Meta tags:

Headings (most frequently used words):

the, june, 2024, blog, for, was, throwback, part, on, rates, fed, behind, curve, econcrit, saturday, 15, tuesday, 11, archive, labels, search, this, reference, art, heregraph, techniques, about, me, biden, inflation, what, happened, raising, lowering, is, summary, nixon, context, report, abuse,

Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (390), and (110), that (71), #inflation (70), fed (48), was (43), nixon (43), interest (35), rates (35), economy (34), not (30), june (29), rate (28), for (28), this (28), march (26), but (25), from (24), with (23), 2024 (23), election (23), economic (20), one (20), year (20), burns (19), has (18), all (17), 2023 (17), may (17), sbe (17), debt (16), policy (16), 2022 (16), more (15), have (15), his (14), interference (14), monetary (13), when (13), cost (13), share (13), are (13), before (13), unemployment (13), trend (12), throwback (12), april (12), august (12), link (12), president (12), about (11), push (11), 2021 (11), 1960 (11), july (11), november (11), biden (11), data (11), after (11), line (11), article (10), two (10), growth (10), target (10), january (10), new (10), shows (10), chairman (10), graph (9), see (9), they (9), trump (9), plan (9), february (9), september (9), october (9), december (9), can (9), will (9), part (9), richard (9), federal (9), out (9), been (9), down (9), keep (9), bartlett (9), time (9), since (9), months (9), ancient (8), first (8), early (8), how (8), than (8), 2020 (8), arthur (8), had (8), posts (8), evidence (8), raising (8), you (8), because (8), would (8), month (8), view (7), fred (7), long (7), rome (7), private (7), late (7), start (7), political (7), use (7), way (7), again (7), there (7), powell (7), low (7), 1972 (7), now (7), rising (7), reserve (7), also (6), during (6), into (6), change (6), under (6), much (6), enough (6), civilization (6), toynbee (6), both (6), history (6), price (6), curve (6), presidential (6), its (6), increase (6), message (6), then (6), however (6), until (6), high (6), news (6), three (6), politics (6), recession (6), sorkin (6), here (5), end (5), rise (5), search (5), too (5), like (5), problem (5), source (5), pressure (5), archive (5), look (5), right (5), credit (5), only (5), show (5), friedman (5), note (5), org (5), phillips (5), level (5), policies (5), day (5), could (5), still (5), coming (5), which (5), raise (5), were (5), monthly (5), term (5), above (5), over (5), feet (5), don (5), red (5), annual (5), art (4), schmelzing (4), work (4), last (4), money (4), capitalism (4), years (4), home (4), did (4), real (4), slow (4), keynes (4), 1950s (4), sbt (4), works (4), them (4), sector (4), such (4), many (4), theory (4), lot (4), 1970 (4), role (4), recent (4), our (4), even (4), away (4), republican (4), consequences (4), hit (4), prices (4), good (4), pressured (4), reelection (4), seen (4), came (4), once (4), 2004 (4), below (4), https (4), com (4), idea (4), detail (4), later (4), taken (4), content (4), econcrit (4), responded (4), covid (4), indicate (4), warned (4), arthurian (3), links (3), ages (3), industrial (3), based (3), without (3), page (3), economics (3), century (3), blog (3), what (3), think (3), depression (3), times (3), gdp (3), productivity (3), doesn (3), make (3), wrong (3), milton (3), cycle (3), labor (3), income (3), financial (3), finance (3), fall (3), excessive (3), decline (3), labels (3), power (3), their (3), economists (3), world (3), where (3), difficult (3), cases (3), likely (3), found (3), point (3), thomas (3), george (3), crises (3), click (3), around (3), theories (3), united (3), states (3), demand (3), full (3), stable (3), vol (3), makes (3), greatness (3), reducing (3), encourage (3), most (3), elections (3), let (3), other (3), pandemic (3), used (3), defeat (3), joe (3), hard (3), take (3), jerome (3), 1970s (3), central (3), bank (3), chair (3), upon (3), ridhancock (3), alan (3), tighten (3), easy (3), assume (3), get (3), who (3), 1971 (3), bruce (3), wikipedia (3), every (3), looked (3), council (3), him (3), improve (3), something (3), almost (3), abrams (3), herbert (3), continues (3), past (3), continued (3), within (3), peaked (3), should (3), race (3), zero (3), dragged (3), course (3), dots (3), excel (3), decided (3), represents (3), less (3), cnn (3), blue (3), profile (2), explain (2), stagnation (2), revolution (2), via (2), centuries (2), social (2), through (2), market (2), medieval (2), life (2), england (2), middle (2), case (2), open (2), reddit (2), atlantic (2), reference (2), terms (2), cycles (2), quigley (2), evolution (2), civ (2), prosperity (2), average (2), says (2), stuff (2), man (2), little (2), inequality (2), run (2), wage (2), 202 (2), 2018 (2), 2019 (2), 100 (2), hume (2), 2025 (2), these (2), civilizations (2), response (2), powerful (2), repayment (2), got (2), overly (2), important (2), study (2), business (2), leuchtenburg (2), meaning (2), free (2), historical (2), thru (2), book (2), left (2), window (2), quotes (2), baffling (2), influenced (2), 2014 (2), papers (2), pull (2), dilemma (2), employment (2), samuelson (2), solow (2), 1968 (2), 1962 (2), old (2), palley (2), quick (2), vigor (2), cause (2), slows (2), lost (2), between (2), cannot (2), numbered (2), saw (2), gets (2), went (2), fight (2), looks (2), why (2), must (2), pinterest (2), facebook (2), blogthis (2), email (2), post (2), created (2), rumor (2), really (2), talk (2), talked (2), delay (2), happen (2), donald (2), wants (2), getting (2), paul (2), volcker (2), campaign (2), presidents (2), saying (2), lower (2), remained (2), attributed (2), led (2), find (2), picture (2), greenspan (2), today (2), increasing (2), while (2), tightening (2), going (2), playing (2), concludes (2), harder (2), continue (2), say (2), strong (2), against (2), paragraph (2), sounds (2), elected (2), controls (2), reduced (2), robust (2), national (2), review (2), www (2), nationalreview (2), emerging (2), majority (2), john (2), apparently (2), improving (2), winning (2), bob (2), woodward (2), prohibiting (2), discussion (2), damage (2), just (2), example (2), watch (2), movie (2), men (2), watergate (2), bills (2), issued (2), seems (2), great (2), robert (2), press (2), some (2), advisors (2), blamed (2), finally (2), running (2), evans (2), novak (2), eisenhower (2), toward (2), stimulating (2), game (2), appears (2), six (2), tapes (2), rule (2), thumb (2), steps (2), second (2), called (2), writes (2), delete (2), please (2), blogspot (2), html (2), moving (2), keeping (2), renamed (2), series (2), said (2), come (2), far (2), wait (2), promptly (2), dragging (2), bad (2), remain (2), though (2), respond (2), failed (2), timely (2), manner (2), started (2), warning (2), rises (2), prevent (2), next (2), several (2), higher (2), moneywatch (2), reports (2), comes (2), figure (2), jan (2), linear (2), bottom (2), unchanged (2), ever (2), slightly (2), behind (2), predict (2), natural (2), dates (2), remember (2), begin (2), number (2), ago (2), values (2), facts (2), dashed (2), numbers (2), cpi (2), bigger (2), showing (2), label (2), hoover (2), powered, blogger, complete, techniques, commentary, helps, dark, republic, principate, unequivocally, capitalist, society, sense, ownership, property, transaction, relations, agriculture, simulations, nature, limits, anglo, saxon, norman, farming, laxton, village, survey, peasants, advances, agricultural, technology, 800, 1000, maritime, insurance, built, priceonomics, classes, classical, culture, ups, downs, 900, collapse, written, arctic, ice, andy, blunden, taking, malthus, seriously, guilds, religious, preceded, 20th, convergence, divergence, portuguese, 1527, 1850, harbingers, modernity, injections, european, 1492, 1790, europe, riches, voxeu, sustained, daily, reckoning, eight, global, suprasecular, 700, michael, hudson, armstrongeconomics, licensed, creative, commons, attribution, noncommercial, noderivatives, international, license, report, abuse, whelan, guide, whack, mole, opinion, econ, bankers, know, continuing, panic, secular, profit, falsifiable, nobody, n2r, fried, measuring, profits, math, ulc, making, piggies, personal, levels, dead, household, google, overview, units, fix, financialization, 19th, fallacy, composition, equilibrium, polarization, concerns, drive, action, companion, service, 1980, ceiling, cmz, calculating, brooks, adams, decay, attitude, arnold, apr13, alternative, thesis, 400k, smoothing, 1966, gothedistance, 139, 204, 159, 118, chapter, sentence, quoted, arbitrary, tyrannical, government, forgiveness, 136, blogthemes, pedestal, words, appear, name, ozymandias, king, kings, mighty, despair, nothing, beside, remains, maintained, fate, determined, challenges, facing, ideas, philosophers, commonly, understood, indeed, ruled, else, encourages, discourages, indebted, attempts, describe, complex, interactions, simple, adages, lead, incorrect, conclusions, remarked, plurality, suffrages, guarantee, truth, discovery, thought, own, respects, departs, prevailing, descartes, meyer, tasci, nathan, becker, stefan, zenker, shelley, themes, 10000, mercantile, timelines, wanniski, jude, volumes, abridged, tooke, inquiry, currency, principle, terborgh, rostovtzeff, roman, empire, mullineux, montagu, critical, essays, reviews, ferdinand, beginnings, perils, franklin, roosevelt, deal, kissinger, reflections, spengler, kant, mischief, choose, finley, ensor, 1870, 1914, delong, mathematical, logic, dalio, principles, machine, arrighi, twentieth, statistics, upper, corner, icon, side, phrases, 2015, debate, norikazu, takami, retrospectives, cruel, 2016, stability, versus, reconsidered, objective, 1960s, aggregate, 2013, menu, choice, retrospective, johannes, schwarzer, 1977, humphrey, pre, war, literature, 1974, hayek, prize, lecture, pretense, knowledge, counter, address, alt, okun, potential, measurement, significance, achieving, maintaining, lipsey, 1959, charles, schultze, 1958, paper, 1937, general, mostly, abridgement, unabridged, spontaneous, same, steve, keen, hover, quote, folder, tab, contents, levy, institute, publications, ebooks, forever, fadedpage, selected, troubles, big, costly, decent, jobs, scarce, regain, american, china, measure, fan, diagrams, sometimes, screen, capture, slide, slideshare, presentatio, difference, surely, true, corresponding, quantity, velocity, write, mid, weeks, yesterday, candidates, heavily, adver, trouble, harbor, freight, traffic, parking, hearing, phrase, forced, conclude, very, concept, cap, subscribe, atom, older, comments, weaponized, republicans, attempt, question, spread, innuendo, fault, rather, supporters, pocketbook, announcement, coded, administered, setters, somehow, mean, didn, leaves, wondering, helped, cement, disastrous, ronald, reagan, presidency, chief, staff, tell, ahead, wasn, planning, anyway, decades, shied, insider, spur, widely, key, contributor, runaway, 1980s, chronically, forgo, steep, hikes, lyndon, johnson, looking, tales, places, broaden, substantially, respect, aware, willingness, gain, unresponsive, grew, concerned, era, bush, possibility, couldn, everywhere, reason, relevant, white, house, displeased, avoids, well, respected, believes, knowingly, purposes, longer, waits, people, ask, whether, thoughts, elsewhere, although, standards, starting, attention, becoming, economist, needs, soon, officials, capacity, utilization, argue, help, suspect, dated, opens, everyone, knew, expansive, mattered, wanted, loose, order, sure, imposition, turns, acknowledged, refer, broken, http, articles, 210446, footnote, reads, served, 1978, reputation, having, decisions, 1969, kevin, identifies, principal, architects, mitchell, among, emerged, group, sleazebag, behavior, worthy, emulation, pen, pals, form, might, seem, comparison, intrudes, lose, incidental, considerations, lying, stonewalling, congress, sampler, manipulations, tampering, include, break, burglars, carrying, 6300, sequentially, lied, reporter, stonewalled, congressional, investigations, directive, offices, any, subject, includes, omitted, pakula, starring, redford, dustin, hoffman, wild, desperate, fulminated, hatred, took, task, mccracken, putting, gay, optimistic, face, piece, discouraging, propounded, confidence, best, generated, appearing, confident, coloring, need, resulting, tight, conditions, named, instructions, ensure, access, resisted, negative, planted, newspapers, threat, legislation, dilute, influence, governors, succumbed, relationship, often, rocky, reflecting, diary, meeting, attended, himself, treasury, secretary, connally, director, bureau, budget, wrote, dirt, section, fully, committed, reprinted, shelf, edited, nikolaieff, stabilizing, america, decade, aides, close, friends, heard, privately, advice, moved, rapidly, jack, kennedy, implication, quite, stated, flatly, never, state, deflation, nixonomics, rowland, incumbent, party, heartwarming, conceived, assure, engaged, intended, benefit, driven, encounter, least, remembered, available, researchers, engage, expansionary, thus, stein, member, advisers, became, confirms, modest, reasons, vice, win, turn, recounts, warn, dip, urged, strongly, everything, possible, done, avert, development, urgently, recommended, immediately, burton, ends, context, tuesday, comment, waiting, fits, behave, hold, move, avoided, prepared, force, ready, reduce, falling, settling, comparable, top, follow, peak, turned, chose, nipped, bud, responding, another, passed, predicted, pass, support, growing, summary, approaching, anyone, bring, refusal, allowed, shot, becomes, obvious, certainly, scheme, planned, hiring, consumers, spend, voters, dour, large, struck, area, stalled, progress, letting, means, clear, figured, reach, updated, release, already, extended, small, calculate, file, dropbox, stlouisfed, 1oejn, monster, closer, brought, stimulate, reduces, gradual, being, probably, reading, trending, date, worth, noting, lowering, highest, lowest, slopes, downward, suggesting, future, exactly, bounced, back, settled, along, consider, whole, period, straight, stupor, mark, outrageous, moderately, percent, lowered, previous, common, speak, twelve, compounded, noted, per, flat, give, yet, statement, nonsense, gave, bls, instead, ignoring, maybe, andrew, ross, showed, morning, prior, sound, stabilized, tomorrow, near, consistently, hear, stopped, short, cluttered, reveres, maximum, acceptable, varies, varied, runs, funds, control, raises, unacceptable, lowers, grow, faster, gray, consumer, index, plot, extends, centered, gaps, changes, image, happened, saturday, want, adds, stock, crashed, former, office, 1929, signaled, beginning,

Text of the page (random words):
to election interference more dirt on nixon this from the federal reserve chairman section of wikipedia s article on arthur burns nixon later blamed his defeat in 1960 in part on fed policy and the resulting tight credit conditions and slow growth after finally winning the presidential election of 1968 nixon named burns to the fed chair in 1970 with instructions to ensure easy access to credit when nixon was running for reelection in 1972 later when burns resisted negative press about him was planted in newspapers and under the threat of legislation to dilute the fed s influence burns and other governors succumbed burns s relationship with nixon was often rocky reflecting in his diary about a 1971 meeting attended by himself nixon treasury secretary john connally the chairman of the council of economic advisors and the director of the bureau of the budget burns wrote the president looked wild talked like a desperate man fulminated with hatred against the press took some of us to task apparently meaning me or chairman of the council of economic advisors paul mccracken or both for not putting a gay and optimistic face on every piece of economic news however discouraging propounded the theory that confidence can be best generated by appearing confident and coloring if need be the news wikipedia also includes a detail which seems to have been omitted from all the president s men the great alan j pakula movie starring robert redford and dustin hoffman at the watergate break in of 1972 the burglars were found carrying 6300 of sequentially numbered 100 bills the fed lied to reporter bob woodward as to the source of the bills burns stonewalled congressional investigations about them and issued a directive to all fed offices prohibiting any discussion of the subject watergate was just one more example of nixon tampering with elections that time however it did not include improving the economy watch the movie watch all the president s men improving the economy as a form of election interference might seem by comparison a good idea but when winning the election intrudes on economic policy the economy will lose every time and the incidental considerations like lying to bob woodward stonewalling congress and prohibiting discussion are but a nixon sampler of the damage created by such manipulations by the way richard nixon and donald trump were pen pals in the emerging republican majority 1969 kevin p phillips identifies the two principal architects of the emerging republican majority richard nixon and john mitchell among that emerged group then nixon s sleazebag behavior is apparently seen as worthy of emulation from wikipedia s arthur f burns article burns served as fed chairman from february 1970 until the end of january 1978 he has a reputation of having been overly influenced by political pressure in his monetary policy decisions during his time as chairman 13 footnote 13 reads bartlett bruce 2004 04 28 more politics at the fed national review there is this link http www nationalreview com articles 210446 more politics fed bruce bartlett that link is broken this one works https www nationalreview com 2004 04 more politics fed ridhancock the link turns up more politics at the fed at national review attributed to ridhancock bruce bartlett is acknowledged in a note below the article i will refer to the article as the bartlett article the bartlett article says nixon wanted to keep monetary policy loose in order to make sure the economy was robust going into the election this led to the imposition of wage and price controls in august 1971 that paragraph concludes while everyone knew they would not work for long the controls reduced inflation enough to keep monetary policy expansive through november 1972 which was all that mattered now that sounds like nixon getting elected was be all and end all the bartlett article dated april 28 2004 opens with this paragraph rising inflation and interest rates although still low by historical standards are starting to get the attention of economists it is becoming harder and harder to find an economist who doesn t think the federal reserve needs to tighten monetary policy soon however fed officials continue to say that unemployment low capacity utilization and strong productivity growth argue against tightening at this time they may be right but one cannot help but suspect that politics is also playing a role once you see election interference in nixon it is easy to see elsewhere the article concludes with these thoughts the reason this nixon burns history is relevant today 2004 is because the fed is under increasing pressure to tighten monetary policy while there is no evidence of white house pressure to keep monetary policy easy one can assume that it will not be displeased if the fed avoids tightening before election day fed chairman alan greenspan is well respected and no one believes he would knowingly use monetary policy for political purposes however the longer he waits to tighten monetary policy the more people are going to ask whether politics is playing a role once you see it in nixon you see it everywhere bartlett or ridhancock was aware of nixon s willingness to use economic policy for political gain because of rising inflation and an unresponsive fed bartlett grew concerned about election interference in the era of george w bush and alan greenspan not that there was evidence of interference but inflation was rising and interest rates were not bartlett saw the possibility of election interference and he couldn t look away i can respect that if you go looking you can find tales of nixon and burns in many places the other day i came upon three that i had not seen before they broaden the picture substantially here is a quick look at ap news 12 may 2022 the chronically high inflation of the 1970s has been attributed in part to political pressure that led the fed to forgo steep rate hikes under presidents lyndon johnson and richard nixon at ap news 31 may 2022 in the early 1970s president richard nixon pressured fed chair arthur burns to lower interest rates to spur the economy before nixon s 1972 reelection campaign nixon s interference is now widely seen as a key contributor to runaway inflation which remained high until the early 1980s at business insider 11 march 2024 richard nixon pressured the fed to keep interest rates low before his reelection which helped cement the disastrous inflation of the 1970s ronald reagan got the message to the central bank on his wants during his presidency getting his chief of staff to tell then fed chair paul volcker not to raise rates ahead of his reelection campaign volcker wasn t planning to raise rates anyway in recent decades however most presidents shied away from saying much until trump good article that last this all leaves me wondering about donald trump fed chairman jerome powell and the biden inflation i have no evidence that trump and powell talk the way nixon and burns talked i have no evidence that powell s march 2021 announcement inflation is coming was a coded message to administered price setters to start raising prices i have no evidence that the fed s year long delay before raising interest rates march 2021 to march 2022 was somehow part of a republican plan to take biden down i have no evidence that doesn t mean it didn t happen was the post pandemic inflation created weaponized and used by republicans in an attempt to defeat joe biden even if this question is spread only by rumor and innuendo it could still have powerful consequences for the november election the rumor shows the 2021 2024 inflation to be trump s fault rather than biden s and the inflation has hit trump supporters has hit us all really hard in the pocketbook at june 11 2024 no comments email this blogthis share to x share to facebook share to pinterest labels throwback older posts home subscribe to posts atom why economists must think in terms of the cycle of civilization i ve been hearing the phrase late capitalism for so long that i m forced to conclude that the very concept of late cap looks like vigor to me went to harbor freight the other day when i left there was so much traffic i had to fight my way out of the parking lot at one p m on let s see if this one gets me into trouble as i write this it is mid october in an even numbered year elections are weeks away yesterday i saw republican candidates heavily adver not the rate of interest but the cost of finance not inflation but the decline of growth it is surely true that the price level cannot rise without a corresponding increase in the quantity of money or velocity or use of credit the most important difference between cost push and demand pull inflation i m not a fan of diagrams in economics but sometimes this is a screen capture of slide 36 from a slideshare presentatio federal debt is the measure of economic troubles in the private sector not the cause of them the cause is excessive private sector debt private debt is too big and too costly it slows the economy it slows income growth it makes decent jobs scarce we lost our greatness to excessive private sector debt we can regain american greatness by reducing private debt if we do so before china has all the greatness note that we have many policies to encourage the use of credit and no policies to encourage repayment of debt selected fred data free ebooks forever fadedpage levy institute publications art s old vigor page click folder tab to view contents quick quotes on debt sbt hover for the quote click for the source steve keen sbe thomas palley sbe palley again same source sbe arthurian spontaneous sbe arthurian sbe id a j toynbee a study of history unabridged vol 1 page 1 abridgement vol 1 thru 10 id mostly old cost push stuff 1937 the general theory of employment 1958 the phillips curve paper 1959 charles schultze recent inflation in the united states 1960 richard lipsey on the phillips curve 1960 samuelson and solow problem of achieving and maintaining a stable price level 1962 arthur okun potential gdp its measurement and significance 1968 friedman s presidential address the role of monetary policy or alt link 1970 milton friedman the counter revolution in monetary theory 1974 f a hayek prize lecture the pretense of knowledge 1977 thomas m humphrey on cost push theories of inflation in the pre war monetary literature id papers by johannes a schwarzer sbt samuelson and solow on the phillips curve and the menu of choice a retrospective 2013 sbe growth as an objective of economic policy in the early 1960s the role of aggregate demand 2014 sbe price stability versus full employment the phillips curve dilemma reconsidered 2016 sbe retrospectives cost push and demand pull inflation milton friedman and the cruel dilemma 2018 sbe id papers by norikazu takami 1950s cost push sbt baffling inflation cost push inflation theories in the late 1950s united states 2014 sbe the baffling new inflation how cost push inflation theories influenced policy debate in the late 1950s united states 2015 sbe id archive org links sbt archive org home sbe note at archive org the upper right corner search is for all of archive org to search the open book click the search icon on the left side of the window and use quotes around search phrases sbe historical statistics thru 1970 part 1 arrighi g the long twentieth century dalio r economic principles how the economic machine works delong h a profile of mathematical logic r c k ensor england 1870 1914 finley m i the ancient economy friedman m free to choose friedman m money mischief kissinger h the meaning of history reflections on spengler toynbee and kant leuchtenburg w franklin d roosevelt and the new deal leuchtenburg w the perils of prosperity lot ferdinand the end of the ancient world and the beginnings of the middle ages montagu a toynbee and history critical essays and reviews mullineux a w business cycles and financial crises quigley the evolution of civilizations rostovtzeff the social and economic history of the roman empire terborgh george the new economics tooke thomas an inquiry into the currency principle toynbee aj a study of history volumes i vi abridged wanniski jude the way the world works sbe id timelines industrial capitalism sbe mercantile capitalism sbe 10000 years of economy sbe id blog themes and on the pedestal these words appear my name is ozymandias king of kings look on my works ye mighty and despair nothing beside remains shelley toynbee maintained that the fate of civilizations is determined by their response to the challenges facing them stefan zenker the ideas of economists and political philosophers both when they are right and when they are wrong are more powerful than is commonly understood indeed the world is ruled by little else j m keynes economic policy encourages credit use and discourages the repayment of debt that s how we in the private sector got so indebted nathan becker attempts to describe complex interactions in the economy with overly simple adages can lead to incorrect conclusions meyer and tasci i remarked that a plurality of suffrages is no guarantee of truth where it is at all of difficult discovery as in such cases it is much more likely that it will be found by one than by many descartes i have thought it important not only to explain my own point of view but also to show in what respects it departs from the prevailing theory j m keynes blogthemes blog archive 2025 136 october 4 and debt forgiveness was biden s plan hume on the arbitrary power of tyrannical government hume quoted by keynes last chapter first sentence september 19 august 12 july 6 june 10 may 11 april 23 march 19 february 11 january 21 2024 100 december 15 november 9 october 14 september 10 august 7 july 12 june 7 may 3 march 13 february 7 january 3 2023 118 december 6 november 15 october 8 september 8 august 4 july 3 june 16 may 15 april 12 march 8 february 12 january 11 2022 159 december 22 november 17 october 13 september 6 august 4 july 9 june 12 may 4 april 11 march 22 february 15 january 24 2021 204 december 8 november 21 october 15 september 17 august 11 july 13 june 22 may 19 april 17 march 22 february 18 january 21 2020 139 december 20 november 20 october 8 september 11 august 13 july 8 may 2 april 18 march 16 february 19 january 4 2019 202 december 9 november 13 october 18 september 15 august 16 july 20 june 18 may 15 april 27 march 25 february 12 january 14 2018 202 december 12 november 13 october 20 september 11 august 8 july 8 june 19 may 20 april 30 march 31 february 30 labels gothedistance 1966 3 inflation target 400k smoothing an alternative to the wage push inflation thesis apr13 arnold j toynbee attitude brooks adams civilization and decay calculating labor share civilization cmz cost pressure and the decline of civilization cycle of civilization debt and inequality debt ceiling 2023 debt service before 1980 debt to gdp companion economic concerns drive political action economic declin...