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nion armies march 10 the red river campaign begins as union troops reach alexandria louisiana march 11 great sheffield flood a reservoir near sheffield england bursts 250 die march 14 rossini s petite messe solennelle is first performed by twelve singers two pianists and a harmonium player in a mansion in paris 3 april edit april 8 gallaudet university is founded in washington d c as the first university for the deaf and hard of hearing april 12 american civil war battle of fort pillow confederate forces kill most of the african american soldiers who surrender at fort pillow tennessee april 15 choe je u founder of the donghak movement is executed by beheading for sedition at daegu korea april 18 danish prussian war second schleswig war battle of dybbøl the prussian army fielding 10 000 men defeats the danish defending army of 9 200 at dybbøl mill after an artillery bombardment from april 7 18 april 22 the united states congress passes the coinage act of 1864 which makes privately issued civil war tokens illegal an additional law is passed on june 8 to include all private coinage the phrase in god we trust appears for the first time on the newly created two cent piece april 30 american civil war confederate forces led by general e kirby smith attack federal troops retreating across the saline at jenkins ferry arkansas 4 may edit may 2 under terms of the treaty of london the united kingdom voluntarily cedes control of the united states of the ionian islands to the kingdom of greece may 4 société générale a major financial group in france is founded 5 may 5 american civil war the battle of the wilderness begins in spotsylvania county virginia clipper ship city of adelaide in 1864 may 7 american civil war the army of the potomac under general ulysses s grant breaks off from the battle of the wilderness and moves southwards the clipper ship city of adelaide is launched in sunderland england by the 21st century she will be the world s oldest surviving clipper of only two cutty sark being the other may 8 21 american civil war battle of spotsylvania court house the bloody angle some 4 000 troops on both sides die in an inconclusive engagement may 9 danish prussian war second schleswig war battle of heligoland the danish navy gains a tactical victory over those of austria and prussia near the island of heligoland it is the last significant naval battle fought by squadrons of wooden ships and also the last involving denmark american general john sedgwick is shot dead during the battle of spotsylvania court house shortly after uttering the famous last words they couldn t hit an elephant from this distance battle of heligoland in 1864 by josef carl barthold puettner american civil war may 11 battle of yellow tavern confederate general j e b stuart is mortally wounded at yellow tavern virginia may 13 battle of resaca the battle begins with union general sherman fighting toward atlanta may 15 battle of new market cadets from the virginia military institute fight alongside the confederate army forcing union general franz sigel out of the shenandoah valley may 18 civil war gold hoax the new york world and the new york journal of commerce publish a fake proclamation that president abraham lincoln has issued a draft of 400 000 more soldiers may 20 american civil war battle of ware bottom church in the virginia bermuda hundred campaign 10 000 troops fight in this confederate victory australian bushranger ben hall and his gang escape from a shootout with police after attempting to rob the bang bang hotel in koorawatha new south wales may 21 the russian empire begins the circassian genocide more than 1 5 million circassians are driven from their homeland to the ottoman empire ending the russo circassian war may 26 montana territory is organized out of parts of washington territory and dakota territory may 13 battle of resaca june edit june 5 in marseille notre dame de la garde the city s most famous landmark is consecrated american civil war battle of piedmont union forces under general david hunter defeat a confederate army at piedmont west virginia taking nearly 1 000 prisoners american civil war june 9 first battle of petersburg june 10 battle of noonday creek confederate troops defeat union forces near kennesaw georgia battle of brice s crossroads confederate troops under nathan bedford forrest defeat a much larger union force led by general samuel d sturgis in mississippi june 12 battle of cold harbor general ulysses s grant pulls his troops from their positions at cold harbor virginia and moves south june 15 arlington national cemetery is established in the united states when 200 acres 0 81 km 2 of the grounds of robert e lee s home arlington house are officially set aside as a military cemetery by u s secretary of war edwin m stanton june 18 the decree of extended freedom of trade introduces complete freedom of trade in sweden the january uprising ends in the defeat of polish forces june 19 american civil war battle of cherbourg confederate states navy css alabama is sunk in a single ship action with uss kearsarge in the english channel off the coast of the cotentin peninsula france june 21 new zealand wars the tauranga campaign ends june 27 american civil war battle of kennesaw mountain confederate troops defeat union forces near kennesaw georgia june 29 second schleswig war the battle of als is won by the prussians under general herwarth von bittenfeld who occupy the island of als after crossing the alssund between the village of sottrupskov and the sandbjerg estate by night of 9 000 danish troops stationed there a third are killed wounded or captured 6 st hilaire train disaster a passenger train operated by grand trunk railway and travelling from quebec city to montreal is derailed at a swung open bridge after a signal passed at danger the train also collapses onto a ship sinking both ship and train 99 people are killed and 100 injured making this the deadliest train accident in canada s history 7 june the united states sanitary commission s sanitary fair in philadelphia takes place 8 july edit july 2 dimitri atanasescu founds the first romanian school in the balkans for aromanians in trnovo in the ottoman empire modern day north macedonia 9 by the early 20th century the number of these schools will have risen to 106 10 july 4 the university of bucharest in romania is founded american civil war in 1864 july 18 president lincoln issues a true proclamation of conscription of 500 000 men for the u s civil war july 19 the third battle of nanking climaxes when the taiping heavenly kingdom capital of nanking falls to an assault by imperial qing dynasty forces in the last major action of the taiping rebellion in china there are probably more than a million troops in the battle and the taiping army sustains at least 100 000 dead american civil war july 20 battle of peachtree creek near atlanta confederate forces led by general john bell hood unsuccessfully attack union troops under general william t sherman july 22 battle of atlanta outside of atlanta confederate general hood leads an unsuccessful attack on union troops under general sherman on bald hill july 24 second battle of kernstown confederate general jubal early defeats union troops led by general george crook in an effort to keep the yankees out of the shenandoah valley july 28 battle of ezra church confederate troops led by general hood make a third unsuccessful attempt to drive union forces under general sherman from atlanta july 29 confederate spy belle boyd is arrested by union troops and detained at the old capitol prison in washington d c july 30 battle of the crater union forces attempt to break confederate lines by exploding a large bomb under their trenches august 5 battle of mobile bay august edit august 1 the elgin watch company is founded in elgin illinois august 5 american civil war battle of mobile bay at mobile bay near mobile alabama admiral david farragut leads a union flotilla through confederate defenses and seals one of the last major southern ports august 10 an undeclared uruguayan war begins when uruguay refuses an ultimatum from the empire of brazil august 13 the first fish and chips shop perhaps opens in london august 18 american civil war battle of globe tavern forces under union general ulysses s grant try to cut a vital confederate supply line into petersburg virginia by attacking the wilmington and weldon railroad forcing the confederates to use wagons august 22 the first geneva convention for the amelioration of the condition of the wounded in armies in the field is signed in geneva by 12 european states under the auspices of the international committee for relief to the wounded predecessor of the international red cross and red crescent movement august 22 signing of the first geneva convention august 31 american civil war union forces led by general william t sherman launch an assault on atlanta september edit september 1 american civil war confederate general hood evacuates atlanta after a 4 month siege mounted by union general sherman charlottetown conference delegates from the canadian colonies meet to discuss canadian confederation september 2 american civil war union forces under general sherman enter atlanta a day after the confederate defenders fled the city september 5 6 bombardment of shimonoseki an american british dutch and french alliance engages the powerful feudal japanese warlord or daimyō lord mōri takachika of the chōshū clan based in shimonoseki japan september 7 american civil war atlanta is evacuated on orders of union general william tecumseh sherman september 16 pope pius ix establishes the diocese of gozo september 17 american civil war the second battle of cabin creek is fought in indian territory september 28 the international workingmen s association is founded in london 11 october edit october 1 a calamity is narrowly averted in london at the erith explosion october 2 american civil war first battle of saltville union forces attack saltville virginia but are defeated by confederate troops october 5 a cyclone kills 70 000 people in and around calcutta in india october 9 american civil war battle of tom s brook union cavalrymen in the shenandoah valley defeat confederate forces at tom s brook virginia october 10 the quebec conference begins to discuss plans for the creation of a dominion of canada 12 october 12 uruguayan war forces of the empire of brazil invade uruguay in support of venancio flores colorado party october 28 american civil war second battle of fair oaks union forces under general ulysses s grant withdraw from fair oaks virginia after failing to breach the confederate defenses around richmond virginia october 30 the second schleswig war is concluded denmark renounces all claim to schleswig holstein and lauenburg which come under prussian and austrian administration helena montana is founded after four prospectors the so called four georgians discover gold at last chance gulch it is their last and agreed final attempt for weeks of trying to find gold in the northern rockies an annular solar eclipse occurs the 42nd solar eclipse of solar saros 131 october 31 nevada is admitted as the 36th u s state 13 november edit november 4 american civil war battle of johnsonville at johnsonville tennessee troops under the command of confederate general nathan bedford forrest bombard a union supply base with artillery and destroy millions of dollars worth of material november 7 the capital of idaho territory is moved from lewiston to boise north idaho declares the move illegal and proposes secession november 8 1864 united states presidential election abraham lincoln is reelected in an overwhelming victory over george b mcclellan november 12 hostilities in the paraguayan war open with the paraguayan ship tacuarí capturing the brazilian marquês de olinda in the paraguay river american civil war november 15 sherman s march to the sea begins union general sherman burns atlanta and starts to move south living off the land and causing extensive devastation to crops and mills november 20 the judicial reform of alexander ii is launched in the russian empire november 22 sherman s march to the sea confederate general john bell hood invades tennessee in an unsuccessful attempt to draw union general sherman from georgia november 25 a group of confederate operatives calling themselves the confederate army of manhattan starts fires in more than 20 locations in an unsuccessful attempt to burn down new york city november 29 american indian wars sand creek massacre colorado volunteers led by colonel john chivington massacre at least 400 cheyenne and arapaho noncombatants at sand creek colorado where they had been given permission to camp many of the dead are subsequently mutilated nov 15 sherman s march to the sea november 30 american civil war second battle of franklin the confederate army of tennessee led by general hood mounts a dramatically unsuccessful frontal assault on union positions around franklin tennessee hood loses 6 generals and almost a third of his troops december edit december 1 the great fire of brisbane breaks out in australia december 4 american civil war sherman s march to the sea at waynesboro georgia forces under union general judson kilpatrick prevent troops led by confederate general joseph wheeler from interfering with union general sherman s campaign of destroying a wide swath of the south on his march to savannah union forces suffer more than 3 times the casualties as the confederates however december 8 james clerk maxwell presents his paper a dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field to the royal society in london treating light as an electromagnetic wave 14 syllabus errorum pope pius ix condemns theological liberalism as an error and claims the supremacy of roman catholic church authority over civil society he also condemns rationalism and socialism the clifton suspension bridge across the river avon bristol in england designed by isambard kingdom brunel and completed as a memorial to him opens to traffic 11 december 13 paraguayan war paraguay formally declares war on the empire of brazil in support of the uruguayan national party the war continues to 1870 with around 300 000 paraguayan deaths december 15 16 american civil war battle of nashville union forces decisively defeat the confederate army of tennessee date unknown edit the second anglo ashanti war ends the dutch conquer southern sumatra citation needed asa mercer travels from seattle to the u s east coast and recruits 11 mercer girls potential wives for men on the west coast the first quanjude peking roast duck restaurant opens on qianmen street in peking china yasudaya currency exchange bank as predecessor of mizuho financial group is founded in edo modern day tokyo japan 15 merchants bank of halifax as predecessor of royal bank of canada founded in nova scotia citation needed births edit january march edit wilhelm wien marguerite durand an...