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view source for fuel cell wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in view source for fuel cell add languages article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file page information get shortened url switch to legacy parser in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide fuel cell you do not have permission to edit this page for the following reason this ip address range has been globally blocked this does not affect your ability to read wikipedia pages most people who see this message have done nothing wrong some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong this block affects editing on all wikimedia wikis the ip address or range 5 135 0 0 16 has been globally blocked by jon kolbert for the following reason s open proxy webhost visit the faq if you are affected this block will expire on 04 29 8 january 2027 your current ip address is 5 135 42 194 even while globally blocked you will usually still be able to edit pages on meta wiki if you believe you were blocked by mistake you can find additional information and instructions in the stewards block wizard other useful links global blocks help i have been blocked you can view and copy the source of this page proton exchange membrane fuel cell design issues cost in 2013 the department of energy estimated that 80 kw automotive fuel cell system costs of usd 67 per kilowatt could be achieved assuming volume production of 100 000 automotive units per year and usd 55 per kilowatt could be achieved assuming volume production of 500 000 units per year ref spendelow jacob and jason marcinkoski http www hydrogen energy gov pdfs 13012_fuel_cell_system_cost_2013 pdf fuel cell system cost 2013 webarchive url https web archive org web 20131202225059 http www hydrogen energy gov pdfs 13012_fuel_cell_system_cost_2013 pdf date 2 december 2013 doe fuel cell technologies office 16 october 2013 https web archive org web 20131202225059 http www hydrogen energy gov pdfs 13012_fuel_cell_system_cost_2013 pdf archived version ref many companies are working on techniques to reduce cost in a variety of ways including reducing the amount of platinum needed in each individual cell ballard power systems has experimented with a catalyst enhanced with carbon silk which allows a 30 reduction 1 0 0 7 mg cm sup 2 sup in platinum usage without reduction in performance ref cite news title ballard power systems commercially viable fuel cell stack technology ready by 2010 date 29 march 2005 url http www fuelcellsworks com supppage2336 html access date 2007 05 27 archive url https web archive org web 20070927050617 http www fuelcellsworks com supppage2336 html archive date 27 september 2007 ref monash university melbourne uses poly 3 4 ethylenedioxythiophene pedot as a cathode ref name online cite web last online first science url http www abc net au news stories 2008 08 02 2322139 htm archive url https web archive org web 20080806174903 http www abc net au news stories 2008 08 02 2322139 htm archive date 6 august 2008 title 2008 cathodes in fuel cells publisher abc net au date 2 august 2008 access date 2009 09 21 ref a 2011 published study ref cite journal doi 10 1021 ja1112904 pmid 21413707 volume 133 issue 14 title polyelectrolyte functionalized carbon nanotubes as efficient metal free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction journal journal of the american chemical society pages 5182 5185 last1 wang first1 shuangyin s2cid 207063759 year 2011 bibcode 2011jachs 133 5182w ref documented the first metal free electrocatalyst using relatively inexpensive doped carbon nanotube s which are less than 1 the cost of platinum and are of equal or superior performance a recently published article demonstrated how the environmental burdens change when using carbon nanotubes as carbon substrate for platinum ref cite journal last1 notter first1 dominic a last2 kouravelou first2 katerina last3 karachalios first3 theodoros last4 daletou first4 maria k last5 haberland first5 nara tudela title life cycle assessment of pem fc applications electric mobility and μ chp journal energy environ sci date 2015 volume 8 issue 7 pages 1969 1985 doi 10 1039 c5ee01082a bibcode 2015enens 8 1969n ref water and air management ref cite web url http www ika rwth aachen de r2h index php water_and_air_management_for_fuel_cells title water_and_air_management publisher ika rwth aachen de access date 2009 09 21 archive url https web archive org web 20090114182615 http www ika rwth aachen de r2h index php water_and_air_management_for_fuel_cells archive date 14 january 2009 ref ref cite journal last1 andersson first1 m last2 beale first2 s b last3 espinoza first3 m last4 wu first4 z last5 lehnert first5 w date 2016 10 15 title a review of cell scale multiphase flow modeling including water management in polymer electrolyte fuel cells journal applied energy volume 180 pages 757 778 doi 10 1016 j apenergy 2016 08 010 bibcode 2016apen 180 757a ref in pemfcs in this type of fuel cell the membrane must be hydrated requiring water to be evaporated at precisely the same rate that it is produced if water is evaporated too quickly the membrane dries the resistance across it increases and eventually it will crack creating a gas short circuit where hydrogen and oxygen combine directly generating heat that will damage the fuel cell if the water is evaporated too slowly the electrodes will flood preventing the reactants from reaching the catalyst and stopping the reaction methods to manage water in cells are being developed like electroosmotic pump s focusing on flow control just as in a combustion engine a steady ratio between the reactant and oxygen is necessary to keep the fuel cell operating efficiently temperature management the same temperature must be maintained throughout the cell in order to prevent destruction of the cell through thermal loading this is particularly challenging as the 2h sub 2 sub o sub 2 sub 2h sub 2 sub o reaction is highly exothermic so a large quantity of heat is generated within the fuel cell durability service life and special requirements for some type of cells stationary fuel cell applications typically require more than 40 000 hours of reliable operation at a temperature of convert 35 to 40 c f while automotive fuel cells require a 5 000 hour lifespan the equivalent of convert 150000 miles km abbr on sigfig 2 order flip disp or under extreme temperatures current service life is 2 500 hours about convert 75 000 mi km abbr on sigfig 2 order flip disp or ref cite web url http www1 eere energy gov hydrogenandfuelcells pdfs accomplishments pdf title progress and accomplishments in hydrogen and fuel cells access date 2015 05 16 archive url https web archive org web 20151123185414 http www1 eere energy gov hydrogenandfuelcells pdfs accomplishments pdf archive date 23 november 2015 ref automotive engines must also be able to start reliably at convert 30 c f abbr on and have a high power to volume ratio typically 2 5 kw l limited carbon monoxide tolerance of some non pedot cathodes ref name wgs return to fuel cell retrieved from https en wikipedia org wiki fuel_cell privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search view source for fuel cell add languages add topic