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thought is fatally destined to the reveries against the sacred to the reification of the individual s incredulity and to the precautionary cynicism that paralyzes any positive ambition as fatally sealed in advance of course it would be folly to assume that the novel had to remain confined to the interests which defined its authors at its time of inception still it must be possible to ask what would be a novel form adequate to such an imperative be if indeed the novel remains the adequate form for such a contemporary enlightenment as a possible prolegomena to a contemporary literature kazuo ishiguro s never let me go provides a fitting statement of the unspoken distress provoked by our contemporary predicament facing the limitations of the potency that individuality and subjective creation once harbored set in a dystopian post wwii setting ishiguro narrates a society where generations of clones seemingly indiscernible in their human features from their original models are sacrificed to become organ donors for the rest of the population in the meantime the isolated clone population is prepared for martyrdom in various educational institutes where eventually they become caretakers or carers for those clones who have already begun donating around the age of thirty narrated through the memoirs of young protagonist kathy already aged thirty one the story tells the destined short lives of three young friends as they are brought up together in one of the institutes hailsham until they become close to ripe for their donations to begin short circuiting the memoir form at the hands of a young girl ishiguro s disarming exhibition of childish and juvenile drama exacerbates the fatal urgency these recluses must invariably face yet hailsham s peculiarity transpires by way of a superficial hospitability the children are supervised to maintain good physical health they grow to develop normal relationships and are routinely encouraged to be creative and artistically productive they engage in seasonal exchanges where they trade in all sorts of self made items for donated paraphernalia and their best artistic work is taken up to be exhibited at the gallery an unseen and mysterious exhibition of almost mythical status presumably held to display the children s best artistic work ignoring their invariable fate nevertheless kathy s narrative voice expresses the sense of urgency imposed by the institutional demand for subjective creation drawing analogy to her social anxiety in the face of sexual awakening as she proclaims sex had got like being creative had been a few years earlier it felt like if you hadn t done it yet you ought to and quickly 29 short of being depicted as a reservoir for potential transgression the call for artistic creation is represented from the start of the novel as somehow sedating and prescribed however enthusiastically assumed it amounts ultimately to nothing else than an additional routine which plays right into the predetermined fate that awaits them rather than opening the gulf to shatter it as it turns out we learn that the much vaunted gallery really pertained to a futile attempt by the educators at hailsham to prove to the invisibly distant civilian population outside the institutes that the clones were humans that they were no different than the rest of humanity exhibiting their artistic works as evidence for the authenticity of their subjective depth confronted by their nearing end in hopes of a mere deferral for their donations kathy and her friend tommy unearth the disarming truth from their former teacher miss emily who candidly confesses you said it was because your art would reveal what you were like what you were like inside that s what you said wasn t it well you weren t far wrong about that we took away your art because we thought it would reveal your souls or to put it more finely we did it to prove you had souls at all 30 stripped helpless before the steady track towards his death tommy breaks down in an outburst of rage just like the ones he experienced since he was a child as a reaction to being powerlessly bullied the novel presents no fitting consolation for the reader indeed it refuses to reify the clones evident humanity into a latent source for revolutionary political power or their artistic creation as a potentially transformative engagement to be channelized through creativity and defiance instead the characters for the most part seem to accept their fate against the background of a largely anonymous state power which has reduced them to sacrificial vessels for a population that is likewise invisible in an epiphanic moment towards the book s conclusion the three characters reunited after separation decide to visit a fabled beach where an old boat famously lies shipwrecked deserted on the shore seemingly unsupervised the characters dialog does not offer any subsiding fantasies about escape salvation but merely negotiate over their proximate demise kathy proclaims fatalistically we ve seen the boat i said but now we ve got to get back 31 ishiguro s virtue resides precisely in avoiding any palliatives to the discomforting powerlessness that blankets over once the kernel of rebellious potency and individual creativity have been assimilated to the biopolitical machinery a state that is no longer confined by borders or forced to tame the unruly tendencies since even the vital élan has become cynically decomposed nothing but the host for pathetic exhibitionism the critical purchase of thought achieved by rendering explicit the trodden capacity of subjectivity before power is ridiculed and reduced to nothing but an implicit surrender the invisibility of the novel s dampening world only matched by the deafness of its unobtrusive silence the moral indifference of the perpetrators only matched by the incapacity to even think of another world the shipwreck no longer signals a triumphant survival or arrival it underlines the indifference of a world as brassier describes truly indifferent to the interests of the living at the deepest level the novel refuses even to fetishize hope in the form of ignorance rather than having the donor carer system be a secretive operation of the state at the margins of an unsuspecting population it is unabashedly public and accepted even before the resounding evidence of their artistic works it is tacitly conveyed that both the political powers and population remain undisturbed in unison the end of the book pushes the predicament faced by the characters to its limit as it deflates the last thread of hope when in a morbidly pathetic climax kathy risks insinuating to tommy that his regular raging outbursts must have entailed that he had at least knowledge of what lied ahead of them to which he sternly responds don t think so kath no it was always just me me just being an idiot 32 the timid laughter that accompanies tommy s sobering yet somber comment snatches any remnant of hope in the reader to find some final comfort a reservoir of meaning or in the character s intuition thought or memory trivializing the power of thought to its extreme they might die but at least one of them knew this is precisely the consolation that never arrives and lends the book its discomforting radicality the book s concluding line depicts the tragic junction of resolve and hopelessness as kathy yields confessing i wasn t sobbing or out of control i just waited a bit then turned out of the car to drive off to wherever i was supposed to be 33 it is to ishiguro s tremendous credit to avoid the pitfalls of supplanting a facile heroism of invention adequate to the modern ideal of self creation for the provincialist apologies of the pre modern lifestyle however fatalist in its predicament ishiguro s plot does not hesitate to embrace a hyper objectification of subjectivity before which the apologies for the irreducibility of the human of the subject of life cannot but seem exhausted philosophical shoptalk at best and quasi religious consolation at worst it reckons the brutal truth that thought faces once it disowns and re articulates itself within the objective efficacy of a worldview for which the reveries for man have been assimilated to a higher order normative power a nameless economy for which the individual matters less than nothing 34 1 sellars wilfrid kant and pre kantian themes lectures by wilfrid sellars ridgeview publishing pg 7 2 dafoe william robinson crusoe pg 45 3 sellars wilfrid philosophy and the scientific image of man in science perception and reality ridgeview publishing pg 16 4 watt ian the rise of the novel peregrine 1956 pg 13 15 5 and although this interruption with traditionalist prescriptions was certainly not limited to the anglophone context of the novel the propriety of the latter seems to lie in its progressive refusal to borrow from historical narratives of the past to examine the present thus although cervantes quixote was also clearly challenging and mocking the narrative conventions of the time the interruption of academicist and scholastic conventions the demand of great poetry as prefacing the works the saturation of references its plot was thematically tied to the traditional mythology of chivalry even if it must be accepted to do so with unprecedented critical and ironic distance 6 ibid 7 ibid 8 the term is quentin meillassoux s see his after finitude translated by ray brassier continuum pg 9 11 9 watt pg 23 10 for a historical account see wilfrid sellars kant and pre kantian themes 11 meillassoux quentin after finitude translated by ray brassier continuum pg 9 11 12 in spite of this obvious difference in key it should be apparent that although epistemological realism entails metaphysical realism the observe is not the case for to say that the external world is knowable implies that there is a world so as to be known while one might think in turn that such a world exists or could exist but is nevertheless unknowable this amounts to saying that epistemological anti realism does not commit one to metaphysical anti realism it is perfectly possible to say one cannot know of the world even if one claims that it exists 13 watt pg 34 14 ibid pg 7 15 ibid pg 8 16 ibid pg 13 17 ibid 18 this vector eventually leads properly to the romantic privileging of aesthetic production over rational cognition schiller nietzsche that would coincide more properly with the avowal of individual creation that watt finds in complicity with the rise in novel the philosophical background sets this stage kant had agreed with hume in taking sensibility to constitute an amorphous manifold which is then formed by mental associations but proceeds to define a transcendental structure of pure reason that gives the necessity sought by hume in the outside world for kant sensibility is passive and although is given under the minimal forms of space and time he agrees with hume in that the manifold of sense lacks determinate content perception yields nothing but a bundle of sensations this is where the categorical work of the understanding operates thus objectual determinacy which defines the natural field of causation constrains the aesthetic by synthesizing it with the understanding into the pure unity of apperception thus in the end for kant freedom is paradoxically that which emerges from within the constraint to universality as a kind of pure adequation to reason the amorphousness of experience did not fall prey to skeptical interference insofar as it preserved the rationalist ideation what the romantic aestheticist avowal of feeling and sensibility does is to dislodge the residual rationalism from kant s idealist project practical reason is reserves a space for action for the act of pure freedom as that which is purposeless that defies all natural law or rational synthesis thus the avowal of the dictum that life is purposiveness without purpose comes to disavow the categorical imperative with a kind of vital imperative if we take this back to the incipient rise of the novel the ideals of individual creation found its definitive expression during this time the sensible particularity of the individual affirmed itself in exception to the universal constriction of universal reason delivering thought to the pure will which can assert in the form of creation the determinations of reason rather than submission the amorphousness of sensibility the gulf constitutes a proper excess to the determinate constraints of reason and nature from here it is not difficult to see how the category of the aesthetic has been reified as a political antidote to dogmatisms and how such a view may have influenced literary production 19 brassier ray nihil unbound pallgrave 2007 pg 3 20 although we might be tempted to translate foucault s actualité with the english present and though it certainly asks about the timeliness of the question i think actuality preserves the philosophical contrast to potentiality that is pregnant in foucault s writing the idea is to develop those potentials thus to bring into the present those individuations which have hitherto remain unactualized by asking which ones define one s temporal situatedness this tension is more palpable in his references to kant made explicit during his 1982 1983 lectures where he asks quel est le champ actuel des experiencés possibles which we might thereby translate as what is the actual terrain of possible experiences le gouvernement de soi et des autres cours au collège de france 1982 1983 ed françoisewald alessandro fontana and frédéric gros paris gallimard 2008 21 foucault michel technologies of the self a seminar with michel foucault ump pg 34 22 ibid 23 i do not intend to revisit the arduous history that foucault details in his text but rather propose to assess directly the ways in which individualism in the abovementioned senses become configured from the modern period onwards before suggesting a potential haven where the contemporary novel becomes implicated within this tradition as a way to complicate the story set by watt 24 ibid 44 25 foucault michel what is enlightenment pp 7 26 deleuze gilles abecedary h for history of philosophy translation by author available in http www youtube com watch v thjna7x29bs smith zadie two paths for the novel http www nybooks com articles archives 2008 nov 20 two paths for the novel pagination false 28 ibid 29 ishiguro never let me go vintage 2006 pg 136 30 ibid 201 31 ibid 178 32 ibid 204 33 ibid 278 34 for an exemplar of how this dialectical negotiation between the manifest and scientific images of man in the world within a literary context see scott bakker s stellar neuropath tor books 2010 publicado por daniel sacilotto en 4 06 18 comentarios etiquetas brassier correlationism defoe empiricism foucault historicism kant kazuo ishiguro meillassoux never let me go rationalism robinson crusoe sellars speculative realism subjectivism zadie smith jueves 25 de abril de 2013 funky matters funky matters jason wakefield funky b...