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ccount the display aspect ratio so that for example a 16 9 21 inch 53 cm widescreen display has less area than a 21 inch 53 cm 4 3 screen the 4 3 screen has dimensions of 16 8 in 12 6 in 43 cm 32 cm and an area 211 sq in 1 360 cm 2 while the widescreen is 18 3 in 10 3 in 46 cm 26 cm 188 sq in 1 210 cm 2 aspect ratio edit main article display aspect ratio until about 2001 most computer monitors had a 4 3 aspect ratio and some had 5 4 or 8 7 between 2001 and 2006 monitors with 16 9 and mostly 16 10 8 5 aspect ratios became commonly available first in laptops and later also in standalone monitors reasons for this transition included productive uses i e field of view in video games and movie viewing such as the word processor display of two standard letter pages side by side as well as cad displays of large size drawings and application menus at the same time 16 17 in 2008 16 10 became the most common sold aspect ratio for lcd monitors and the same year 16 10 was the mainstream standard for laptops and notebook computers 18 in 2010 the computer industry started to move over from 16 10 to 16 9 because 16 9 was chosen to be the standard high definition television display size and because they were cheaper to manufacture 19 in 2011 non widescreen displays with 4 3 aspect ratios were only being manufactured in small quantities according to samsung this was because the demand for the old square monitors has decreased rapidly over the last couple of years and i predict that by the end of 2011 production on all 4 3 or similar panels will be halted due to a lack of demand 20 resolution edit main article display resolution the resolution for computer monitors has increased over time from 280 192 during the late 1970s to 1024 768 during the late 1990s since 2009 the most commonly sold resolution for computer monitors is 1920 1080 shared with the 1080p of hdtv 21 before 2013 mass market lcd monitors were limited to 2560 1600 at 30 in 76 cm excluding niche professional monitors by 2015 most major display manufacturers had released 3840 2160 4k uhd displays and the first 7680 4320 8k monitors had begun shipping gamut edit main article gamut every rgb monitor has its own color gamut bounded in chromaticity by a color triangle some of these triangles are smaller than the srgb triangle some are larger colors are typically encoded by 8 bits per primary color the rgb value 255 0 0 represents red but slightly different colors in different color spaces such as adobe rgb and srgb displaying srgb encoded data on wide gamut devices can give an unrealistic result 22 the gamut is a property of the monitor the image color space can be forwarded as exif metadata in the picture as long as the monitor gamut is wider than the color space gamut correct display is possible if the monitor is calibrated a picture that uses colors that are outside the srgb color space will display on an srgb color space monitor with limitations 23 still today many monitors that can display the srgb color space are not factory nor user calibrated to display it correctly color management is needed both in electronic publishing via the internet for display in browsers and in desktop publishing targeted to print additional features edit universal features edit lg monitors consumer grade left and professional oriented with screen hood and integrated calibration tool power saving most modern monitors will switch to a power saving mode if no video input signal is received this allows modern operating systems to turn off a monitor after a specified period of inactivity this also extends the monitor s service life some monitors will also switch themselves off after a time period on standby most modern laptops provide a method of screen dimming after periods of inactivity or when the battery is in use this extends battery life and reduces wear indicator light many monitors have a light to indicate to users whether the monitor is powered powered and receiving a video signal or in standby mode different colors or flashing patterns may be used to differentiate the conditions integrated accessories many monitors have other accessories or connections for them integrated this places standard ports within easy reach and eliminates the need for another separate hub camera microphone or set of speakers these monitors have advanced microprocessors which contain codec information windows interface drivers and other small software which help in proper functioning of these functions ultrawide screens main article 21 9 aspect ratio monitors that feature an aspect ratio greater than 2 1 for instance 21 9 or 32 9 as opposed to the more common 16 9 which resolves to 1 7 7 1 monitors with an aspect ratio greater than 3 1 are marketed as super ultrawide monitors these are typically massive curved screens intended to replace a multi monitor deployment touch screen main article touchscreen these monitors use touching of the screen as an input method items can be selected or moved with a finger and finger gestures may be used to convey commands the screen will need frequent cleaning due to image degradation from fingerprints sensors ambient light for automatically adjusting screen brightness and or color temperature infrared camera for biometrics eye and or face recognition eye tracking as user input device as lidar receiver for 3d scanning consumer features edit glossy screen main article glossy display some displays especially newer flat panel monitors replace the traditional anti glare matte finish with a glossy one this increases color saturation and sharpness but reflections from lights and windows are more visible anti reflective coatings are sometimes applied to help reduce reflections although this only partly mitigates the problem curved designs main article curved screen most often using nominally flat panel display technology such as lcd or oled a concave rather than convex curve is imparted reducing geometric distortion especially in extremely large and wide seamless desktop monitors intended for close viewing range 3d main article stereo display see also active shutter 3d system polarized 3d system and autostereoscopy newer monitors are able to display a different image for each eye often with the help of special glasses and polarizers giving the perception of depth an autostereoscopic screen can generate 3d images without headgear professional features edit anti glare and anti reflection screens features for medical using or for outdoor placement directional screen narrow viewing angle screens are used in some security conscious applications eizo coloredge monitor with screen hood integrated professional accessories integrated screen calibration tools screen hoods signal transmitters protective screens tablet screens main article graphics tablet screen hybrid a combination of a monitor with a graphics tablet such devices are typically unresponsive to touch without the use of one or more special tools pressure newer models however are now able to detect touch from any pressure and often have the ability to detect tool tilt and rotation as well touch and tablet sensors are often used on sample and hold displays such as lcds to substitute for the light pen which can only work on crts integrated display lut and 3d lut tables the option for using the display as a reference monitor these calibration features can give an advanced color management control for take a near perfect image local dimming backlight option for professional lcd monitors inherent to oled crt professional feature with mainstream tendency backlight brightness color uniformity compensation near to mainstream professional feature advanced hardware driver for backlit modules with local zones of uniformity correction mounting edit computer monitors are provided with a variety of methods for mounting them depending on the application and environment desktop edit a desktop monitor is typically provided with a stand from the manufacturer which lifts the monitor up to a more ergonomic viewing height the stand may be attached to the monitor using a proprietary method or may use or be adaptable to a vesa mount a vesa standard mount allows the monitor to be used with more after market stands if the original stand is removed stands may be fixed or offer a variety of features such as height adjustment horizontal swivel and landscape or portrait screen orientation vesa mount edit main article flat display mounting interface hydraulic arm monitor stand connected via vesa mount holes the flat display mounting interface fdmi also known as vesa mounting interface standard mis or colloquially as a vesa mount is a family of standards defined by the video electronics standards association for mounting flat panel displays to stands or wall mounts 24 it is implemented on most modern flat panel monitors and tvs for computer monitors the vesa mount typically consists of four threaded holes on the rear of the display that will mate with an adapter bracket rack mount edit rack mount computer monitors are available in two styles and are intended to be mounted into a 19 inch rack a fixed 19 inch 48 cm 4 3 rack mount lcd monitor fixed a fixed rack mount monitor is mounted directly to the rack with the flat panel or crt visible at all times the height of the unit is measured in rack units ru and 8u or 9u are most common to fit 17 inch or 19 inch screens the front sides of the unit are provided with flanges to mount to the rack providing appropriately spaced holes or slots for the rack mounting screws a 19 inch diagonal screen is the largest size that will fit within the rails of a 19 inch rack larger flat panels may be accommodated but are mount on rack and extend forward of the rack there are smaller display units typically used in broadcast environments which fit multiple smaller screens side by side into one rack mount a 1u stowable clamshell 19 inch 48 cm 4 3 rack mount lcd monitor with keyboard stowable a stowable rack mount monitor is 1u 2u or 3u high and is mounted on rack slides allowing the display to be folded down and the unit slid into the rack for storage as a drawer the flat display is visible only when pulled out of the rack and deployed these units may include only a display or may be equipped with a keyboard creating a kvm keyboard video monitor most common are systems with a single lcd but there are systems providing two or three displays in a single rack mount system a panel mount 19 inch 48 cm 4 3 rack mount lcd monitor panel mount edit a panel mount computer monitor is intended for mounting into a flat surface with the front of the display unit protruding just slightly they may also be mounted to the rear of the panel a flange is provided around the screen sides top and bottom to allow mounting this contrasts with a rack mount display where the flanges are only on the sides the flanges will be provided with holes for thru bolts or may have studs welded to the rear surface to secure the unit in the hole in the panel often a gasket is provided to provide a water tight seal to the panel and the front of the screen will be sealed to the back of the front panel to prevent water and dirt contamination open frame edit an open frame monitor provides the display and enough supporting structure to hold associated electronics and to minimally support the display provision will be made for attaching the unit to some external structure for support and protection open frame monitors are intended to be built into some other piece of equipment providing its own case an arcade video game would be a good example with the display mounted inside the cabinet there is usually an open frame display inside all end use displays with the end use display simply providing an attractive protective enclosure some rack mount monitor manufacturers will purchase desktop displays take them apart and discard the outer plastic parts keeping the inner open frame display for inclusion into their product red digital cinema monitor security vulnerabilities edit according to a national security agency nsa document leaked to der spiegel the nsa sometimes swaps the monitor cables on targeted computers with a bugged monitor cable to allow the nsa to remotely see what is being displayed on the targeted computer monitor 25 van eck phreaking is the process of remotely displaying the contents of a crt or lcd by detecting its electromagnetic emissions it is named after dutch computer researcher wim van eck who in 1985 published the first paper on it including proof of concept while most effective on older crt monitors due to their strong electromagnetic emissions it can potentially apply to lcds as well although modern shielding techniques significantly mitigate the risk phreaking more generally is the process of exploiting telephone networks 26 see also edit comparison of crt lcd plasma and oled displays composite monitor flat panel display head mounted display high frame rate history of display technology liquid crystal display monochrome monitor multi monitor variable refresh rate vector monitor virtual desktop references edit 1 2 lcd monitors outsold crts in q3 says displaysearch electronic engineering times 9 december 2004 retrieved 18 october 2022 difference between tv and computer monitor difference between differencebetween net retrieved 15 january 2018 difference between laptop and computer monitor difference between technologyrental com au retrieved 27 april 2021 how computers work input and output homepage cs uri edu retrieved 29 may 2020 visual display unit collins english dictionary harpercollins retrieved 9 october 2022 on guard the story of sage 1956 ibm corporation short film at internet archive display scope for semi automatic ground environment cathode ray tube crt monitors infodingo com archived from the original on 26 march 2011 retrieved 20 may 2011 1 2 crt monitors pctechguide com archived from the original on 23 may 2011 retrieved 20 may 2011 tft central 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