2), confirmed (2), extended (2), depends (2), daily (2), institute (2), equals (2), cambiano (2), bruun (2), collins (2), 1001 (2), 171 (2), suppression (2), observational (2), s2352 (2), 3018 (2), 146 (2), fully (2), later (2), commission (2), ulb (2), dipot (2), status (2), special (2), approved (2), quick (2), reference (2), chou (2), smits (2), korthuis (2), preventive (2), services (2), 706 (2), country (2), supplemental (2), 664 (2), 656 (2), interventions (2), sub (2), saharan (2), 451 (2), smith (2), carrying (2), simon (2), kaiser (2), distribution (2), carr (2), leitner (2), representing (2), trutwin (2), sodora (2), kirchhoff (2), 125 (2), lineage (2), jones (2), estes (2), learn (2), else (2), 460 (2), wild (2), chimpanzees (2), daniel (2), desrosiers (2), macaques (2), 6695172 (2), 223 (2), dittmar (2), 8126 (2), norley (2), why (2), develop (2), 283 (2), loads (2), naturally (2), sivagm (2), douek (2), primate (2), percent (2), 597 (2), f1000research (2), advances (2), sim (2), efficacy (2), dynamic (2), baltimore (2), 477 (2), ongoing (2), communications (2), imaging (2), synapses (2), jolly (2), across (2), williams (2), chain (2), hybrid (2), spreading (2), inhibition (2), furin (2), cleavage (2), michod (2), oxidative (2), bonhoeffer (2), whitcomb (2), petropoulos (2), 306 (2), powell (2), frequency (2), nora (2), charpentier (2), tenaillon (2), clavel (2), hance (2), contribution (2), 2472 (2), temin (2), 1990 (2), 1700865 (2), ricci (2), ribosome (2), polyprotein (2), translation (2), 3390 (2), 3089 (2), unspliced (2), mrna (2), keane (2), santos (2), heng (2), 113 (2), detection (2), dimeric (2), 348 (2), signal (2), 1172 (2), investigation (2), animal (2), goes (2), 244 (2), kräusslich (2), 1186 (2), 1742 (2), 4690 (2), retrovirology (2), microscopy (2), 137 (2), via (2), 1594 (2), 1581 (2), 847 (2), acute (2), strategies (2), veenstra (2), signals (2), sodroski (2), 5371 (2), 1884 (2), chan (2), s0092 (2), 8674 (2), wout (2), kootstra (2), 349 (2), phenotype (2), composition (2), 1994 (2), marker (2), 1367 (2), pathogenesis (2), 5309 (2), 276 (2), 371 (2), wang (2), 3098 (2), characterization (2), koup (2), 8356453 (2), 1993sci (2), 261 (2), 00002030 (2), era (2), highly (2), active (2), 5263 (2), 872 (2), seven (2), coupled (2), littman (2), identification (2), 381 (2), usage (2), doms (2), weiss (2), gall (2), schwartz (2), 338 (2), 350 (2), chemistry (2), cytidine (2), micrornas (2), released (2), ozorowski (2), reduced (2), vasiljevic (2), seabright (2), celrep (2), glycosylation (2), val (2), sosip (2), lyumkis (2), 6165 (2), 2013sci (2), glycosylated (2), crystal (2), crispin (2), enveloped (2), doores (2), bonomelli (2), behrens (2), glycan (2), clustering (2), antigenic (2), targets (2), core (2), various (2), compared (2), lippincott (2), underlying (2), promiscuous (2), inhibitors (2), 1021 (2), ictv (2), 1253 (2), a007096 (2), 147 (2), basic (2), bystander (2), 505 (2), pyroptosis (2), mother (2), a426 (2), milk (2), oxford (2), university (2), differences (2), final (2), differ (2), counts (2), haart (2), 8493571 (2), 260 (2), references (2), independently (2), arv (2), remain (2), classic (2), infecting (2), claimed (2), presenting (2), luc (2), françoise (2), beginning (2), way (2), discoverers (2), coined (2), users (2), grid (2), 165 (2), immunity (2), pjp (2), skin (2), formed (2), earliest (2), described (2), 1966 (2), complementary (2), ancestor (2), primates (2), 155 (2), 148 (2), late (2), old (2), presented (2), channels (2), link (2), nascent (2), ulcers (2), degree (2), residents (2), around (2), 150 (2), currently (2), ulcer (2), there (2), bushmeat (2), acquire (2), weeks (2), allow (2), prior (2), barrier (2), least (2), appears (2), originated (2), southern (2), sivsmm (2), atys (2), cameroon (2), ccr (2), contributes (2), persons (2), principle (2), acts (2), numerous (2), virulent (2), maintains (2), transmitting (2), widely (2), reservoir (2), chronic (2), includes (2), pre (2), caused (2), carried (2), p24 (2), followed (2), immunoassay (2), gives (2), taken (2), chance (2), second (2), collected (2), retested (2), situations (2), addition (2), 118 (2), considered (2), duplicate (2), pcr (2), uninfected (2), polymerase (2), unaware (2), proportion (2), rural (2), facilities (2), since (2), closely (2), prevalent (2), crfs (2), worldwide (2), remaining (2), 112 (2), phylogenetic (2), tree (2), yet (2), suppresses (2), 101 (2), progeny (2), generate (2), roughly (2), nucleotide (2), recognized (2), bud (2), disseminate (2), transmit (2), efficient (2), close (2), densely (2), extracellular (2), polyproteins (2), along (2), forming (2), still (2), matrix (2), golgi (2), apparatus (2), endoplasmic (2), fluorescent (2), breaks (2), successful (2), overcoming (2), oxygen (2), recombinational (2), template (2), choice (2), could (2), upon (2), package (2), appear (2), cytoplasm (2), part (2), processed (2), characterized (2), aug (2), responsible (2), respectively (2), regions (2), dormant (2), latent (2), stage (2), actively (2), means (2), ribonuclease (2), constitute (2), play (2), attachment (2), once (2), bound (2), collapse (2), repeat (2), terminal (2), establishment (2), conformational (2), half (2), avoid (2), normal (2), organism (2), variety (2), virulence (2), onset (2), determined (2), ability (2), down (2), inducing (2), syncytia (2), almost (2), critical (2), microglial (2), fuse (2), p16 (2), contain (2), slip (2), make (2), p14 (2), rre (2), consists (2), nine (2), codes (2), display (2), neutralising (2), electron (2), majority (2), humimdef2 (2), humimdef1 (2), virally (2), killing (2), her (2), fluids (2), here (2), computer (2), appearance (2), upload (2), file (2), english (2), edit (2), bahasa (2), беларуская (2), subsection (2), log (2), account (2), donate (2), menu (2), add, topic, mobile, cookie, developers, code, conduct, legal, safety, disclaimers, apply, you, agree, trademark, profit, organization, inc, creative, sharealike, license, rendered, parsoid, edited, 2026, utc, manual, items, default, containing, language, image, auto, scaled, images, pie, chart, needing, citations, cs1, unfit, mdy, semi, good, matches, zoonotic, iarc, carcinogens, invention, controversies, https, index, php, title, oldid, 1373415749, yale, lux, idref, israel, spain, czech, bnf, gnd, authority, databases, 11709, 11460008, 540005, 3mt85, q3552942, 11676, 11460007, 540004, 3mt84, q18907320, t0104138, taicol, 12721, q15787, identifiers, renewable, lenacapavir, glp, debut, james, webb, space, telescope, structures, developed, speed, covid, visible, black, hole, neutron, star, merger, gw170817, gravitational, waves, crispr, editing, comet, mission, rosetta, immunotherapy, higgs, boson, quantum, machine, ardipithecus, ramidus, reprogramming, proof, poincaré, conjecture, rover, spirit, dark, interference, circuit, nanocircuits, accelerating, universe, dolly, breakthroughs, teratocarcinoma, hcp5, ervwe1, erv, vaccinivirus, tungrovirus, soybean, chlorotic, mottle, soymovirus, solendovirus, ruflodivirus, rosadnavirus, petuvirus, dioscovirus, cassava, cavemovirus, strawberry, banding, cauliflower, carnation, etched, ring, caulimovirus, rubus, net, kalanchoe, spotting, cacao, swollen, shoot, banana, streak, badnavirus, caulimoviridae, dsdna, simiispumavirus, prosimiispumavirus, felispumavirus, equispumavirus, bovispumavirus, spumaretrovirinae, biv, eiav, plv, fiv, xenotropic, korv, koala, friend, abelson, gammaretrovirus, walleye, epidermal, hyperplasia, epsilonretrovirus, deltaretrovirus, jaagsiekte, mouse, mammary, tumor, betaretrovirus, rous, avian, leukosis, alpharetrovirus, sirevirus, pseudovirus, hemivirus, pseudoviridae, cer1, metavirus, errantivirus, metaviridae, cer13, semotivirus, belpaoviridae, ssrna, parahepadnavirus, woolly, woodchuck, ground, squirrel, orthohepadnavirus, metahepadnavirus, herpetohepadnavirus, heron, duck, avihepadnavirus, hepadnaviridae, blubervirales, transcribing, gonococcal, ngu, proctitis, prostatitis, epididymitis, pelvic, pid, cervicitis, fever, mcv, molluscum, contagiosum, epigenetics, warts, condyloma, hpv, papillomavirus, anal, penile, vulvar, cervical, strongyloides, stercoralis, enterobius, vermicularis, sarcoptes, scabiei, var, scabies, pthirus, pubis, crab, louse, protozoan, amoebas, blastocystis, giardia, duodenalis, entamoeba, histolytica, trichomonas, vaginalis, trichomoniasis, parasitic, protozoal, urealyticum, treponema, pallidum, neisseria, gonorrhoeae, gonorrhea, klebsiella, granulomatis, donovanosis, trachomatis, lymphogranuloma, venereum, haemophilus, ducreyi, chancroid, bacterial, sti, papua, zealand, australia, oceania, uruguay, peru, guyana, colombia, brazil, bolivia, argentina, jamaica, haiti, dominican, caribbean, nicaragua, honduras, guatemala, salvador, canada, ukraine, russia, vietnam, turkey, arab, emirates, timor, leste, thailand, taiwan, sri, lanka, saudi, arabia, philippines, pakistan, nepal, myanmar, burma, malaysia, laos, korea, jordan, japan, iraq, iran, yunnan, china, prc, cambodia, bhutan, bangladesh, bahrain, azerbaijan, armenia, afghanistan, zambia, rwanda, niger, namibia, mali, madagascar, lesotho, ivory, coast, ghana, eswatini, egypt, democratic, botswana, benin, angola, locations, yaa, youthforce, solidays, sing, film, silence, president, emergency, plan, relief, misconceptions, portrayal, metaphor, larry, kramer, fund, freddie, mercury, tribute, concert, elton, john, european, partnership, ayds, memorial, quilt, safe, catholic, church, religion, ribbon, product, porn, industry, affected, cost, economic, discrimination, criminal, orphan, crisis, activism, museum, timeline, ryan, white, grethe, rask, gaëtan, dugas, hope, berlin, discredited, theories, superinfection, serostatus, pruritus, tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, nutrition, neurocognitive, disorders, nephropathy, lipodystrophy, diffuse, infiltrative, lymphocytosis, cardiomyopathy, defining, teens, adults, staging, prep, signs
Text of the page (random words):
ase appeared may 18 1981 in the gay newspaper new york native 156 aids was first clinically observed in 1981 in the united states 157 the initial cases were a cluster of injection drug users and gay men with no known cause of impaired immunity who showed symptoms of pneumocystis pneumonia pcp or pjp the latter term recognizing that the causative agent is now called pneumocystis jirovecii a rare opportunistic infection that was known to occur in people with very compromised immune systems 158 soon thereafter researchers at the nyu school of medicine studied gay men developing a previously rare skin cancer called kaposi s sarcoma ks 159 160 many more cases of pjp and ks emerged alerting the u s centers for disease control and prevention cdc and a cdc task force was formed to monitor the outbreak 161 the earliest retrospectively described case of aids is believed to have been in norway beginning in 1966 162 in the beginning the cdc did not have an official name for the disease often referring to it by way of the diseases that were associated with it for example lymphadenopathy the disease after which the discoverers of hiv originally named the virus 163 164 they also used kaposi s sarcoma and opportunistic infections the name by which a task force had been set up in 1981 165 in the general press the term grid which stood for gay related immune deficiency had been coined 166 the cdc in search of a name and looking at the infected communities coined the 4h disease as it seemed to single out homosexuals heroin users hemophiliacs and haitians 167 168 however after determining that aids was not isolated to the gay community 165 it was realized that the term grid was misleading and aids was introduced at a meeting in july 1982 169 by september 1982 the cdc started using the name aids 170 in 1983 two separate research groups led by american robert gallo and french investigators françoise barré sinoussi and luc montagnier independently declared that a novel retrovirus may have been infecting aids patients and published their findings in the same issue of the journal science 171 164 172 gallo claimed that a virus his group had isolated from a person with aids was strikingly similar in shape to other human t lymphotropic viruses htlvs his group had been the first to isolate gallo admitted in 1987 that the virus he claimed to have discovered in 1984 was in reality a virus sent to him from france the year before 173 gallo s group called their newly isolated virus htlv iii montagnier s group isolated a virus from a patient presenting with swelling of the lymph nodes of the neck and physical weakness two classic symptoms of primary hiv infection contradicting the report from gallo s group montagnier and his colleagues showed that core proteins of this virus were immunologically different from those of htlv i montagnier s group named their isolated virus lymphadenopathy associated virus lav 161 as these two viruses turned out to be the same in 1986 lav and htlv iii were renamed hiv 174 another group working contemporaneously with the montagnier and gallo groups was that of jay a levy at the university of california san francisco he independently discovered the aids virus in 1983 and named it the aids associated retrovirus arv 175 this virus was very different from the virus reported by the montagnier and gallo groups the arv strains indicated for the first time the heterogeneity of hiv isolates and several of these remain classic examples of the aids virus found in the united states 176 see also medicine portal viruses portal antiviral drug discovery and development of hiv protease inhibitors hiv aids denialism hivtoolbox world aids day ronald reagan and aids references weiss ra may 1993 how does hiv cause aids science 260 5112 1273 9 bibcode 1993sci 260 1273w doi 10 1126 science 8493571 pmid 8493571 douek dc roederer m koup ra 2009 emerging concepts in the immunopathogenesis of aids annual review of medicine 60 471 84 doi 10 1146 annurev med 60 041807 123549 pmc 2716400 pmid 18947296 1 2 powell mk benková k selinger p dogoši m kinkorová luňáčková i koutníková h laštíková j roubíčková a špůrková z laclová l eis v šach j heneberg p 2016 opportunistic infections in hiv infected patients differ strongly in frequencies and spectra between patients with low cd4 cell counts examined postmortem and compensated patients examined antemortem irrespective of the haart era plos one 11 9 e0162704 bibcode 2016ploso 1162704p doi 10 1371 journal pone 0162704 pmc 5017746 pmid 27611681 unaids who december 2007 2007 aids epidemic update pdf p 16 1 2 3 rodger aj cambiano v bruun t vernazza p collins s degen o et al june 2019 risk of hiv transmission through condomless sex in serodifferent gay couples with the hiv positive partner taking suppressive antiretroviral therapy partner final results of a multicentre prospective observational study lancet 393 10189 2428 2438 doi 10 1016 s0140 6736 19 30418 0 pmc 6584382 pmid 31056293 1 2 eisinger rw dieffenbach cw fauci as february 2019 hiv viral load and transmissibility of hiv infection undetectable equals untransmittable jama 321 5 451 452 doi 10 1001 jama 2018 21167 pmid 30629090 s2cid 58599661 mabuka j nduati r odem davis k peterson d overbaugh j 2012 desrosiers rc ed hiv specific antibodies capable of adcc are common in breastmilk and are associated with reduced risk of transmission in women with high viral loads plos pathogens 8 6 e1002739 doi 10 1371 journal ppat 1002739 pmc 3375288 pmid 22719248 hahn ra inhorn mc eds 2009 anthropology and public health bridging differences in culture and society 2nd ed oxford oxford university press p 449 isbn 978 0 19 537464 3 oclc 192042314 mead mn 2008 contaminants in human milk weighing the risks against the benefits of breastfeeding environmental health perspectives 116 10 a426 34 bibcode 2008envhp 116 a426m doi 10 1289 ehp 116 a426 pmc 2569122 pmid 18941560 archived from the original on 6 november 2008 this article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain preventing mother to child transmission of hiv hiv gov may 15 2017 retrieved december 8 2017 cunningham al donaghy h harman an kim m turville sg august 2010 manipulation of dendritic cell function by viruses current opinion in microbiology 13 4 524 9 doi 10 1016 j mib 2010 06 002 pmid 20598938 doitsh g galloway nl geng x yang z monroe km zepeda o et al january 2014 cell death by pyroptosis drives cd4 t cell depletion in hiv 1 infection nature 505 7484 509 14 bibcode 2014natur 505 509d doi 10 1038 nature12940 pmc 4047036 pmid 24356306 garg h mohl j joshi a november 2012 hiv 1 induced bystander apoptosis viruses 4 11 3020 43 doi 10 3390 v4113020 pmc 3509682 pmid 23202514 kumar v 2012 robbins basic pathology 9th ed elsevier health sciences p 147 isbn 978 1 4557 3787 1 international committee on taxonomy of viruses 2002 61 0 6 lentivirus national institutes of health archived from the original on october 14 2006 retrieved february 28 2006 international committee on taxonomy of viruses 2002 61 retroviridae national institutes of health archived from the original on october 2 2006 retrieved february 28 2006 levy ja november 1993 hiv pathogenesis and long term survival aids 7 11 1401 10 doi 10 1097 00002030 199311000 00001 pmid 8280406 smith ja daniel r may 2006 following the path of the virus the exploitation of host dna repair mechanisms by retroviruses acs chemical biology 1 4 217 26 doi 10 1021 cb600131q pmid 17163676 1 2 siliciano rf greene wc september 2011 hiv latency cold spring harbor perspectives in medicine 1 1 a007096 doi 10 1101 cshperspect a007096 pmc 3234450 pmid 22229121 gilbert pb mckeague iw eisen g mullins c guéye ndiaye a mboup s kanki pj february 28 2003 comparison of hiv 1 and hiv 2 infectivity from a prospective cohort study in senegal statistics in medicine 22 4 573 593 doi 10 1002 sim 1342 pmid 12590415 s2cid 28523977 1 2 reeves jd doms rw 2002 human immunodeficiency virus type 2 journal of general virology 83 pt 6 1253 65 doi 10 1099 0022 1317 83 6 1253 pmid 12029140 genus lentivirus ictv ictv global retrieved january 15 2025 mcgovern sl caselli e grigorieff n shoichet bk 2002 a common mechanism underlying promiscuous inhibitors from virtual and high throughput screening journal of medicinal chemistry 45 8 1712 22 bibcode 2002jmedc 45 1712m doi 10 1021 jm010533y hdl 11380 977912 pmid 11931626 compared with overview in fisher b harvey rp champe pc 2007 lippincott s illustrated reviews microbiology hagerstown md lippincott williams wilkins p 3 isbn 978 0 7817 8215 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 various 2008 hiv sequence compendium 2008 introduction pdf retrieved march 31 2009 1 2 3 chan dc fass d berger jm kim ps april 1997 core structure of gp41 from the hiv envelope glycoprotein pdf cell 89 2 263 73 doi 10 1016 s0092 8674 00 80205 6 pmid 9108481 s2cid 4518241 klein js bjorkman pj may 2010 few and far between how hiv may be evading antibody avidity plos pathogens 6 5 e1000908 doi 10 1371 journal ppat 1000908 pmc 2877745 pmid 20523901 national institute of health june 17 1998 crystal structure of key hiv protein reveals new prevention treatment targets press release archived from the original on february 19 2006 retrieved september 14 2006 behrens aj vasiljevic s pritchard lk harvey dj andev rs krumm sa et al march 2016 composition and antigenic effects of individual glycan sites of a trimeric hiv 1 envelope glycoprotein cell reports 14 11 2695 706 doi 10 1016 j celrep 2016 02 058 pmc 4805854 pmid 26972002 pritchard lk spencer di royle l bonomelli c seabright ge behrens aj et al june 2015 glycan clustering stabilizes the mannose patch of hiv 1 and preserves vulnerability to broadly neutralizing antibodies nature communications 6 7479 bibcode 2015natco 6 7479p doi 10 1038 ncomms8479 pmc 4500839 pmid 26105115 pritchard lk harvey dj bonomelli c crispin m doores kj september 2015 cell and protein directed glycosylation of native cleaved hiv 1 envelope journal of virology 89 17 8932 44 doi 10 1128 jvi 01190 15 pmc 4524065 pmid 26085151 crispin m doores kj april 2015 targeting host derived glycans on enveloped viruses for antibody based vaccine design current opinion in virology 11 63 9 doi 10 1016 j coviro 2015 02 002 pmc 4827424 pmid 25747313 julien jp cupo a sok d stanfield rl lyumkis d deller mc et al december 2013 crystal structure of a soluble cleaved hiv 1 envelope trimer science 342 6165 1477 83 bibcode 2013sci 342 1477j doi 10 1126 science 1245625 pmc 3886632 pmid 24179159 lyumkis d julien jp de val n cupo a potter cs klasse pj et al december 2013 cryo em structure of a fully glycosylated soluble cleaved hiv 1 envelope trimer science 342 6165 1484 90 bibcode 2013sci 342 1484l doi 10 1126 science 1245627 pmc 3954647 pmid 24179160 sanders rw derking r cupo a julien jp yasmeen a de val n et al september 2013 a next generation cleaved soluble hiv 1 env trimer bg505 sosip 664 gp140 expresses multiple epitopes for broadly neutralizing but not non neutralizing antibodies plos pathogens 9 9 e1003618 doi 10 1371 journal ppat 1003618 pmc 3777863 pmid 24068931 pritchard lk vasiljevic s ozorowski g seabright ge cupo a ringe r et al june 2015 structural constraints determine the glycosylation of hiv 1 envelope trimers cell reports 11 10 1604 13 doi 10 1016 j celrep 2015 05 017 pmc 4555872 pmid 26051934 de taeye sw ozorowski g torrents de la peña a guttman m julien jp van den kerkhof tl et al december 2015 immunogenicity of stabilized hiv 1 envelope trimers with reduced exposure of non neutralizing epitopes cell 163 7 1702 15 doi 10 1016 j cell 2015 11 056 pmc 4732737 pmid 26687358 ouellet dl plante i landry p barat c janelle me flamand l tremblay mj provost p april 2008 identification of functional micrornas released through asymmetrical processing of hiv 1 tar element nucleic acids research 36 7 2353 65 doi 10 1093 nar gkn076 pmc 2367715 pmid 18299284 klase z winograd r davis j carpio l hildreth r heydarian m fu s mccaffrey t meiri e ayash rashkovsky m gilad s bentwich z kashanchi f 2009 hiv 1 tar mirna protects against apoptosis by altering cellular gene expression retrovirology 6 1 18 doi 10 1186 1742 4690 6 18 pmc 2654423 pmid 19220914 vasudevan aa smits sh höppner a häussinger d koenig bw münk c november 2013 structural features of antiviral dna cytidine deaminases biological chemistry submitted manuscript 394 11 1357 70 doi 10 1515 hsz 2013 0165 pmid 23787464 s2cid 4151961 garcia jv miller ad april 1991 serine phosphorylation independent downregulation of cell surface cd4 by nef nature 350 6318 508 11 bibcode 1991natur 350 508g doi 10 1038 350508a0 pmid 2014052 s2cid 1628392 schwartz o maréchal v le gall s lemonnier f heard jm march 1996 endocytosis of major histocompatibility complex class i molecules is induced by the hiv 1 nef protein nature medicine 2 3 338 42 doi 10 1038 nm0396 338 pmid 8612235 s2cid 7461342 stumptner cuvelette p morchoisne s dugast m le gall s raposo g schwartz o benaroch p october 2001 hiv 1 nef impairs mhc class ii antigen presentation and surface expression proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the united states of america 98 21 12144 9 bibcode 2001pnas 9812144s doi 10 1073 pnas 221256498 pmc 59782 pmid 11593029 arrildt kt joseph sb swanstrom r march 2012 the hiv 1 env protein a coat of many colors current hiv aids reports 9 1 52 63 doi 10 1007 s11904 011 0107 3 pmc 3658113 pmid 22237899 1 2 berger ea doms rw fenyö em korber bt littman dr moore jp sattentau qj schuitemaker h sodroski j weiss ra 1998 a new classification for hiv 1 nature 391 6664 240 bibcode 1998natur 391 240b doi 10 1038 34571 pmid 9440686 s2cid 2159146 1 2 3 coakley e petropoulos cj whitcomb jm 2005 assessing ch vbgemokine co receptor usage in hiv current opinion in infectious diseases 18 1 9 15 doi 10 1097 00001432 200502000 00003 pmid 15647694 s2cid 30923492 deng h liu r ellmeier w choe s unutmaz d burkhart m di marzio p marmon s sutton re hill cm davis cb peiper sc schall tj littman dr landau nr 1996 identification of a major co receptor for primary isolates of hiv 1 nature 381 6584 661 6 bibcode 1996natur 381 661d doi 10 1038 381661a0 pmid 8649511 s2cid 37973935 feng y broder cc kennedy pe berger ea 1996 hiv 1 entry cofactor functional cdna cloning of a seven transmembrane g protein coupled receptor science 272 5263 872 7 bibcode 1996sci 272 872f doi 10 1126 science 272 5263 872 pmc 3412311 pmid 8629022 s2cid 44455027 knight sc macatonia se patterson s 1990 hiv i infection of dendritic cells international review of immunology 6 2 3 163 75 doi 10 3109 08830189009056627 pmid 2152500 tang j kaslow ra 2003 the impact of host genetics on hiv infection and disease progression in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy aids 17 suppl 4 s51 s60 doi 10 1097 00002030 200317004 00006 pmid 15080180 zhu t mo h wang n nam ds cao y koup ra ho dd 1993 genotypic and phenotypic characterization of hiv 1 patients with primary infection science 261 5125 1179 81 bibcode 1993sci 261 1179z d...
|
